Guddadarangavvanahally K Jayaprakasha

• Ph. D in Chemistry
• Professor at Texas A&M University

Melon (Cucumis melo) is an important diploid crop grown worldwide. To understand the development of Melon fruits, time-course gene expression profiling was conducted for two field-grown melon varieties (Western shipper; F39 and Tuscan da Vinci; TTDV) using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach. A total of 449014207 reads were mapped to the...

Volatile compounds produce the aroma of fruits such as melons (Cucumis melo) and therefore play a key role in fruit quality. Here, we optimized experimental parameters to evaluate the effect of blending time, extraction temperature and time, different fibers, sample weight, different columns, and salt on the volatile composition of melons was perfo...

Accurate, rapid quantitation of key antioxidants such as carotenoids is important for assessment of food quality. Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments that are susceptible to oxidation due to their highly conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds. Therefore, the present work focuses on improving sample preparation to facilitate rapid analysis of caro...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and one of the fastest-growing health challenges of the last decades. Studies have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system are intimately involved in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Momordica charantia L. fruits are used in traditional medicine to manage diabetes. Her...

This study used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and complementary metabolomics approaches to investigate the effects of three processing techniques (blending, high-speed centrifugal juicing, and low-speed juicing) on the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activ...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit is a rich source of health-promoting compounds, and epidemiological studies show that tomato consumption may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. This study compared the effect of genotype, production system, and their interaction on eight tomato varieties grown in the open-field (OF) or net-house (NH), a structu...

Tomato is an important source of health‐promoting constituents, and researchers have focused on enhancing the content. In the present study, the influence of net‐house (NH) and open‐field (OF) growing conditions on physicochemical traits of tomatoes from eight different cultivars were evaluated. The tomato fruit qualities, such as color, total solu...

The bacterial pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is transmitted by the tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli, to solanaceous crops. In the present study, the changes in metabolic profiles of insect-susceptible (cv CastleMart) and resistant (RIL LA3952) tomato plants in response to TPP vectoring Lso or not, were exam...

Onion is among the most widely cultivated and consumed economic crops. Onions are an excellent dietary source of polyphenols and nutrients. However, onions phytonutrient compositions vary with cultivars and growing locations. Therefore, the present study involved the evaluation of polyphenol, nutritional composition (proteins, nitrogen, and mineral...

Cantaloupe is a good dietary source of amino acids, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, and citrulline. However, the levels of these amino acids vary among different cantaloupe varieties grown in different locations. Understanding the variation in amino acid contents provides fundamentally important information for quality control and...

Accurate assays of plant antioxidants and other phytochemicals require efficient extraction conditions and enable rigorous assessments of crop varieties and production systems. This study assessed the extraction of phytochemicals and antioxidants from conventionally or organically grown red and golden beets (Beta vulgaris L.), using twenty solvent...

Herein, we used a metabolomics approach to identify biomarkers of Fusarium wilt infection in watermelon. The observed metabolic profiles of infected plants were genotype specific and distinct in leaf and stem tissues compared with roots. The leaf tissue of Fusarium wilt-symptomatic plants had detectable or elevated levels of jasmonic acid–isoleucin...

Seed priming is a promising approach to improve germination, emergence, and seedling growth by triggering pre-germinative metabolism and enhancing seedling vigor. Recently, nanopriming gained importance in seed improvement due to the small size and unique physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials. In the present study, silver and gold nanopa...

Seed priming uses treatments to improve seed germination and thus potentially increase growth and yield. Low-cost, environmentally friendly, effective seed treatment remain to be optimized and tested for high-value specialty crop like watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in multi-locations. This remains a particularly acute problem for triploids, which p...

Green nanotechnological approach is a rapidly expanding in sustainable precision agriculture that promises to revolutionize food production. In the present study, nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using efficient green process involving the use of plant extracts as reducing agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were...

Bile acids are cholesterol-derived steroid molecules that serve various metabolic functions, particularly in the digestion of lipids. Gut microbes produce unconjugated and secondary bile acids through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions respectively. Alterations in the gut microbiota have profound effects on bile acid metabolism, which can...

Antioxidant levels are key parameters for studies of food quality, stress responses, and plant health. Herein, we have demonstrated that excised leaf disc has both radical scavenging activity and reducing power, and used this concept to develop 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and...

