Grazyna Kowalewska

Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland · Marine Pollution Laboratory

Arctic climate changes are of global significance. This work investigates the influence of climate change on primary production and phytoplankton taxonomic composition in the western Spitsbergen fjords over the last century, using pigments in sediments. Nine sediment cores were analysed for chloropigment and carotenoid contents, and the five found...

The study was done to assess butyltin contamination in sediments of the Southern Baltic coastal zone, ten years after implementation of the total ban on harmful organotin use in antifouling paints. Sediment samples were collected from two seaports of international significance: the Port of Gdańsk and the Port of Gdynia, as well as from the Szczecin...

Plastics may leach out harmful chemicals, such as plastic additives and monomers, to the environment. This study focused on three intrinsic plastic-derived contaminants, viz. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), bisphenol A (BPA), and styrene, based on surface (0-5 cm) sediment samples taken from transition areas located in the human-impacted coasta...

Eutrophication is manifested by increased primary production leading to oxygen depletion in near‐bottom water and toxic cyanobacteria blooms. This is an important contemporary problem of the Baltic Sea and many other coastal waters. The present eutrophication is mainly ascribed to anthropogenic activity. To compare the present trophic state with th...

Hazardous substances entering the sea, and ultimately deposited in bottom sediments, pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems. The present study characterized two coastal areas exposed to significant anthropogenic impact - Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland), and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway) - by conducting a multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments...

The mean share of heterocystous cyanobacteria in total chlorophyll-a production in coastal waters, based on cyanobacterial marker carotenoid and chloropigments preserved in recent sediments (0–5 cm, ca 30 years), has been studied in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic) and for comparison in the Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (southern Norway). First of al...

In the Baltic Sea, diazotrophic cyanobacteria have been present for thousands of years, over the whole brackish water phase of the ecosystem. However, our knowledge about the species composition of the cyanobacterial community is limited to the last several decades. In the current study, the presence of species-specific chemical and genetic markers...

Pigments (chloropigments-a and carotenoids) in sediments and macroalgae samples, collected in Hornsund, in July 2015 and July 2016, were analysed (HPLC) in this work. In spite of the aerobic conditions and the periodic intensive solar irradiation in the Arctic environment, neither of which favour pigment preservation in water column and surface sed...

An analytical procedure for the analysis of carotenoids in marine sediments rich in organic matter has been developed. Analysis of these compounds is difficult; the application of methods used by other authors required optimization for the samples studied here. The analytical procedure involved multiple ultrasound-assisted extraction with acetone f...

Eutrophication in two different coastal areas – the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic) and the Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway) – both subject to human pressure and with restricted water exchange with adjacent seas, was investigated and compared. Sediment cores (up to 20cm long) were collected at 12 stations using a core sampler, 6 in each of the two...

Muscle and liver tissues of nine fish species were analyzed to assess butyltin and phenyltin contamination. The samples were collected from three basins located in the Southern Baltic Sea coastal zone that each represent different potential for organotin pollution. Maximum total concentrations of butyltin compounds (BTs) in the fish muscles and liv...

Sediment samples were collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk, and the Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons—all located in the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea—just after the total ban on using harmful organotins in antifouling paints on ships came into force, to assess their butyltin and phenyltin contamination extent. Altogether, 26 sampling stations were...

The aim of this work is to present a way of developing indices for assessing the dominant origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the basis of a case study in the Gulf of Gdańsk (SE Baltic). The indices were based on selected concentration ratios of both parent and alkylated PAHs found in reference matrices that are potential anthropog...

A field operable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor system was applied for the first time under real conditions for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as markers for petroleum hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea). At six stations, seawater samples were taken, and the sensor system was applied in situ si...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by GC/MS in suspended airborne PM10 particles collected at 4 sites in the Tricity agglomeration of northern Poland. This industrialized and densely populated area with distinctly seasonally variable weather conditions is located on the southern Baltic Sea coast. Daily concentrations of Σ12PAHs...

