Gregorio Montero

• PhD
• Researcher at Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria

In 2021, the second volume of volume XIX (Gramineae, partim) of the general plan of the work Flora iberica, begun in 1986, was published. With the work completed, overall evaluations can be made such as its relationship with specific territories such as Galicia. Information has been collected on each name such as its taxonomic position, type of cit...

Aim of study: We introduce the software ModERFoRest (Modelling Environmental Requirements for Forest Restoration), which is a tool to estimate the environmental requirements and environmental performance of the main forest tree species growing in Spain. Area of study: Two of their modules have been developed to be applied mainly in Spain, but the...

Available at https://www.inia.es/serviciosyrecursos/recursosinformaticos/modernforest/Paginas/ModERFoRest.aspx

OPEN ACCESS at http://www.sisef.it/iforest/abstract/?id=ifor3180-013 - Cones of the Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) constitute one of the most relevant non-wood forest products collected in the Mediterranean forests , providing high value edible kernels. In the last years a severe decline has been observed in the kernel-per-cone yield (...

Los montes constituyen un gran almacén de carbono orgánico, formado por las partes aérea y radical de los árboles, matorrales y de otras cubiertas no arboladas –como las herbáceas-, así como por el carbono acumulado en el horizonte orgánico superficial y a lo largo del perfil del suelo mineral. En este trabajo se realiza una estimación de biomasa...

Los sistemas forestales son fundamentales en la lucha contra el cambio climático dada su capacidad para secuestrar carbono atmosférico y almacenarlo tanto en la vegetación como en los suelos. Aunque, evidentemente, los bosques son sólo una parte de la solución de este problema, ya que los cambios tienen que venir a una escala mayor, nadie duda del...

Abstract National accounting either ignores or fails to give due values to the ecosystem services, products, incomes and environmental assets of a country. To overcome these shortcomings, we apply spatially-explicit extended accounts that incorporate a novel environmental income indicator, which we test in the forests of Andalusia (Spain). Extende...

En este trabajo se hace una breve introducción a los conceptos de desfronde, su acumulación y proceso de descomposición del mismo que se producen en la capa orgánica de los suelos forestales. Se presenta una recopilación de la información general, cuantitativa, disponible sobre los depósitos de desfronde y los procesos de descomposición e incorpora...

Since ancient times, Mediterranean pine forests have been habitat for human activity, providing a wide range of goods such as timber, seeds, resin and derived products. Among them, tar and resin have played an historical role on the interaction between human activity and forests. In Spain, the resin played an important role in the economic and soci...

Recientemente se han cumplido cincuenta años desde la publicación del primero de los trabajos de caracterización del hábitat y de análisis de la aptitud del territorio para las distintas especies forestales españolas. Dicho estudio, dedicado a Pinus pinaster, y firmado por Nicolás y Gandullo (1967), inició una fructífera serie de trabajos enmarcado...

Timber and biodiversity are considered two antagonistic ecosystem services (ES), largely influenced by silviculture and site ecological conditions. In order to address the trade-offs between these two ES over time, we performed a retrospective study at compartment level in the Pinus sylvestris forests of the Spanish Central Mountain System. Archiva...

National accounting either ignores or fails to give due values to a country ́s ecosystem services, products, total income and environmental asset variations. To overcome these shortcomings, wedevelop a spatially-explicit extended ecosystem accounting framework, which we test intheMediterranean forests of Andalusia (Spain). This framework goes beyon...

A critical review of the current state of the art of modelling in Mediterranean stone pine forests, focusing on the stakeholders and end-users criticisms and points of views: an exhaustive review and analysis of the currently available literature on the topic, and an analysis whether the stakeholders involved in stone pine managements make use of t...

Since 19th century, Mediterranean stone pine area has been expanding to nearly one million hectares. Half of this increase has been on private lands in the last decades, especially in Portugal and western Turkey, where its current extension is 176,000 and 195,000 ha, respectively fourfold the original areas. For establishing profitable stone pine...

Aim of study: To propose a new approach to defining rotation ages on the basis of productive and technological aspects and to present an example of application of the methodology to natural Pinus sylvestris stands in relation to silvicultural treatment (light or heavy thinning) and site index. Area of study: Central Spain. Material and methods: W...

