Graeme Hubbert

Global Environmental Modelling and Monitoring Systems · Oceanographic Research and Consulting

Tropical cyclone-induced storm surges cause damaging impacts in coastal regions. The present study uses a stochastic cyclone modelling approach to evaluate the likelihoods of storm tides, the combination of storm surges and astronomical tides, for Samoa. Cyclones that occurred in the vicinity of Samoa from 1969 to 2009 are used to build a stochasti...

Current climate 1-in-100-year storm tide heights along the coast of Victoria, southeast Australia were estimated by combining probabilities of storm surge and tide heights determined from hydrodynamic modelling. For this return period, levels lie between 1 and 2 m above mean sea level along much of the coastline. Future climate 1-in-100-year storm...

The significant loss of wave energy due to seabed interaction in finite depths is a known effect and bottom friction terms are used in the wave models to account for this dissipation. In this paper, a new bottom-interaction function is tested by means of the SWAN model, based on measurements at two field sites, Lake George and Lakes Entrance, both...

An efficient approach for evaluating storm tide return levels along the southeastern coastline of Australia under present and future climate conditions is described. Storm surge height probabilities for the present climate are estimated using hydrodynamic model simulations of surges identified in recent tide gauge records. Tides are then accounted...

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

0749-0258. Rising sea levels and possible changes to extreme events due to global warming are creating concern about the potential impacts on low-lying coastal settlements. One such impact is inundation due to storm surges and high waves that occur during severe storms. The present study builds on a previous study on extreme sea levels due to storm...

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Global warming induced increases in mean sea level and possible changes to weather patterns that drive extremes of sea level such as storm surges are likely to increase the frequency and severity of coastal flooding and erosion in the future. Information about the present threat of storm surges and how this threat will change in t...

Cut-off lows that develop off the east coast of Australia are a major cause of elevated coastal sea levels in this region. Their duration often exceeds a day and the combination of elevated sea levels with the high rainfall that commonly accompanies these events means that coastal flooding can be a major hazard. The processes contributing to higher...

Comparisons of topographically surveyed debris lines and modelled inundation levels from two category 5 cyclones in Western Australia show close agreement. The largest differences between model predictions and surveyed debris occurred where wave run-up did not overtop the frontal sand dunes and was registered in the coastal landscape. Excellent agr...

A technique to evaluate the risk of storm tides (the combination of a storm surge and tide) under present and enhanced greenhouse conditions has been applied to Cairns on the north-eastern Australian coast. The technique combines a statistical model for cyclone occurrence with a state-of-the-art storm surge inundation model and involves the random...

The relationship between severe weather events and storm surges in Bass Strait is investigated. The sustained westerly or southwesterly winds that accompany cold fronts along the south coast are found to be the most common cause of storm surges, although the intensification of low pressure systems in Bass Strait can also produce surges in this regi...

A coastal ocean model capable of modelling tides, storm surge and the overland flow of floodwaters has been further developed to include the flux of water from tributaries and the forcing from wave breaking that leads to wave setup in the nearshore zone. The model is set up over the Gold Coast Broadwater on the east coast of Australia. This complex...

The purpose of this user's guide is to describe the steps needed to set up and run a tide model as pant of the Globally Relocatable Tide/Atmospheric Models System (PCTides). It includes detailed examples and instructions on how to set up a grid and model bathymetry, how to generate a tidal forecast using a 2- or 3-dimensional barotropic ocean model...

A high resolution storm surge inundation model has been developed to model coastal flooding due to storm surges. The storm surge model, which features a nesting capability and inundation algorithm, is described. The flooding and draining rate is dependent on the modelled current in adjacent 'wet' grid cells which ensures realistic and smoothly vary...

This article discusses the processes that contribute to storm surges and coastal flooding and describes numerical techniques used for modelling such processes, particularly with regard to overland coastal flooding. A storm surge model, which features a nesting capability and inundation algorithm, is described. The flooding and draining is dependent...

A severe thunderstorm affected Smithton, northwestern Tasmania, at 1700 UTC 21 November 1992, spawning an F3 tornado. The impact of the storm is described and its nature is assessed. The associated meteorological conditions are examined using conventional observations and modelled using a PC-based version of the operational Australian numerical wea...

A method is described for calculating ocean wind fields as required by wave and circulation models. Winds at the standard height of ten metres are derived from the Australian region primitive equation atmospheric model using a parametric boundary-layer model. The boundary-layer model consists of an outer similarity layer coupled with a logarithmic...

The flux of water through Bass Strait was measured with two sections of current meter moorings placed in the west of Bass Strait between Cape Otway and King Island, and King Island and Hunter Island, in the autumn and winter of 1984. The flux was found to be highly correlated with the local wind stress and the time gauges on the northern boundary....

The depth-averaged, numerical storm-surge model developed by Hubbert et al. (1990) has been configured to provide a stand-alone system to forecast tropical cyclone storm surges. The atmospheric surface pressure and surface winds are derived from the analytical-empirical model of Holland (1980) and require only cyclone positions, central pressures,...

A depth-integrated ocean-current model is developed to simulate currents and sea surface elevations on the Australian continental shelf. the nonlinear advective terms are included and the equations of motion are solved using an efficient split-explicit finite difference scheme, which yields accurate and stable results. the model predictions are com...

A depth-averaged numerical model is used to describe the tidal regime in Bass Strait. Tidal constants corresponding to the four major tidal constituents (M2, S2, O1 and K1) are calculated at the grid points of the model, and co-amplitude and co-phase contours drawn for each of the constituents. At 17 locations in Bass Strait, the computed tidal con...

A single-mode, HeNe 3.39 μm laudy has been made of the overlapping P(7)1, v3 methane line. The Galatry lineshape (involving collision-narrowing) is clearly verified, and the temperature dependence of the collision-broadened linewidth is at T−0.69 ± 0.4, as opposed to our previous determination of ∼T−1.

A determination of the self-broadened linewidth of methane at 2947.88 cm−1 has been made using a stabilized, single-mode helium-neon laser. The width at half-maximum has been found to be 0.16±0.01 cm−1 at atmospheric pressure. By taking into account neighbouring methane components, the variation of the absorption coefficient in the high-pressure re...

The self-broadened width of a methane line at 2947·88 cm-1 has been determined to be 0·15 ± 0·2 cm-1/atm by the use of a helium-neon laser. The strength of this line was measured to be 2·4 ± 0·3 atm-1 cm-2. By using the thermal expansion of the laser cavity, the measurement could be carried out at two frequencies.