Chlorophyll-a and its derivatives in the recent sediments of nineteen sites from the southern coast of the Baltic, an eutrophic sea, were examined and compared to those of other regions of the world. This included the Venice Lagoon in Italy, Ardmucknish and Dunstaffnage Bays of Scotland and the southern coast of Florida (USA). High photoautotrophic...

Sediment samples were collected in two Polish ports of international significance--the Port of Gdańsk and the Port of Gdynia (Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea)--in order to assess their butyltin and phenyltin contamination; this was done in 2008, just after the total ban on using harmful organotins in antifouling paints on ships came into force. Altogeth...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in recent (0-10 cm) sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk during 2003-07 andcorrelated with environmental parameters. Located in the south-eastern part of the Baltic and receiving the waters of the River Wisła(Vistula), this area of negligible tides and strong anthropogenic stress, highly eutrophi...

The occurrence of chlorophyll a derivatives in a sediment core from the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) was investigated. The core (380cm long) was taken in the area with the highest sedimentation rate. Ninety-five sub-samples of the core were analysed for their pigment and organic carbon contents. Selected sections of the core were 14C-dated...

The occurrence of algae on the Sopot beach was investigated from 2004 to 2006 from the beach management point of view. Various methods were applied in an attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of algae on the shoreline. They included daily observations of the occurrence of macrophyta on the beach, absorption measurements o...

The aim of this work was to explore the possibilities of utilising the macroalgae accumulating on the Sopot beach, a part of the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea).During this work (2004-2006) a range of activities were undertaken: monitoring the occurrence of macroalgae, collection of plant material, taxonomic identification, laboratory analyses of conta...

This study investigated the action of natural microorganisms on the degradation (diagenesis) of chlorophyll a (Ch1 a). Unialgal cultures of the diatom "Chaetocerus gracilis" and the eustigmatophyte "Nannochloropsis occulata" were incubated with or without the addition of natural marine microorganisms in oxic (air) or anoxic (nitrogen sparge) condit...

The Gulf of Gdańsk receives the waters of the Wisła (Vistula), the largest Polish river and the second largest river flowing into the Baltic Sea. Chloropigments a (chlorophyll a and its derivatives) were determined in water and sediments from the Gulf. Samples were collected during cruises of R.V. 'Oceania' at 19 stations located at different water...

Mono- and dimethylphenanthrenes were determined in recent (0-10 cm) sedimentscollected at about 30 stations in the southern Baltic Sea from 1995 to 2001.The stations were located in the Szczecin Lagoon, the Pomeranian Bay, theBornholm Deep, the open sea (without the Bornholm and Gdańsk Deeps), theGdańsk Deep, and the Gulf of Gdańsk including the Wi...

The transformation of chlorophylla by two benthic bivalves – Dreissena polymorpha and Mytilus edulis and, for comparison, by the chironomid Chironomus plumosus – was examined. D. polymorpha is a suspension-feeding, freshwater but very salinity-tolerant species, M. edulis a suspension-feeding marine species, and C.␣plumosus a typical detritivorous f...

A method of quantitative comparison of eutrophication of an area is proposed for the Baltic Sea, based on pigment content in sediments. The pigments concerned were chlorins a (i.e. chlorophylls a, b and selected chlorophyll a derivatives) and chlorophylls c. The analyses were performed on 300 samples from different layers of recent (0–10 cm) sedime...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in marine samples of various types, i.e. seawater, sediment and mussel homogenate samples. The samples were spiked with standard PAH mixtures in both polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (i-octane) solvents, then extracted. Extraction from seawater was performed by liquid/liquid extraction to he...

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) attract attention as the main threat to human health and environment. The aim of this overview is to provide information on POPs included in the Stockholm Convention, which entered into force last year. Its consequences to environmental analysis, with special emphasis on the estuary - a unique aquatic environmen...

Chlorophyll a and its selected derivatives, as well as chlorophylls b and c have been determined in samples of recent (0-10 cm) sediments, collected at 30 stations in the Szczecin Lagoon, Pomeranian Bay and the Bornholm Deep. Samples were retrieved in different seasons between 1992 and 2001, including the time before and after the great flood of Ju...

