Gordon Fisher

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• PhD
• Professor (Full) at University of Alabama at Birmingham

Dakota USA 1 REVIEW Aging and energetics' 'Top 40' future research opportunities 2010-2013 [v1; ref status: indexed, Abstract : As part of a coordinated effort to expand our research activity at Background the interface of Aging and Energetics a team of investigators at The University of Alabama at Birmingham systematically assayed and catalogued t...

Previously we have shown that systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases in African American (AA) women but decreases in European American (EA) women ≈22 h after a high-intensity exercise bout, suggesting delayed recovery in the AA women. We, therefore, sought to determine whether myofiber type, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and mitochondrial co...

Oxidative stress plays a role in vascular dysfunction and cardiometabolic health. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma/FRAP) and hemodynamic measures: systolic blood pressure (∆SBP), diastolic blood pressure (∆DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (∆...

BACKGROUND Wheelchair users (WCU) live predominantly sedentary lifestyles and have a substantially higher risk for cardiometabolic disease and mortality compared to people without disabilities. Exercise training has been found to be effective in improving cardiometabolic health outcomes among people without disabilities but research on WCU is limit...

Background Wheelchair users live predominantly sedentary lifestyles and have a substantially higher risk for cardiometabolic disease and mortality compared to people without disabilities. Exercise training has been found to be effective in improving cardiometabolic health (CMH) outcomes among people without disabilities, but research on wheelchair...

Physical inactivity and poor dietary choices contribute to the rise in cardiometabolic diseases in the United States. It remains critical to identify strategies that may mitigate the negative impact of these behaviors. Several studies have shown that the consumption of dietary inorganic nitrate may improve vascular health and glucose regulation in...

Background Children with mobility disabilities, including those with cerebral palsy, have limited options and limited time to exercise to manage their cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. Regular cardiovascular exercise during childhood is a critical health behavior for preventing health decline in adulthood. Thus, there is an urge...

BACKGROUND Children with mobility disabilities, including those with cerebral palsy, have limited options and limited time to exercise to manage their cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. Regular cardiovascular exercise during childhood is a critical health behavior for preventing health decline in adulthood. Thus, there is an urge...

Exogenous ketone ester and ketone ester mixed with ketone free acid formulations are rapidly entering the commercial marketspace. Short-term animal and human studies using these products suggest significant potential for primary or secondary prevention of a number of chronic disease conditions. However, a number of questions need to be addressed by...

Background Conventional progressive concentric strengthening exercise (CSE) to improve bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) may not be feasible for populations with chronic musculoskeletal and/or metabolic conditions, such as osteoporosis or obesity. Muscle lengthening exercise, also known as an eccentric strengthening exercise...

The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is used to evaluate the fitness level of potential Cadets for military readiness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise training program implemented by an Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program to gauge the performance metrics of the ACFT. METHODS Twenty-six st...

Background The number of exercise trials examining cardiometabolic outcomes in spinal cord injury (SCI) is low, and prescribed exercise is often inconvenient for individuals with SCI to perform within their community. Individuals with SCI experience a myriad of barriers to exercise participation, which can include a lack of time, accessible or usab...

Until recently the majority of individuals with SCI had significantly shorter life spans when compared to the general population, however, improvements in acute and chronic medical treatment have increased survival length but it has also increased the risk of aging-associated chronic diseases. This has imposed new challenges to treatment as individ...

Background Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure with hemodynamic values and identify factors that ma...

Objective: Insulin sensitivity is lower in African American (AA) versus Caucasian American (CA). We tested the hypothesis that lower insulin sensitivity in AA could be explained by mitochondrial respiratory rates, coupling efficiency, myofiber composition, or H2 O2 emission. A secondary aim was to determine whether sex affected the results. Metho...

