Gudberg Konrad Jonsson

University of Iceland | HI

Background: Joint attention is achieved through a combination of verbal and non-verbal cues interacting in systematic ways. Nonetheless, existing studies examining multimodal pathways to joint attention focus on the co-occurrence of a limited set of domains, using methods like lag-sequential analysis. Yet, alternative computational methods, such as...

El sistema de puntuación basado en la acumulación-desacumulación comporta un trasiego en la puntuación de los equipos. En el juego de tríada estudiado se confirma el efecto ambivalente de las situaciones motrices y cómo reduce las diferencias entre los equipos que revierten en el marcador. El análisis se realiza a través de la frecuencia de roles,...

This project was inspired in the sixties by primatologist Morris's (1967) “The Naked Ape,” Tinbergen (1963), Von Frisch (1967), and Lorenz (1974) ethological research, rewarded in 1973 by a shared Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology, and Wilson's (1975) opus “Sociobiology”. Other important inspirations were Skinner (1969) work on probabilistic re...

Introduction Scientific literature contains mainly systematic reviews focused on substantial aspects, but there are also approaches that have combined both substantial and methodological aspects, which is our preferred option since it undeniably adds value. The aims of this study were: (1) to carry out a systematic review of the literatura on T-Pat...

Un sistema educativo inclusivo genera cambios en las prácticas pedagógicas y abre la necesidad de implementar metodologías innovadoras para ofrecer más oportunidades al alumno de participar en dicho sistema. Las intervenciones asistidas con animales (IAA) aportan efectos beneficiosos de la interacción entre seres humanos y animales, contribuyendo a...

The term “structure” indicates a set of components that, in relation to each other, shape an organic complex. Such a complex takes on essential connotations of functionally unitary entity resulting from the mutual relationships of its constituent elements. In a broader sense, we can use the word “structure” to define the set of relationships among...

Researching the motor triad game and its strategy is to assume the huge complexity derived from ambivalence. For this reason, time was taken as a criterion through the roles and subroles transition through t-patterns analysis (TPA) for the ‘Maze’ game. In parallel to the triadic specificity, there are advantages to using a methodology in accordance...

The focus of this study was on exploring decision-making in a triadic motor game (Bears, Monkeys and Ants), using T-Pattern analysis (TPA). The research involved 23 players aged 12 to 13 years (mean ± standard deviation; 12.5 ± 1), 12 girls and 11 boys, from a secondary middle-class school in Tenerife (Spain). An observational design was used (quad...

Identifying performance indicators in professional boxing trough T-pattern analysis (TPA) was a priority objective of the present study. We accessed data through the boxrec.com portal, where 15 boxing fights were selected. All these fights concluded in the first or second round and belonged to champions (lb. for lb.) of international organizations...

Mixed methods research burst onto the scene around the beginning of the second millennium. After decades of intense dispute between those who preferred the qualitative perspective and their quantitative counterparts—with both sides having grown deeply entrenched in their respective views—a complementary approach promising the possibility of integra...

This work analyzes stability and change of T-patterns related with on-task persistence and social interaction of preschool-age children. Stability and change are considered as natural setting indicators of time allocation processes and social dynamics with teachers and peers, within the fields of educational neuroscience and developmental science....

The human body is a powerful advertising tool that portrays changing messages according to social trends and expectations. Sport advertisements in particular offer many opportunities to study these changes. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in body image portrayal in printed sports magazine advertisements over the last two decades. We us...

The main objective of the work is to address the effective behavior of girls and boys through Triadic Motor Games (TMG). A chasing game “The Maze” was applied on two class groups with a total of 42 players, 18 girls, and 24 boys, who were 12- and 13-year-old secondary school students. An observational methodology was adopted, with a nomothetic, pun...

Efficacy of classical manual material handling (MMH) training interventions on back pain prevention at the workplace has been called into question. The way that observation (self-observation or hetero-observation) is used in other areas to create feedback addressed to modify motor activities can justify innovative components for these interventions...

The Research Topic Systematic observation: Engaging researchers in the study of daily life as it is lived (Section Quantitative Psychology and Measurement) faithfully reflects the interest of many researchers to conduct studies based on a methodology that is essentially characterized by being highly flexible and rigorous, and that aims to capture r...

In 2017 Iceland received word-wide attention for having dramatically reversed the course of teenage substance use. From 1998 to 2018, the percentage of 15-16-year-old Icelandic youth who were drunk in the past 30 days declined from 42% to 5%; daily cigarette smoking dropped from 23% to 3%; and having used cannabis one or more times fell from 17% to...