The laboratory characterization of a field-operable surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor (SERS optode) is presented for the detection of aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater. The sensor has been developed for deployment with a robust underwater spectrograph. To meet the demands of the harsh seawater application, sol-gel derived SERS substrates wer...

A new type of multiparametric optical sensor system for in-situ measurements in seawater was tested under real conditions. Central to the system is an underwater core instrument (CI) which contains light sources and a multichannel spectrometer with CCD detector. The three optical sensors were connected to the instrument via optical fibres: a SERS o...

Eleven PCB congeners were determined in phytoplankton samples collected from the Odra Estuary at 9 stations in 2001-2002. The PCB concentrations were related to the temperature, turbidity, salinity, oxygen and redox potential of the water as well as to the pigment content in the samples. The results indicate that phytoplankton and the detritus deri...

This paper describes the transfer of organic contaminants to the sea, using PAHs (12 compounds) and PCBs (11 congeners) as examples, through a eutrophicated coastal lagoon (Szczecin Lagoon, on the Polish-German border). The transfer of contaminants study was based on their concentration in recent sediments (0-10 cm), in relation to different enviro...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been determined in recent [0-1(2), 1(2)-5 and 5-10 cm deep layers] sediments from different sites of the southern Baltic Sea, including the Szczecin Lagoon, collected from May 1996 to October 1999, i.e. before and after the great flood in Poland of July/August 1997. The PCB distribution has been correlated with...

Results of determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in different reference materials - marine sediments - are presented. The analyses were performed according to an analytical scheme based on already partially published procedures. The results are discussed in comparison with the certificated da...

Chlorophylls and their derivatives, as well as β-carotene, were determined in recent (0 to 10 cm, not older than 100 yr) and old (up to 600 cm, Ο8000 yr old) sediments from the Baltic Sea. The data are related to environmental conditions and historical data of exceptional meteorological events that have taken place in Poland and neighbouring countr...

The upper 6.8 metres of a long box core from the Gotland Basin have been analysed for different biogeochemical variables to infer changes in environmental settings during the last 7000 years (Litorina phase) represented by the upper 4.4m. We counted organic walled microfossil remains in 30 samples from the core, analysed pigments, and the concentra...

The paper presents the results of experiments to determine the influence of selected physico-chemical factors – oxygen, visible light and temperature – on the decomposition of (1) chlorophylls a, b and c, chlorophyll a derivatives and β-carotene in acetone solution, and (2) chlorophyll a and β-carotene in axenic cultures of the blue-green algae Ana...

The distributions of chlorin components as well as chlorophylls c and β-carotene in postglacial sediments (down to ca 5 m depth), collected from the Gotland Deep in July 1997, have been determined. The major pigments were similar to those identified in recent (0-10 cm) sediment extracts of the Gdansk Deep. High amounts of well preserved chlorins, i...

A method of isolation from marine sediments of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for the analysis by gas chromatography with electron capture detection is presented. The method was tested on Baltic sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk, using standard mixtures of 10 PCB congeners containing from 3 to 10 chlorine atoms in a molecule. Results are discusse...

This paper examines the phenomenon of Baltic phytoplankton blooms in a new light. They are investigated from the standpoint of the author's own studies of chlorophyll and its derivatives in deep Baltic sediments, and of the influence of inorganic and organic pollutants on unicellular algae. Algal blooms in the Baltic should be perceived as perfectl...

Deep sediments (to 660 cm) from the Baltic Sea, collected in 1996-1997, were analysed for content of chlorophyll a and its immediate derivatives (chlorins: phaeophytin, pyrophaeophytin, phaeophorbides and steryl chlorin esters) using the diode-array HPLC method. These compounds were generally well preserved. The concentrations of both particular an...

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by a diode-array HPLC method in recent (0-10 cm) sediments collected from the southern Baltic Sea in 1994-1996. The sum of the concentrations of 12 unsubstituted PAHs were from 10 to 7000 ng g-1 (d.w.) (av. 1830 ng g-1). It is proposed that, besides the most abundant individual PAHs and 'tota...