In the present study, onion extract was used for green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe-NPs). The X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterizations demonstrated that the biosynthesized Fe-NPs were mainly of low-crystalline or amorphous Fe2O3 with diameter of 19-30 nm...

https://pubs.acs.org/isbn/9780841232969

The genus Brassica comprises a large group of herbaceous plants, including many vegetables that originated in the Mediterranean region. These vegetables contain various phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, and their hydrolyzed products. Among the Brassica vegetables, Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera)...

Multicomponent therapy has gained interest for its potential to synergize and subsequently lower the effective dose of each constituent required to reduce colon cancer risk. We have previously showed that rapidly cycling Lgr5 stem cells are exquisitely sensitive to extrinsic dietary factors that modulate colon cancer risk. In the present study, we...

The cover image, by Noorani Barkat et al., is based on the Research Article Effect of harvest time on the levels of phytochemicals, free radical‐scavenging activity, α‐amylase inhibition and bile acid‐binding capacity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8862. The cover image, by Noorani Barkat et al., is based on the Research Article...

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) var. Garnet Stem was harvested from Texas and New Jersey for identification, quantification of phytochemicals, measurement of free radical scavenging activity, and bile acid binding capacity. The red midrib and petioles were extracted with methanol or ethanol and with or without water in combination with four differ...

Nitrate and polyphenols from the diet may enhance the production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, a radical signaling molecule critical for cardiovascular health. Understanding the stability of these bioactives in beetroot and arugula juices is important for their functions. In this study, the stability of nitrate and phenolics in beetroot and...

Dietary flavonoids are used in treatment of multiple diseases, and their antiinflammatory effects in the intestine are due, in part, to interactions with gut microflora and possibly due to modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. In this study, we investigated the structure-dependent AhR activity of 14 flavonoids in Caco2 colon canc...

Kale (Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green vegetable belonging to the Brassicaceae family, and kale leaves have large amounts of dietary fiber and polyphenolics. Dietary fiber can bind bile acids, thus potentially improving cholesterol levels; however, whether the polyphenols from kale contribute to in vitro bile acid binding capacity remains unclea...

Bio-transformed volatile compounds in horse gram sprouts, Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 and Lactobacillus plantarum NCDO 1193 mediated as well as naturally fermented horse gram sprouts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid-phase micro extraction. A total of 36 compounds, including acids, alcohol...

Background: Spinach is a green leafy vegetable, rich in health-promoting compounds. The present study analyzed the levels of phytochemicals and health-promoting properties of spinach harvested at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after planting. Results: The time of harvest had a significant effect on nitrate levels, which increased from 1909±70.6 μg...

The goal of our present research was to develop a simple and rapid method for the quantitation of desulfoglucosinolates (desulfoGLS) without using column chromatography. The proposed method involves extraction, concentration, incubation of glucosinolates with sulfatase enzyme, and HPLC analysis. Identification of desulfoGLS in green kohlrabi was pe...

Grapefruit is an important citrus crop having unique aroma and flavour. In the current study, the juice quality parameters and volatile chemical composition of grapefruits harvested at five different periods comprising of developmental to maturity stages from June to April were studied. The headspace volatile compounds of grapefruit juice were isol...

To overcome the solubility and bioavailability challenges of nomilin, we have formulated and characterized a nanoparticle-based delivery system. Nomilin nanoparticles were prepared with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) resomers of different co-polymer composition and molecular weights with two surfactant, didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (D...

The present study describes the rapid microplate method to determine pyruvic acid content in different varieties of onions. Onion juice was treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to obtain hydrazone, which was further treated with potassium hydroxide to get stable colored complex. The stability of potassium complex was enhanced up to two hours and...

In the present study, we tested the bile acid binding capacity of red leaf lettuce, red cabbage, red kale, green kale, and Brussels sprouts in vitro digestion process by simulating mouth, gastric, and intestinal digestion using six bile acids at physiological pH. Green and red kale exhibited significantly higher (86.5±2.9 and 89.7±0.9%) bile acid b...

Rationale: Spinach is green leafy vegetable rich source of flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, vitamin A, C and E. Spinach contains unique flavonoids which have significant anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. The present study reports the systematic identification and quantification of novel flavonoids b...

Nomilin is a bitter compound present in citrus and has been demonstrated as useful for various disease preventions through anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic activities. Although in vitro disease models have shown that certain limonoids in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal cascade, the downstream signaling pathwa...

The majority of colon tumors are driven by aberrant Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells, which mediates an efficient route toward initiating intestinal cancer. Natural lipophilic polyphenols and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generally suppress Wnt- and NF-κB- (nuclear factor-κ light-chain enhancer of activated B-cell) related pa...