Background: The behaviour of all living beings consists of hidden patterns in time; consequently, its nature and its underlying dynamics are intrinsically difficult to be perceived and detected by the unaided observer. Method: Such a scientific challenge calls for improved means of detection, data handling and analysis. By using a powerful and v...

Deception has evolved to become a fundamental aspect of human interaction. Despite the prolonged efforts in many disciplines, there has been no definite finding of a univocally “deceptive” signal. This work proposes an approach to deception detection combining cognitive load manipulation and T-pattern methodology with the objective of: (a) testing...

The triad is a particular structure in which an ambivalent social relationship takes place. This work is focused on the search of behavioral regularities in the practice of motor games in triad, which is a little known field. For the detection of behavioral patterns not visible to the naked eye, we use Theme. A chasing games model was followed, wit...

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the organization of on-task behavior in the classroom. Four observational methodology techniques— T-pattern detection, lag sequential analysis, trend analysis, and polar coordinate analysis—were used to study the organization of on-task and offtask behavioral patterns during class time in a primary sch...

The influence of game location on performance has been widely examined in sport contexts. Concerning soccer, game-location affects positively the secondary and tertiary level of performance; however, there are fewer evidences about its effect on game structure (primary level of performance). This study aimed to detect the effect of game location on...

We will develop and propose a way for transforming qualitative data into code matrices that safeguards the theoretical framework, retains the original semantic and emotional content, and guarantees maximum rigor and objectivity. The transformation of qualitative data for subsequent quantitative processing is not implemented at a structural level, a...

p>The aim of this study was to analyze the organization of on-task behavior in the classroom. Four observational methodology techniques—T-pattern detection, lag sequential analysis, trend analysis, and polar coordinate analysis—were used to study the organization of on-task and off-task behavioral patterns during class time in a primary school sett...

We will develop and propose a way for transforming qualitative data into code matrices that safeguards the theoretical framework, retains the original semantic and emotional content, and guarantees maximum rigor and objectivity. The transformation of qualitative data for subsequent quantitative processing is not implemented at a structural level, a...

La Metodología Observacional es un marco riguroso y flexible que permite capturar conductas desplegadas en el tiempo y la posterior realización de análisis diacrónicos. Theme es uno de los softwares que están siendo crecientemente utilizados en el deporte, y en concreto en el fútbol, para detectar un tipo determinado de estructura regular de conduc...

In the study of social interaction we consider that observational methodology is the best approach to study the hidden structures underlying an interactive situation, and from a previous observation instrument build ad hoc, and that implies some dimensions and a category system for each dimension, and later a systematic record of episodes in a same...

As rates of Internet gambling participation increase worldwide, so too does the need to understand how people engage in this form of gambling. This study represents the first examination of actual Internet gambling records within Iceland, a Nordic country with an active Internet lottery market that imposes strict regulations on gambling operator lic...

Proceedings of the ninth meeting of the Research Network on Methodology for the Analysis of Social Interaction (MASI), August 25-27, 2016, at the University of Würzburg, Germany. Scientific Committee: M. Teresa Anguera, Alain Blanchet, Harvey Milkman, Frank Schwab and Magnus S. Magnusson. Organizing Committee: Mariona Portell, Barbara Diana, Mich...

Observational methodology provides a rigorous yet flexible framework for capturing behaviors over time to allow for the performance of subsequent diachronic analyses of the data captured. Theme is a specialized software program that detects hidden temporal behavioral patterns (T-patterns) within data sets. It is increasingly being used to analyze p...

Cyberbullying can cause serious psychosocial harm to its victims especially if it is severe and continues over a period of time. National surveys show that that about 10% of Icelandic school children are exposed to cyberbullying but until now most Icelandic research has focuses on face to face bullying. The purpose of this study was to explore how...

T-pattern analysis has been successfully applied in the study of various aspects of human or animal behavior such as behavioral modifications in neuro-psychiatric diseases, interaction between human subjects and animal or artificial agents. This presentation will focus on giving an overview of recent research involving the t-pattern model and Theme...

In the study of social interaction, we consider that observational methodology is the best approach to study the hidden structures underlying an interactive situ-ation, and from a previous observation an instrument was build ad hoc. This implies some dimensions and a category system for each dimension, and later a systematic record of episodes in t...