Early and heavy thinnings are crucial for a stable and vigorous pole stage in Mediterranean stone pine, a light-demanding species for drought-prone environments. Recommendations tend towards 600 tree per hectare at 5-10 years (mean height about 1 m) and 200 tree per hectare at 15-25 years (about 5 m height), depending on site quality. Figura 1. Loc...

The positive effect of low pruning on cone induction in stone pine, Pinus pinea, is still under discussion. This poster present preliminary results of a pruning trial in a grafted orchard plantation.

Carbon sequestration has become an important issue in forest management in the light of concerns about global warming. The two methods proposed by IPCC to quantify the net carbon sequestered by trees are based either on the estimation of annual gains and losses of carbon due to the growth of trees and their removals (default method), or on the diff...

Regardless of their geographical location , forests play an important role in CO2 fixation. Carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems is distributed among three compartments: living plant biomass (stem, branches, foliage , roots), plant detritus (fallen branches and cones, forest litter, tree stumps, tree tops, logs) and soil (organic mineral humus,...

In the Mediterranean area, the role of forest as carbon sinks is particularly significant since usually ecosystem services provided by forests are frequently of greater value than their direct productions. In this chapter, how carbon sequestration changes over time and with different management regimes in Mediterranean pine forests are presented. T...

Free via Open Access: http://le.uwpress.org/content/93/1/87.full.pdf+html We develop a model that estimates spatially allocated environmental asset values for the simultaneous provision of seven ecosystem services. We examine the effect of heterogeneous spatial and economic factors on asset figures, and identify potential forestry abandonment prob...

Aim of the study: To present a new spatiotemporal model for Pinus pinea L. annual cone production with validity for Spanish Northen Plateau and Central Range regions. The new model aims to deal with detected deficiencies in previous models: temporal shortage, overestimation of cone production on recent years, incompatibility with data from National...

Tras la firma del Acuerdo de París en diciembre de 2015, y su prevista entrada en vigor en noviembre de 2016, se abre un nuevo escenario para la consideración de los bosques y su función mitigadora ante el cambio climático. El reconocimiento del papel que ejercen los bosques en la absorción de CO2 queda explícitamente recogido en el acuerdo interna...

Background. Given the global increase in plantations of Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L., for producing Mediterranean pine nuts, the production of grafted treelets is of major interest for allowing massive propagation of genetic improved material. Since early 20th century, stone pine area has expanded threefold from 0.3 to 0.9 million hecta...

Presentación utilizada en la reunión organizada por el Foro de Bosques y Cambio Climático ”Bosques...¿para qué?” (Madrid, 1 marzo de 2016).

Establishment of clonal Pinus pinea orchards as Mediterranean pine nut crop [IN SPANISH] The production of grafted treelets that propagate genetic improved material of Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L., is of general interest, given the global increase in plantations for obtaining Mediterranean pine nuts as gourmet nut. The register of Spani...

Presentación de la jornada ”El valor de la información forestal y su activación socioeconómica”. SmartOpenData. INIA. Madrid, 29 de octubre de 2015

El piñón de Pinus pinea constituye uno de los principales productos forestales de la cuenca mediterránea. Recientemente se ha identificado por parte del sector una disminución en los rendimientos en piñón de la piñas en distintas regiones de la cuenca Mediterránea, asociadas al denominado síndrome de la piña seca. Entre los posibles agentes causant...

We develop a model for estimating the environmental asset (EA) value of a selection of forest provisioning services that include timber, cork, firewood, pine-nuts and grazing resources and carbon sequestration as a regulating ecosystem service. This EA computing model is applied to a group of 567 silvopastoral farms in Andalusia (Spain). The expect...

An important aspect of sustainable forest management is to assess the impact of forest operations on ecosystem services. This work analyzed the long-term effect of two standard thinning regimes on carbon stocks both in tree biomass and soil compartments as well as its effect on soil condition. The target population was a 90-year-old Scots pine (Pin...

Abstract Comparative research into the human-maintained economic and ecological systems referred to as working landscapes is a rarity in the literature. Nonetheless, developing such comparisons is the end goal of this book. Altogether, 44 field scientists are contributing authors, with some appearing in multiple contributions, but others spelling o...