PAHs (12 compounds from phenanthrene to benzo(g,h,i)perylene) were determined in plankton samples collected from the southern Baltic Sea and the Oder Estuary (Szczecin Lagoon) in 1996. The maximum ΣPAH (sum of 12 PAHs) concentrations were 16 000 ng g-1, i.e. values about twice as high as the maximum levels in sediments of the southern Baltic and th...

Determinations of chlorophyll a and its derivatives (chlorins) as well as chlorophylls b, c and β-carotene in recent sediments (0-10 cm) of the southern Baltic Sea carried out in the years 1992-1996 are compiled. Correlations of the concentrations of chlorins with parameters such as the origin of a sample, oxygen in near-bottom waters (literature d...

Concentrations of 12 unsubstituted PAHs were determined in sediments of the Oder Estuary (Szczecin Lagoon), an exceptional aquatic basin on the Baltic coast, collected in 1996, i.e. before the flood of 1997. Four-ring PAHs (fluoranthene and pyrene) were the most abundant, six-ring PAHs the least abundant group of PAHs, as is the case in the coastal...

The work presents a method of isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the marine sediments, followed by PAHs determination in the extract by HPLC with a diode-array detector. The method was tested on the Baltic sediments of different regions, using the standard mixture of 16 unsubstituted PAHs. Results have been discussed basing o...

Sediments from different regions of the Baltic Sea, collected in the years 1992-1994, were analysed for chlorophyll c content by reversed-phase HPLC. For comparison, a series of samples from Spitsbergen fjords were also analysed. Diatom distribution was determined in selected samples. The total chlorophylls c in sediments is a very sensitive indica...

Sediments of the southern Baltic Sea were analysed for content of steryl chlorin esters, the chlorin compounds discovered recently in the marine environment. The chlorin esters occur in the Baltic sediments in substantial amounts and form a considerable fraction of the total chlorin content. Among the physicochemical parameters studied the highest...

Combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry studies of the pigment distributions of a variety of lake and marine sediments from different depositional settings reveal the presence of steryl chlorin esters as significant components of the chlorin assemblages. The components are water column transformation products of phytoplankton chlorophyll a...

Natural plankton samples were collected within June-November 1988 in the Southern Baltic. Species composition was determined and chlorophyll extracts from the samples were analysed for chlorophyll and copper content. The Cu content in extracts from those samples dominated by phytoplankton was considerable, especially during bloom (Cu/Mg ratio of up...

16th Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers, Kiel : proceedings. vol. 2, 596-612 Affiliation: Institute of Marine Research Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers. 16 Kiel 1988

Die Stabilit?tskonstanten der Titelkomplexe werden potentiometrisch an galvanischen Ketten des Typs A bestimmt und aus dem Gang dieser Konstanten sowie ihren Abh?ngigkeiten von den Metallperchloratmolalit?ten (l.5-3.0 mole kg") auf ihre Natur geschlossen.

Activity Coefficients and Association Equilibria of Mnßrg, Coßrg, NiBr" and Cußr, in Aqueous Solutions.

Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers, Gdynia 1984. 2, 601-608 Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers. 14 Gnydia 1984

15. conference of the Baltic oceanographers, Copenhagen, 18 November, 1986 : proceedings. 1, 304-315 Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers. 15 Copenhagen 1986

Polskie archiwum hydrobiologii, ISSN 0032-3764, vol. 34, nr. 1, 1-6

Polskie archiwum hydrobiologii, ISSN 0032-3764, vol. 34, nr. 2, 231-238

Oceanologia, ISSN 0078-3234, nr. 23, 65-76

Studia i materialy oceanologiczne. Zanieczyszczenie morza, ISSN 0208-421X, nr. 57, 5-16 The article presents the main groups of compounds-petroleum components from the point of view their chemical structure i.e. hydrocarbons and compounds of sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen. In the second part of the work physico-chemical parameters applied in describi...

Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers. Sopot, 29 Aug. 1994. Vol. 2. ISBN 83-900555-4-6, 619-621 The study concerns recent sediments collected in the southern Baltic Sea. Determination of the chlorine content was carried out by the HPLC method using a diode-array detector. Analysis of chlorins in sediments should be an indi...