The triad is a particular structure in which an ambivalent social relationship takes place. A chasing games model was followed, with rules, and in two different structures (A↔B↔C↔A, y and? A→B→C→A) on four class groups (two for each structure), for a total of 84, 12 and 13 year olds secondary school students, 37 girls (44%) and 47 boys (66%). The a...

The tech world is creating a future of wearable devices that promises to entertain consumers and help them live healthier lives. Technology companies’ interests in health and wellness have sparked the creation of a myriad of wearable devices, from fitness bands that monitor activity and sleep patterns to flexible patches that can detect body temper...

As rates of Internet gambling participation increase worldwide, so too does the need to understand how people engage in this form of gambling. This study represents the first examination of actual Internet gambling records within Iceland, a Nordic country with an active Internet lottery market that imposes strict regulations on gambling operator li...

Introduction: The objective of the pre-sented project is to develop tools and methods for event basing, visualization and analysis of financial transactions and economic variables with the Theme soft-ware and comparing results with findings from conventional methods. Earlier pilot studies suggest that the T-pattern algorithm could be a valuable add...

Soccer research has traditionally focused on technical and tactical aspects of team play, but few studies have analyzed motor skills in individual actions, such as goal scoring. Besides, the study of skills in elite players is still largely based on subjective judgements. Versatility is closely linked to motor skills, as players with a mastery of t...

Introduction The objective of the presented project is to develop tools and methods for event basing, visualization and analysis of financial transactions and economic variables with the Theme software and comparing results with findings from conventional methods. Earlier pilot studies suggest that the T-pattern algorithm could be a valuable additi...

Introduction Contextual factors are crucial for evaluative research in psychology, and studies of behavior and experience in everyday contexts offer insights that complement findings provided by other methodological approaches. However studying behavior in context poses numerous methodological challenges for which a range of innovative solutions ha...

Introduction Social interaction in human being is always a complex phenomenon, and its study is undoubtedly difficult from a methodological point of view. There are usually patterns of relations that should reveal us those aspects of social interaction that are not immediately observable. The interactive flow is governed by behavioral structures...

As rates of Internet gambling participation increase worldwide, so too does the need to understand how people engage in this form of gambling. This study represents the first examination of actual Internet gambling records within Iceland, a Nordic country with an active Internet lottery market that imposes strict regulations on gambling operator lic...

The present chapter addresses the application of T-Pattern Detection to video games research. By their nature as interactive media, games offer great degrees of freedom for their users which can result in very different gaming experiences; strictly speaking, no two sessions are the same. If researchers do not plan to solely rely on summative post-s...

The Atlantic cod is one of the most important commercial species known. The behavior of this species, important for fisheries, research, and stock assessment, is in many ways masked by extensive horizontal and vertical dispersion in its habitat. A tidal location model has been developed to predict location and movement of adult cod in Icelandic wat...

In the current study we explore dominant behaviours and interactive patterns during feeding of a group of captive vervet monkeys (Cercophitecus aethiops pygerythrus). Observations were carried out in a group including an adult male, an adult female, two immature individuals, and an infant, living in the Guadalajara Zoo. They were located in a confi...

This chapter focuses on how to analyze the paraverbal communicative fl uency of teaching style. Essential paraverbal criteria related to kinesics and proxemics were studied in lecturers offering courses. Some lessons were analyzed using the Observational Systems of Paraverbal Communication SOCIN and SOPROX, both observational instruments that enable...

Contextual factors are crucial for evaluative research in psychology, as they provide insights into what works, for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects, and why. Studying behavior in context, however, poses numerous methodological challenges. Although a comprehensive framework for classifying methods seeking to quantify biopsychosocial as...

One of the most recent analytical techniques in observational methodology is T-pattern detection and analysis (regular structures of behaviour) with the THEME software. THEME analyses observational data, searching for critical interval relationship between single event types to more complex T-pattern structures. The current study analyses the degra...

Sports performance consists of a multiple series of strategies that tend to follow one another. Performance analysis in team sports is usually focused on primary (fundamental skill execution), secondary (scoring) and tertiary (match result) outcomes. While there is general agreement over measuring secondary and tertiary outcomes, literature does no...

Sports performance consists of a multiple series of strategies that tend to follow one another. Performance analysis in team sports is usually focused on primary (fundamental skill execution), secondary (scoring) and tertiary (match result) outcomes. While there is general agreement over measuring secondary and tertiary outcomes, literature does no...

One of the most recent analytical techniques in observational methodology is T-pattern detection and analysis (regular structures of behaviour) with the THEME software. THEME analyses observational data, searching for critical interval relationship between single event types to more complex T-pattern structures. The current study analyses the degra...

