Grace Bailey

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Data Scientist at Swansea University

Purpose of Review To review recent literature evaluating psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in dystonia, the two non-motor symptom groups most frequently evaluated in dystonia research and recognised in clinical practice. Recent Findings Recent work has embedded clinical recognition of psychiatric symptoms in dystonia, with depressive and anxiety-...

Background In the UK, a robust childhood immunisation programme ensures children are offered protection against serious infections; identifying inequalities in vaccination coverage is essential. This is one of the first data linkage studies to examine coverage of primary, as well as pre-school booster and second dose of MMR vaccines, in children re...

Children’s chances of contact with the child welfare system at different stages vary significantly by their ethnicity. This study goes beyond recent UK studies on the scale of ethnic differences in children in care or on protection plans by improving data completeness through data linkage, considering the ethnic patterns in the wider population of...

IntroductionWhen a child has suffered, or is at risk of suffering, significant harm from parents or caregivers, the local authority may issue Section 31 (s.31) Care and Supervision proceedings under the Children Act (1989). Objectives We compared the healthcare use of infants less than one year old subject to s.31 proceedings in Wales (n = 1,332),t...

This Data Explained summarises experiences and learnings from working with the Children in Need (CIN) and Children Receiving Care and Support (CRCS) datasets within the SAIL Databank.

Background The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) is an area-based deprivation measure comprising eight domains, produced by the Welsh Government to rank Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in Wales. Researchers use the WIMD to account for deprivation, however, as one domain contains health indicators, there is a risk of endogeneity bias...

This Data Explained summarises the content and potential limitations to users of the Welsh National Database for Substance Misuse (WNDSM) dataset. This is the primary dataset relating to individuals referred to, assessed and/or provided treatment within specialist substance misuse services in Wales. This paper aims to guide researchers who are in...

Children receiving social care services often experience lower educational attainment due to the adverse circumstances that lead to the need for social care, although intensive interventions may mitigate these disadvantages. To date, evidence on ethnic inequalities in education among children receiving social care services is limited. Using linked...

IntroductionLinkage of population-based administrative data is a powerful tool for studying important public issues. To overcome confidentiality and disclosure issues, records are de-identified and allocated a unique identifier. Within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, these are known as Anonymised Linking Fields (ALFs). As...

Objectives Childhood social care can lead to lifelong problems affecting health, educational attainment and other areas of a person’s life. Improving outcomes for children are therefore key policy objectives in many nations. The aim of this workshop was to inspire and drive forward life-course research on childhood social care internationally. Appr...

Objective To determine the prevalence of functional impairments in children with disabilities receiving care and support in Wales between 2016 and 2022, and to investigate risk factors associated with being placed in care amongst these children. Method This study used Children Receiving Care and Support (CRCS) Census records held in the Secure Anon...

Objective Substance misuse has a detrimental impact on an individual’s health and the wider society, as well as elevated mortality. Here, we analysed the association between substance misuse events across several healthcare service providers and risk of mortality. Approach In this retrospective population-based cohort study, we identified substan...

Objective Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder (FASD) and substance misuse (SM) related foetal anomalies are among the most severe consequences of SM during pregnancy. These are preventable lifelong developmental disorders that affect children’s health, education, and future prospects. Despite the adverse effects of these disorders, epidemiological res...

While motor and psychiatric phenotypes in idiopathic dystonia are increasingly well understood, a few studies have examined the rate, type, and temporal pattern of other clinical co-morbidities in dystonia. Here, we determine the rates of clinical diagnoses across 13 broad systems-based diagnostic groups, comparing an overall idiopathic dystonia co...

Background Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with key motor network dysfunction implicated in pathophysiology. The UK Biobank encompasses > 500,000 participants, of whom 42,565 underwent brain MRI scanning. This study applied an optimized pre-processing pipeline, aimed at better accounting for artifact and improving data reliability, to...

Background Sleep disturbance is an increasingly recognized non‐motor trait in dystonia, with varying findings reported to date. Here, we examine sleep in a UK Biobank derived dystonia cohort using subjective self‐reported sleep symptoms and objective accelerometer‐derived sleep measures, with comparison to a control population. Methods A total of...

Background Up to 70% of individuals diagnosed with adult-onset idiopathic focal cervical dystonia (AOIFCD) report difficulties with sleep. Larger cohort studies using wrist-worn accelerometer devices have emerged as an alternative to smaller polysomnography studies, in order to evaluate sleep architecture. Methods To measure activity during the sl...

Background: Although psychiatric diagnoses are recognised in idiopathic dystonia, no previous studies have examined the temporal relationship between idiopathic dystonia and psychiatric diagnoses at scale. Objectives: Here, we determine rates of psychiatric diagnoses and psychiatric medication prescription in those diagnosed with idiopathic dyst...

The spectrum of non-motor symptoms in dystonia remains unclear. Using UK Biobank data, we analysed clinical phenotypic and genetic information in the largest dystonia cohort reported to date. Case–control comparison of dystonia and matched control cohort was undertaken to identify domains (psychiatric, pain, sleep and cognition) of increased sympto...

Background and objectives: Accurate epidemiological information is essential for the improved understanding of dystonia syndromes, as well as better provisioning of clinical services and providing context for diagnostic decision-making. Here, we determine epidemiological, social deprivation and mortality characteristics of adult-onset idiopathic d...

Background: Non‐motor symptoms are well established phenotypic components of adult‐onset idiopathic, isolated, focal cervical dystonia (AOIFCD). However, improved understanding of their clinical heterogeneity is needed to better target therapeutic intervention. Here, we examine non‐motor phenotypic features to identify possible AOIFCD subgroups. Me...

Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are central features of many movement disorders, exacerbating motor and non-motor symptoms and impairing quality of life. Understanding these disturbances to sleep is clinically important and may further our understanding of the underlying movement disorder. This review evaluates the current anatomical and ne...