Oak woodlands have offered a welcoming environment for human activities for tens of thousands of years, but how that history has unfolded has many variations. The long-time collaboration that led to this book ran into complications arising from the different meanings attached to many a term, including struggles over the most appropriate title, sett...

The importance of shrub formations in the Mediterranean area both in terms of area occupied and carbon sequestered by them is currently being recognized. However, due to the lack of suitable models to estimate biomass accumulation and growth rate in this region, the carbon sequestered by these formations is not included when computing the total car...

The presentation gives a short overview of published data for Mediterranean pine nut production from Pinus pinea and introduces the current problem of the Dry Cone Syndrome, a massive conelet abortion and high percentages of empty or damaged pine nuts within those cones that finish ripening. The invasive cone pest Leptoglossus occidentalis is signe...

Inter-specific difference in seed size is one of the main factors influencing regeneration strategies in plant species. The classical trade-off theory postulates that the species with larger seeds produce smaller amounts of offspring that colonize fewer microsites, although a large amount of reserves permits seeds to germinate and survive in a broa...

Memoria 1.2. Modelos de selvicultura y producción de madera, frutos y fijación de carbono de los sistemas forestales de Andalucía: "Se han desarrollado y aplicado modelos de selvicultura y producciones a ciclo completo de las 15 principales especies forestales de Andalucía y se aporta información original y específica para otras 8 especies de meno...

Aim of the study: To develop a site index model for Quercus faginea Lam. stands. Area of study: Spain Material and Methods: Data from 81 growth series collected in plots where Q. faginea was the main species were used for modelling. Different generalized algebraic difference equations (GADA) were fitted from traditionally used models. Richards mode...

Predictions of climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems and species depend on 1.- General responses on changes in mean climate variables: Composition, Structure, Growth and Biogeography [niche models, etc.] 2. -Species-specific impacts of singular extreme weather events: Episodic tree crown-diebacks and mortality due to increasing frequenc...

Thinning, as a forest management strategy, may contribute towards mitigating climate change, depending on its net effect on forest carbon (C) stocks. Although thinning provides off-site C storage (in the form of wood products) it is still not clear whether it results in an increase, a reduction or no change in on-site C storage. In this study we an...

Terrestrial ecosystems, such as forestlands and grasslands, provide many ecosystems services, and in most cases these services are provided by working landscapes that also generates relevant manufactured products (Haines-Young and Potschin, 2013). Conventional national accounts for agriculture and forestry activities neglect nonmarket environmental...

Presentación utilizada en la Conferencia Internacional sobre el Alcornocal celebrada en el CSIC en Madrid, en enero de 2014

Se han desarrollado unas tablas de rodal para Pinus sylvestris en la sierra de Guadarrama mediante la integración de un modelo de distribuciones diamétricas en las tablas de producción ya existentes (ROJO y MONTERO, 1996). Se presentan las distribuciones diamétricas generadas por el modelo para cada una de las edades, calidades y tratamientos de di...

El desfronde representa un factor clave en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas forestales. Por un lado representa el mayor aporte de nutrientes en sistemas naturales y, por otro, su acumulación en el suelo constituye un banco de elementos esenciales que, por descomposición y mineralización, se integran en el suelo y en los ciclos biogeoquímicos. E...

Oak woodlands have offered a welcoming environment for human activities for tens of thousands of years, but how that history has unfolded has many variations. The long-time collaboration that led to this book ran into complications arising from the different meanings attached to many a term, including struggles over the most appropriate title, sett...

Comparative research into the human-maintained economic and ecological systems referred to as working landscapes is a rarity in the literature. Nonetheless, developing such comparisons is the end goal of this book. Altogether, 44 field scientists are contributing authors, with some appearing in multiple contributions, but others spelling out the sp...

Shrubs play an important role in water-limited agro-silvo-pastoral systems by providing shelter and forage for livestock, for erosion control, to maintain biodiversity, diversifying the landscape, and above all, facilitating the regeneration of trees. Furthermore, the carbon sink capacity of shrubs could also help to mitigate the effects of climate...