Reduction of salivary nitrate to nitrite by oral nitrate reductase (NR) expressing bacteria has emerged as an integral pathway in regulating nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis and signaling. The oral microbiome is critical for this pathway. Variations in this pathway may underlie variable responses in the magnitude by which dietary or therapeutic nitrat...

Background: Exercise training improves health outcomes in individuals with obesity (IO); however, it remains challenging for IO to adhere to exercise. Thus, it is critical to identify novel strategies that improve exercise tolerance (ET) and adherence in IO. Beetroot juice (BRJ), high in inorganic dietary nitrate, consistently improves exercise pe...

Background: Race differences in body composition and fat distribution may in part explain the differences in insulin sensitivity and the disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes in African Americans. Objective: To determine if differences in body composition and fat distribution explain race differences in insulin sensitivity and identify obes...

Introduction/purpose: Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been shown to improve mitochondrial bioenergetics and upregulate proteins related to lipid metabolism. However, it remains to be determined if these alterations associated with AET persist when measured in energy balance (EB) in the days after the last bout of training. The purpose of the s...

Purpose: Aerobic capacity is negatively related to locomotion economy. The purpose of the paper is to determine what effects aerobic exercise training has on the relationship between net cycling oxygen uptake (inverse of economy) and aerobic capacity (VO2peak) as well as what role mitochondrial coupled and uncoupled respiration may play in whole b...

Hunter, GR, Neumeier, WH, Chandler-Laney, PC, Carter, SJ, Borges, JH, Hornbuckle, LM, Plaisance, EP, and Fisher, G. Ratings of perceived exertion during walking predicts endurance independent of physiological effort in older women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-This study aimed to determine whether ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and...

Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates MitoEAGLE Task Group

Background: Recent studies in nondisabled individuals have demonstrated that low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve cardiometabolic health similar to moderate-intensity training (MIT) despite requiring 20% of the overall time commitment. To date, there have been no studies assessing the effects of HIIT for improving cardiome...

Sarcopenia not only affects the ability to lead an active lifestyle but also contributes to increased obesity, reduced quality of life, osteoporosis, and metabolic health, in part due to reduced locomotion economy and ease. On the other hand, increased obesity, decreased quality of life, and reduced metabolic health also contribute to sarcopenia. e...

Exercise is known to improve insulin sensitivity (SI), however studies to date have been confounded by negative energy deficits following exercise. Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of 8-16 weeks of aerobic exercise training on the SI of untrained women under rigorously controlled energy balanced conditions. Th...

Youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate deficits in lean mass (LM) placing them at increased risk for future health problems, including reduction of bone mass and impaired bone architecture. Research suggests that deficits in LM are multifactorial, including influences from the disease and its treatment, and health behaviors such as...

The dietary R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐R‐1,3‐butanediol monoester increases resting energy expenditure (REE) and markers of brown and white adipose thermogenesis in lean mice. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the ketone ester, R,S‐1,3‐butanediol diacetoacetate (BD‐AcAc2), increases energy expenditure and markers of adipose tissue...

Hunter, GR, Fisher, G, Bryan, DR, Borges, JH, and Carter, SJ. Divergent blood pressure response after high-intensity interval exercise: a signal of delayed recovery? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The objective of this commentary is to highlight potential factors influential to the adaptation of high-intensity exercise. Herein, we present...

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) comprise a growing global burden on healthcare and financial resources, particularly as a function of the Westernization of diets and reduced activity levels across the world. The mitochondria within our cells are the end users of products of the metabolism of nutrients that we consume in order to meet our energeti...

Higher in vivo fatty acid (FA) oxidation rates have been reported in obese individuals compared to lean counterparts; however whether this reflects a shift in substrate-specific oxidative capacity at the level of the skeletal muscle mitochondria has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in situ measures of ske...

Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissu...

Background: Acute metabolic demands that promote excessive and/or prolonged reactive oxygen species production may stimulate changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Purpose: To assess changes in skeletal muscle H2O2 production, mitochondrial function, and expression of genes at the mRNA and protein levels regulating energy metabolism and mi...