In the current study, phytochemical contents and expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Rio Red grapefruit were studied at different developmental and maturity stages for the first time. Grapefruit were harvested in June, August, November, January, and April and analyzed for the levels of carotenoids, vitamin C, limonoids, flavon...

Commercial operations use low-temperature conditioning of citrus fruits to reduce the incidence of chilling injury (CI) during cold storage and quarantine treatments. Rio Red grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macf) were stored for 12 weeks at 11°C or 5°C; an additional set was temperature conditioned at 16°C for 7 days before storing at 5°C (CD). Every...

To improve bioavailability and enhance colon cancer prevention ability of curcumin, whey protein was used to nanoencapsulate at three different ratios such as 70:30, 50:50 and 35:65 for the first time. The drug loading, entrapment efficiency and structural changes of curcumin was confirmed by quantitative NMR spectroscopy. The nanoparticles prepare...

Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) contains many health-promoting compounds, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic acids and amino acids including l-citrulline, arginine, and glutathione. Reported HPLC method for quantification of l-citrulline and sugars in watermelon involves extensive, time-consuming sample preparation, post-column color deve...

Perturbations in DNA damage, DNA repair, apoptosis and cell proliferation in the base of the crypt where stem cells reside are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. Although the transformation of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) + cells is an extremely efficient route towards initiatin...

The majority of colon tumors are driven by aberrant Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells, which mediates an efficient route toward initiating intestinal cancer. Natural lipophilic polyphenols and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generally suppress Wnt-and NF-κB-(nuclear factor-κ light-chain enhancer of activated B-cell) related path...

Perturbations in DNA damage, DNA repair, apoptosis and cell proliferation in the base of the crypt where stem cells reside are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. Although the transformation of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled Receptor 5 (Lgr5)+ cells is an extremely efficient route towards initiating...

Natural products chemistry has been at the forefront of drug discovery since mankind first connected a plant with its effect on health. Plant-derived products can maintain human health and prevent chronic diseases. The vast diversity of the plant kingdom provides an opportunity to isolate novel phytochemicals; however, this diversity also provides...

The levels of phytochemicals in organically and conventionally cultivated Meyer lemons (Citrus meyeri Tan.) are unknown. In this study, Meyer lemons grown in south Texas under similar climatic conditions, using organic and conventional cultivation practices, were evaluated for their levels of phytochemicals. Mature fruits were harvested in two seas...

Citrus fruits are a good source of bioactive compounds with numerous beneficial biological activities. In the present study, fruits of the unexplored Miaray mandarin were used for the isolation of ten bioactive compounds. Dried peels were sequentially extracted with hexane and chloroform in a Soxhlet-type apparatus for 8h. The extracts were concent...

Bioactive compounds from edible plants have limited efficacy in treating advanced cancers, but they have potential to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in a combined treatment. An aqueous extract of berries of Pimenta dioica (Allspice) shows promise as one such candidate for combination therapy or chemoprevention. An aqueous extract of Al...

In the current study, we examined the effects of postharvest degreening and storage on phytochemicals in Rio Red grapefruit. Grapefruits were degreened with 3.5μl/l of ethylene at 21°C and 80% relative humidity for 72h, while non-degreened fruits were used as the control. Furthermore, the grapefruits were stored at 11°C for 3weeks and then at 21°C...

The majority of colon tumors are triggered by aberrant Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells, which is an extremely efficient route towards initiating intestinal cancer. Curcumin, a component of turmeric, and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly found in fish oil, exert chemoprotective and anti‐inflammatory properties in part by modulat...

Obacunone and obacunone glucoside (OG) are naturally occurring triterpenoids commonly found in citrus and other plants of the Rutaceae family. The current study reports the mechanism of cytotoxicity of citrus-derived obacunone and OG on human androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Both limonoids exhibited time- and dose-dependent inhibitio...

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can extend the shelf life of salads, vegetables, and fruits by generating a storage environment with low O 2 , high CO 2 , and high humidity. The current study investigates the effect of modified atmosphere and humidity generated by two plastic films, microperforated bags (MIPBs) and macroperforated bags (MAPBs),...

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can extend the shelf life of salads, vegetables and fruits by generating a storage environment with low O2, high CO2, and high humidity. The current study investigates the effect of modified atmosphere and humidity generated by two plastic films, micro-perforated bags (MIPB) and macro-perforated bags (MAPB), on t...