The effects of silvicultural treatments on carbon sequestration are poorly understood, particularly in areas like the Mediterranean where soil fertility is low and climatic conditions can be harsh. In order to improve our understanding of these effects, a long-term thinning experiment in a stand of Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)...

El pino piñonero, Pinus pinea L., es una especie característica de la cuenca Mediterránea, que ocupa cerca de 700.000 ha desde la Península Ibérica hasta Siria y Líbano. España cuenta con la mayor representación superficial del pino piñonero (475.000 ha), lo que justifica abordar la tarea de conocer de una manera profunda y descriptiva sus requerim...

The seeds of Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea, have been consumed by humans since the Paleolithic era. Similarly to edible seeds from other Eurasiatic or American pines, Mediterranean pine nuts and cones assumed early cultural, symbolic, and spiritual attributes by local cultures. They were represented in Neolithic rock paintings and sacred in...

To estimate forest carbon pools from forest inventories it is necessary to have biomass models or biomass expansion factors. In this study, tree biomass models were developed for the main hardwood forest species in Spain: Alnus glutinosa, Castanea sativa, Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus globulus, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus angustifolia, Olea europaea...

El conocimiento del impacto de la gestión forestal sobre los diversos compartimentos de carbono existentes en una masa forestal es prioritario para la sostenibilidad del aprovechamiento y gestión de los sistemas forestales. Con la aplicación de tratamientos selvícolas hay una serie de transformaciones en la masa como la reducción de biomasa en pie,...

Spanish dehesas and California ranchlands provide a diverse array of woodland-produced commodities, including forage, wood, acorns, habitat, game, and amenities. Several silvopastoral models exist for analyzing such production. An examination of management scenarios that include encouraging natural regeneration in dehesa is offered, and then compar...

Objetivos de la actuación: Conocer y cuantificar la respuesta de la masa a diferentes intensidades de primeras claras en términos de crecimiento en diámetro y altura, expansión de la copa, rebrote a lo largo del fuste y producción de bellota; Además, se pretende conocer los posibles efectos sobre la producción de pasto herbáceo y leñoso así como so...

This book presents a review of forest models developed in Spain in recent years for both, timber and non timber production and forest dynamics (regeneration, mortality,...). It reviews the key factors that regulate growth and demographic processes included in the described models with special emphasis on productivity, density and competition. The m...

Se presenta una revisión de los resultados obtenidos en el seguimiento de distintos dispositivos orientados al estudio de la producción de piña y piñón de Pinus pinea L. en la Meseta Norte. Se detecta un marcado patrón de variabilidad espacio temporal en la producción, identificando tanto las variables ecológicas (edáficas principalmente), de rodal...

Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L. cones have been recollected by man since Palaeolithic for their edible seeds, the Mediterranean pine nuts, today one of the most expensive nuts of the world. But little effort have been made for its proper domestication as a nut crop: no defined cultivars are known and nearly all the current stone pine nut p...

In this paper we present a review of forest models developed in Spain in recent years for both timber and non timber production and forest dynamics (regeneration, mortality,..). Models developed are whole stand, size (diameter) class and individual-tree. The models developed to date have been developed using data from permanent plots, experimental...

Quantifying the carbon balance in forests is one of the main challenges in forest management. Forest carbon stocks are usually estimated indirectly through biomass equations applied to forest inventories, frequently considering different tree biomass components. The aim of this study is to develop systems of equations for predicting tree biomass co...

A yield model was developed to simulate silviculture alternatives for Pinus pinea L. in north-east Spain (Catalonia). The model uses several functions to estimate the main silvicultural parameters at stand level and a disaggregation system to predict diameter distributions. From a network of 75 temporary plots a system of equations to predict stand...

Se ha desarrollado un modelo de masa como base para orientar la gestion de Pinus pinea L. en el noreste de Espana (Cataluna). El modelo integra diferentes funciones que permiten evaluar las principales variables forestales a nivel de rodal, incluyendo un sistema de desagregacion para la estimacion de las distribuciones diametricas. A partir de los...

Environmental variability and site productivity relationships, estimated by means of soil-site equations, are considered a milestone in decision making of forest management. The adequacy of silvicultural systems is related to tree response to environmental conditions. The objectives of this paper are to study climatic and edaphic variability in Med...