Purpose: Cardiometabolic disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed nations. Consequently, identifying and understanding factors associated with underlying pathophysiological processes leading to chronic cardio metabolic conditions is critical. Metabolic health, arterial elasticity, and insulin sensitivity (SI) may imp...

Introduction: Resting energy expenditure (REE) increases following intense exercise; however, little is known concerning mechanisms. Purpose: Determine effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (MIC), or high intensity interval exercise (HII) on REE under energy balance conditions. Methods: Thirty-three untrain...

Age-related declines in health and function make locomotion increasingly difficult leading to reductions in non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), skeletal muscle size and strength, and increased adiposity. Exercise is an important strategy to attenuate loss of function through the life cycle. Despite claims to the contrary, high-intensity exe...

African American (AA) and European American (EA) women often exhibit differences in hemoglobin (Hb) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], both of which can be altered by calorie restriction leading to weight loss. Given these known differences it is of clinical interest to examine the potential for race-specific, adverse responses to weight loss. Sixt...

Purpose Aerobic exercise is known to transiently lower blood pressure and improve arterial function. However, limited research has evaluated blood pressure and small arterial elasticity (SAE), an index of endothelial function, among African American (AA) and European American (EA) women the morning after (≈22 hours later) acute bouts of moderate‐in...

Background Resistant starch (RS) is a type of dietary fiber that can improve glucose metabolism, but its effects may be modulated by sex or baseline insulin sensitivity. This study was designed to examine the effect of high-amylose maize resistant starch (HAM-RS2) on insulin sensitivity (SI) in women, and to determine if SI status affects the respo...

Due to the rise in obesity and obesity-related conditions, there is growing commercial and public interest in foods and food components that promote health and lower risk of chronic metabolic diseases. Resistant starch (RS) is a non-viscous fermentable fiber that has beneficial metabolic effects on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and colon...

Resistant starch (RS) is a type of dietary fiber that can improve glucose metabolism, but its effects may be modulated by sex or baseline insulin sensitivity. This study was designed to examine the effect of high-amylose maize resistant starch (HAM-RS2) on insulin sensitivity (S I ) in women, and to determine if S I status affects the response to R...

Aerobic exercise transiently lowers blood pressure. However, limited research has concurrently evaluated blood pressure and small arterial elasticity (SAE), an index of endothelial function, among African American (AA) and European American (EA) women the morning after (i.e., ≈22 h later) acute bouts of moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) and high-...

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of weight loss and weight regain on accuracy of perceived exertion (APE) in previously overweight African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. Methods: Formerly overweight women (n = 102, age 20-44 years) completed a weight loss program to achieve BMI < 25 kg/m(2) . Physiological variable...

Purpose: To compare the effects of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MIT) for improving body composition, insulin sensitivity (SI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and cardiovascular fitness in a cohort of sedentary overweight or obese young men. We hypothesized that HIIT would result in...

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of nearly all chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In order to maintain redox homeostasis, exogenous antioxidants can be consumed in the diet and endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), can be produced within the cells. Antio...

Low hemoglobin (Hb) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease, thus, variables known to influence Hb are of clinical relevance. We examined the interrelationships of testosterone, erythropoietin (EPO), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Hb before and after weight loss. Overweight African American (AA) and European American (EA) women were provided a...

The purpose of this investigation is to develop a potential model for how muscle fiber type, Achilles tendon length, stretch shortening cycle potentiation (SSCP), and leg strength interact with running economy. Twenty trained male distance runners 24-40 years of age served as subjects. Running economy (net oxygen uptake) was measured while running...

Determine the effects of aerobic or resistance training on activity related energy expenditure (AEE, kcal/d) and physical activity index (ARTE) following weight loss. It was hypothesized that weight loss without exercise training would be accompanied by a decrease in AEE, ARTE, and non-training physical activity energy expenditure (NEAT) and that e...