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An important part of human intelligence is the ability to use language. Humans learn how to use language in a society of language users, which is probably the most effective way to learn a language from the ground up. Principles that might allow an artificial agents to learn language this way are not known at present. Here we present a framework wh...

Actualmente, para aplicar procedimientos de observación informatizados en metodología observacional hay que enfrentar numerosas dificultades derivadas de la versatilidad de los datos, del registro de imágenes y de la falta de inmediatez de los resultados. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una visión retrospectiva y de futuro donde se inform...

The dynamics of play during professional soccer matches are complex phenomena that traditional approaches to the quantification of team sports are not fully able to identify. The aim of this study was to detect such dynamics through an analysis of temporal patterns. In particular, the objective was to reveal the hidden yet stable structures which u...

At present, researchers who wish to apply computerized observational procedures within the context of the observational methodology face numerous difficulties. These difficulties stem from the versatility of the data, the recording of images, and the lack of immediate results. This paper takes both a retrospective and forward look at the field, dis...

Four principal features of autonomous control systems are left both unaddressed and unaddressable by present-day engineering methodologies: 1. The ability to operate effectively in environments that are only partially known beforehand at design time;; 2. A level of generality that allows a system to re-assess and re-define the fulfillment of its mi...

As rates of Internet gambling participation increase worldwide, so too does the need to understand how people engage in this form of gambling. This study represents the first examination of actual Internet gambling records within Iceland, a Nordic country with an active Internet lottery market that imposes strict regulations on gambling operator li...

The aim of the study is to analyse the sequential paraverbal communication used while teaching by expert and novice PE teachers. Four expert and four novice teachers were observed using a coding scheme of paraverbal behavior. The detection of temporal patterns using Theme v.5 enabled sequential analyses of paraverbal behaviour. The results indicate...

One important area in the field of sports science concerns the need to explain, predict and even control the factors that determine success in competitive team sports. In our view, this is a key aspect when it comes to helping coaches to make decisions regarding the management of both training and competitive situations, as well as for increasing p...

Traditional approaches to the quantification of team sports have proved to be limited in their ability to identify complex structural regularities that, despite being unobservable, nonetheless underlie the development of the sporting contest between opposing teams. This paper describes a method for detecting the dynamics of play in professional soc...

The study sought to analyse the paraverbal communicative fluency of the teaching style used by expert and novice PE teachers. Twenty-four lessons were studied using the Observational System of Paraverbal Communication (SOCOP; Castañer et al., 2007; Castañer, 2009), an instrument that provides a clear analysis of how essential elements related to ki...

In sport there is a great need to obtain as much information as possible about the factors which affect the dynamics of play. This study uses sequential analysis and temporal patterns (T-patterns) to examine the evolution of defence (against an equal number of attackers) as used by the Spanish handball team at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The ai...

The present study examines the relationship between the verbal communication skills and paraverbal communication (both kinesic and proxemic) of indoor soccer coaches in competitive match situations, senior women's competitive level. T-patterns detection analysis provides a sequential analysis of data, illustrating the communicative style and flow o...

Multimodal natural behavior of humans presents a complex yet highly coordinated set of interacting processes. Providing robots with such interactive skills is a challenging and worthy goal and numerous such efforts are currently underway; evaluating the progress in this direction, however, continues to be a challenge. General methods for measuring...

The Atlantic cod is one of the most important commercial species known. The behavior of this species, important for fisheries, research and stock assessment, is in many ways masked by extensive horizontal and vertical dispersion in its habitat. The potential of using the Theme software in behavior studies of commercial fish stocks was tested using...

In the field of sports research, there is a growing need for the rigorous collection of data that provide empirical evidence about the complex reality they refer to. Although sports psychology research has advanced considerably in recent years, in both extent and quality, one area of research that remains relatively unexplored is the dynamics of th...

The present article analyzes the diversity of motor skills related to three different kinds of instructions: descriptive, metaphoric, and kinesic, with a special emphasis on the detection of temporal patterns (T-patterns). Twelve undergraduates studying sport and physical education, but without experience in dance, were observed during 24 lessons o...

The following paper introduces a new approach to the analysis of sports and motor skill performance. The approach, known as T-pattern detection, is explained and preliminary data analyses from soccer, boxing, basketball, swimming and motor skill analysis are presented. The data show that specific temporal patterns can be identified within sports pe...