Anal. of volatiles using headspace (HS) is a fast, simple and sensitive method, which does not alter the original volatile chem. compn. Headspace solid-phase micro-extn. (HS-SPME) is also commonly used for anal. of volatiles in wide range of samples from food, soil, air and water. SPME is used by either immersing the fiber in the sample or by placi...

Epidemiol. data have demonstrated a dramatic increase in the incidence of diabetes worldwide. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia), a vegetable native to Asia, has been traditionally used in the management of hyperglycemic conditions. The health-promoting mols. in bitter melon have been described as cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. Recent advances in...

NMR (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-known anal. technique for simultaneous quantitation and structural elucidation of small mols. and macromols. In natural products research, quant. NMR (qNMR) gives valuable information on metabolites. qNMR is robust with high precision, good reproducibility and is non-destructive, compared to traditional anal. method...

Overexpression of the aromatase enzyme CYP19 has been implicated in the onset of estrogen-dependent breast carcinogenesis. Obacunone, a natural compound present in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated for various biological activities including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we have isolated obacunone and obacun...

In recent years, the exploration of natural products for discovery of health promoting components that may prevent chronic diseases has taken a giant leap. The various sources for natural products include stems, leaves, roots, fruits, flowers and seeds. Among these, seeds are a good source of bioactive components such as polyphenols, anthocyanin’s,...

Limes contain several putative bioactive compounds and certain compounds are known to possess antioxidant activity. The current study is focused on understanding antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts of lime seeds. Defatted lime seeds was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH), and MeOH: water and screened for their rad...

Conventional wisdom suggests that consumption of plant-based foods including, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, cereals, nuts, marine foods (rich in longchain ω-3 fatty acids) are key factors in maintaining healthy lifestyles and helping to combat the risk of chronic disease. Consequently there has been increased interest in research, development a...

Citrus contains several bioactive health maintaining compounds that may have potential for prevention of certain diseases. In order to understand the role of these bioactives, isolation and characterization are critical steps of bio-assay derived studies. Lemon seed powder was extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), using Soxhlet extractor...

The hydro-distilled volatile oil of the Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) buds was analyzed using GC and GC-MS for the first time. Thirty-four compounds representing approximately 98% of the oil was characterized. It consists of terpene hydrocarbons (78%) and oxygenated terpenoids (9%). alpha-Bergamotene (27.38%) and alpha-copaene (23.05%) are...

Curcumin removed turmeric oleoresin (CRTO) was extracted with hexane concentrated to get turmeric oil, and that was fractionated using silica gel column chromatography to obtain three fractions. These fractions were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Turmeric oil contained aromatic turmerone (31.32%), turmerone (15.08%) and curlone (9.7%), whereas fractions...

Curcumin, the yellow coloring pigment of turmeric is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. The mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin known as curcumin removed turmeric oleoresin (CRTO) was extracted three times with n-hexane at room temperature for 30 min to obtain turmeric oil. The turmeric oil was subjected to fraction...

Citrus limonoids were demonstrated to possess potential biological activities in reducing the risk of certain diseases. Limonoids are present in citrus fruits in the form of aglycones and glucosides. At present, limonoid aglycones and limonoid glucosides are extracted in multiple steps using different solvents. In order to understand their potentia...

Citrus limonoids have shown to inhibit the growth of cancer in colon, lung, mouth, stomach and breast in animal and cell culture studies. For the first time in the present study, an attempt has been made to isolate antioxidant fractions and five limonoids from red Mexican grapefruit seeds. Defatted seed powder was successively extracted with hexane...

In the current study, influence of storage temperature (11 and 2 °C) and low temperature conditioning (7 days at 16 °C before cold storage at 2 °C) on the bioactive compounds in ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were examined. Fruits stored at 11 °C showed no CI; while fruits stored at 2 °C showed highest CI. Conditioning treatment (CD...

The majority of colon tumors are triggered by aberrant Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells, which is an extremely efficient route towards initiating intestinal cancer. Curcumin, a component of turmeric, and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly found in fish oil, exert chemoprotective and anti‐inflammatory properties in part by modulat...

Hundreds of nonnutritional bioactive molecules are intro-duced with the diet, particularly with plant-derived foods, nutraceutical products, and food supplements. They consist of a broad variety of compounds which include polyphenols, organosulfur compounds, carotenoids, plant sterols, alka-loids, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. These bioactive d...

Grapefruit heterocyclic oxygenated compounds have demonstrated antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties; purifying these compounds is essential for systematic biological studies to elucidate their bioactive properties. In the current study, a new method was used to isolate and purify coumarins from grapefruit oil and peels. Grapefruit oil was fractio...