Background: As part of a coordinated effort to expand our research activity at the interface of Aging and Energetics a team of investigators at The University of Alabama at Birmingham systematically assayed and catalogued the top research priorities identified in leading publications in that domain, believing the result would be useful to the scien...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if differences in inflammatory cytokines exist between fat-free mass responders versus non-responders following a combined resistance/aerobic training program in older women. Fifty women over 60 years old, mean BMI 27 ± 4 (kg/m²) and physically untrained, participated in a combined training program...

Purpose of review: Despite evidence that energy deficit produces multiple physiological and metabolic benefits, clinicians are often reluctant to prescribe weight loss in older individuals or those with low bone mineral density (BMD), fearing BMD will be decreased. Confusion exists concerning the effects that weight loss has on bone health. Recen...

Postprandial hyperlipemia produces long-term derangements in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, vascular endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and sympathetic hyperactivity which are strongly linked to atherogenesis. The purpose of this review is to (1) provide a qualitative analysis of the available literature examining the dysregulation of post...

Recent studies have reported a strong association between blood pressure (BP) and resting energy expenditure (REE). However, it is not known whether this relationship persists over time. Therefore, the authors examined the temporal relationship between REE and systolic BP. In addition, the impact of sympathetic tone and anthropometric variables on...

Arterial health may influence muscle function in older adults. Study purpose was to determine whether arterial elasticity is related to strength, central and peripheral fatigue, fatigue at rest, and treadmill endurance. Subjects were 91 healthy women aged >60. Treadmill endurance and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) were measured. Peripheral and cen...

To examine the effects of three different frequencies of combined resistance and aerobic training on total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) in a group of older adults. Seventy-two women, 60-74 yr old, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1 d·wk of aerobic training and 1 d·wk of resistance training (1...

Given the protective roles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D or vitamin D) in musculoskeletal health and the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases, intensive repletion of vitamin D has been widely advocated. Of note, CD8 T cells have the highest levels of the vitamin D receptor comp...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether combined (aerobic and anaerobic) training decreases blood pressure (BP) and improves vascular properties. Seventy-nine postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to 3 groups that trained at different frequencies. Maximum oxygen uptake, body composition, BP, and arterial elasticity were evaluated p...

Objective: This study compared BMD relative to body weight following a ∼6-month weight loss program and a 1-year weight maintenance phase in premenopausal women and determined whether African American (AA) and European-American (EA) women's BMD respond similarly during weight loss. Design and methods: Premenopausal women (n = 115, 34 ± 5 years)...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute low-dose celecoxib administration on exercise-induced inflammation, muscle damage and lipid peroxidation. Twenty healthy untrained males (age: 25.5±4.5 yrs, weight: 72.7±7.9 kg, height: 177.3±7.2 cm) were randomly assigned to treatment (T) or placebo (P) groups. Blood samples were obtaine...

PURPOSE:: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal frequency of combined aerobic and resistance training for improving muscular strength (MS), cardiovascular fitness (CF), and functional tasks (FT) in women over 60 yrs of age. METHODS:: Sixty-three women were randomly assigned to one of 3 exercise training groups. Group 1 performed one re...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the associations between circulating markers of inflammation and arterial elasticity in healthy older women. Participants were 50 women older than 60 years of age, body mass index 27±4, and physically untrained. Large artery elasticity, small artery elasticity, systemic vascular resistance, total vas...

Elevated serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Ethnic differences in serum hs-CRP and 25(OH)D concentrations and CVD are known. to investigate the ethnic differences in hs-CRP concentrations, to assess the influence of 25(OH)D o...

The independent effects of exercise and weight loss on markers of inflammation (MOI) in obese individuals have not been clearly characterized. The objectives of this study were to: (i) identify the independent effects of exercise and weight loss on MOI and (ii) determine whether changes in MOI were associated with changes in fat distribution. Subje...