Gordon Cleveland

University of Toronto | U of T · Department of Economics

Executive Summary of a comprehensive economic study of the best ways to improve affordability of licensed child care in Ontario, Canada.

This comprehensive economic study recommends that implementing free preschool child care is the next BIG step to take in making child care affordable. It bases this recommendation on detailed concrete analysis of existing levels of affordability and capacity, and on simulations of the likely impact of alternative child care policies on demand, empl...

The Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) is an observational instrument assessing the nature of everyday interactions in educational settings. The instrument has strong theoretical groundings; however, prior empirical validation of the CLASS has exposed some psychometric weaknesses. Further the instrument has not been the subject of psychome...

HIGH-QUALITY EARLY CHILDHOOD education and care (ECEC) programs have the potential to ameliorate socioeconomic status (SES) gradients. In the Australian ECEC market, however, there is no guarantee that children from low SES backgrounds access high-quality ECEC programs. This study tested the in uence of family SES on the selection of ECEC program q...

This is a detailed technical report explaining how the child care demand and affordability models have been constructed, and how additional data was gathered through eight focus groups and a survey of families in the City of Toronto.

ABSTRACT Research Findings: This article provides Australian evidence of the availabil- ity and quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services in low–socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods. There is less availability of ECEC in low-SES areas in Australia, and these programs provide a lower average quality of care than in more advan...

Inequality is pervasive and is associated with poorer developmental outcomes for children. There is a socioeconomic status (SES) gradient for health, education, intellectual, and social and emotional outcomes that begins in the earliest years of life and is maintained over time. It is regularly argued that participation in early childhood education...

Starting Strong (2001) and Starting Strong II (2006), the OECD Reports on early childhood education services in 20 countries, emphasized the need for governments to take steps to integrate early childhood education and care services: child care and kindergarten in particular. Integration has become a policy agenda that would meld the best of both w...

This paper reports conclusions about the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services from E4Kids, a large-scale longitudinal study of three types of ECEC services in two Australian states. A little more than 250 preschool classrooms had complete data in 2010; two measures of ECEC quality were applied-the CLASS and selected subscal...

Dr. Gordon Cleveland is an Economist in the Department of Management at University of Toronto Scarborough and Honorary Senior Fellow at the Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne. He has devoted his research career as an economist to analyzing the economics of early childhood education. With co-authors, he has studied the costs and b...

Nonprofit child care centers are frequently observed to produce child care which is, on average, of higher quality than care provided in commercial child care centers. In part, this nonprofit advantage is due to different input choices made by nonprofit centers—lower child-staff ratios, better-educated staff and directors, higher rates of professio...

This paper examines eight myths often used to argue against public support for early childhood education and care. Its main objective is to respond to these eight myths, to subject them and associated research to critical scrutiny, and to respond in a popular fashion. Research evidence and logic are combined to provide a readable, economically-orie...

Recent social assistance reforms appear to have reduced welfare rolls, but the effects on the well-being of those families and their children are less clear. Using simulations based on Canadian data, we find that some currently favored alternatives turn out to be effective in encouraging employment but punitive to families. Increased subsidization...

Empirical evidence presented in this paper, based on survey data for Canadian childcare workers in 1991, contradicts most stereotypes of the childcare labor market. Although childcare labor was low-wage, the authors find that the union impact on wages (15%) and fringe benefits was in line with union effects found in other, better-compensated work,...

Based on the premise that Canada needs to collect, collate, analyze, and disseminate reliable data on early childhood education and care (ECEC) programs that are comparable across provinces/territories and that good data are fundamental for informing policy, research, and service delivery, the National Data Project was funded in 2000-2001 to produc...

This report concerns financing issues in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in OECD countries. It reviews: − The case for public investment in ECEC – in other words, the benefits and costs of public investment in early childhood services; − An analytical classification of the main funding mechanisms used in different OECD countries for fundi...

Child care workers receive low hourly pay, modest returns to education, experience and job tenure, and have high rates of turnover. These stylized facts have caused analysts to characterize child care workers as secondary labour market participants. We use Canadian data to challenge this characterization and to examine the disputed effects of auspi...

This report details an assessment of the economic impact of a major investment of public money in good quality child care for Canadian children 2 to 5 years of age. Chapter 1 provides an extended discussion of the background and techniques of economic analysis used to make judgments about the economic benefits and costs of child care. Chapter 2 rev...

The authors estimate the joint decision for women with preschool children to engage in paid employment and to purchase market forms of child care. The results confirm those found in most U.S. studies, indicating that child care costs exert a significant negative effect on the labor supply of women with children and on their decision to purchase chi...

University Microfilms order no. UMI00278164. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 1990. Includes bibliographical references.