
Gopu R PottyUniversity of Rhode Island | URI · College of Engineering
Gopu R Potty
PhD
About
226
Publications
15,846
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
992
Citations
Introduction
Additional affiliations
June 2000 - present
Publications
Publications (226)
Deep Learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been widely used recently in underwater acoustics applications including target recognition, passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals, parameter estimation, etc. In many of these applications, spectrogram images are used to train the algorithms to identify the unique fea...
The report provides recommendations on research methodologies to address fishes and aquatic invertebrates behavioral and physiological effects from particle motion and substrate-borne vibration exposure.
The Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (CVOW) consists of two turbines roughly 40 km off the coast of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Water- and seabed-borne acoustic signals from impact pile driving at CVOW were recorded during the installation of these turbines in May 2020. In-water pressure signals were measured using two vertical line arrays (VLAs) at ra...
Shallow Water Acoustic Vector Sensor Array AutoNomous System (SVAAN) is a passive acoustic monitoring system using vector sensors. Acoustic vector sensors measure acoustic pressure and particle velocity, and an array of such sensors are very useful in underwater source localization. SVAAN is thus developed for surveillance applications in coastal w...
The New England Mud Patch (NEMP), located off the coast of Massachusetts, comprises at least four distinguishable sediment layers. The upper-most is a relatively thin, fluid-like layer (1) of mud. Below that lies more rigid mud (2) that has varying physical properties with depth. Below the mud is a sand layer (3) with a thickness of approximately 1...
The New England Seamounts are located off the coast of Cape Cod. The Atlantis II Seamount, 400 miles southeast of Woods Hole, was the site of the recent New England Seamount Acoustics (NESMA) experiment during April–June of 2023. This seamount and others nearby contain complicated bathymetry with the Atlantis II peak rising roughly 3300 m from the...
New England Mud Patch was the site of the Seabed Characterization Experiment in multiple years (2017, 2021, and 2022). This site is characterized by a layer of very fine grained surficial sediment layer over sand. Analysis of broadband data measured on the ocean bottom recorders (OBXs) and hydrophones will be discussed. OBX is a geophone–hydrophone...
As part of the New England Seamount Acoustics (NESMA) project in 2023, experiments were conducted over the Atlantis II Seamount. A total of 216 Signal Underwater Sound (SUS) broadband explosives (150 1.1 oz and 66 1.8 lb net explosive weight) were deployed at multiple locations and two different design depths around the seamount. An acoustic record...
As a part of the Seabed Characterization Experiment carried out in May 2022 in the New England Mud Patch, Scholte and Stoneley waves in the seabed were generated by the interface wave sediment profiler (iWaSP), a piezoelectric bender beam transducer. The iWaSP was deployed four times during in May. These waves were received at ranges of 40–100 m by...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
The rupture induced, underwater sound source (RIUSS) is a device utilized in underwater acoustics experiments and surveys to create high amplitude, broadband acoustic pulses. The device functions by placing a rupture disk over an evacuated chamber and mechanically breaking the disk (either by striking on demand or via hydr...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Underwater acoustics is one of the primary areas of emphasis in the Ocean Engineering Department at the University of Rhode Island, the first Ocean Engineering program in the United States. The program offers Bachelors, Masters (thesis and non-thesis options) and PhD degrees in Ocean Engineering. These programs are based a...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Experiments were conducted on the New England Mud Patch in 2017, 2021, and 2022. The 2017 Seabed Characterization Experiment (SBCEX17) utilized Signal Underwater Sound (SUS) charges, model Mk64, to produce an impulsive acoustic waveform. However, recent work in 2022 has additionally utilized the Rupture Induced Underwater...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
The New England Mud Patch is a 13,000 square kilometer area south of Martha’s Vineyard and covered by a layer of fine-grained sediments. The water depth is about 70 meters. Below the mud is a sand layer with compressional sound speed of 1745 m/s. (Bonnel, et al., 2018) Scholte and Stoneley waves were generated by the Inter...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Broadband sources such as SUS charges and Rupture Induced, Underwater Sound Sources (RIUSS) were deployed in the New England Mud Patch in support of the 2022 Seabed Characterization Experiment. Data measured on the Ocean Bottom Recorders (OBX) and hydrophones will be discussed. Five OBXs were deployed on the seabed and fou...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
During a recent ONR experiment on the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf (i.e. New England Bight), a series of earthquakes occurred roughly 120 km from the 40 km × 20 km experimental area. A strong signal from these earthquakes was received by near-bottom vector sensors (the intensity vector acoustic recorders, IVARs) an...
Fibre optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) systems provide vibration response information comparable to accelerometers, geophones, and seismometers and may become widely used for infrastructure monitoring. DAS can be used to monitor earthquake activity, carbon sequestration, pipelines, and roadway/railway subgrade integrity, however little is k...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
A suite of hydrophone arrays was deployed to monitor pile driving sound and seafloor particle motion during construction of two wind turbine towers in the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (CVOW) project in May 2020. The primary objective of this passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) work was to assess the effectiveness of bubble...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Impact pile driving creates intense, impulsive sound that radiates into the surrounding environment. Piles driven vertically into the seabed generate an azimuthally symmetric underwater sound field whereas piles driven on an angle will generate an azimuthally dependent sound field. Measurements were made during impact pile...
The three-dimensional (3D) propagation effects of horizontal refraction and diffraction were measured on a tetrahedral hydrophone array deployed near the coast of Block Island, RI. Linear frequency modulated chirp signals, centered at 1 kHz with a 400 Hz bandwidth, were transmitted from a ship moving out of the acoustic shadow zone blocked by the i...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity were made during the Seabed Characterization Experiment (SBCEX-2017) in the New England Mud Patch south of Cape Cod in about 70 m of water. This experimental location is characterized by a “soft” layer of surficial sediment consisting of mud. University of Rhode Islan...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Geoacoustic inversion methods can be broadly divided into two categories. Fixed-dimensional methods are based on the assumption of a known environmental parametrization, including the number of seabed layers. Trans-dimensional (trans-D) methods estimate the environmental parametrization as part of the inverse problem. Alth...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Fin whale doublet calls, described as two 20-Hz pulses recorded at different interpulse intervals, have been attributed to the whale's calling behavior, however they could also result from acoustic mode propagation effects. Modes travel with their own frequency-dependent group velocities. The dispersion of these modes resu...
This article proposes a transdimensional (trans-D) geoacoustic inversion method adapted to range-dependent (RD) propagation tracks based on prior information from a high-resolution seismic survey. Most trans-D inversions to date model the seabed as a stack of range-independent homogeneous layers, with unknown geoacoustic parameters and an unknown n...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity were made during the Seabed Characterization Experiment (SCEx) in the New England Mud Patch south of Cape Cod in about 70 m of water. The University of Rhode Island and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution deployed the “geosled” with a four-element geophone array, a t...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
This talk will provide an overview of the research carried out in ocean acoustics in India. The topics of special interest for international collaboration identified by some of the institutions involved in ocean acoustics research will be highlighted. The status of underwater acoustics education in India will be reviewed....
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
The Airy phase region corresponding the minimum group velocity of the dispersive acoustic normal modes in shallow water are extremely sensitive to bottom properties. The group speed minima and the associated frequency data for two lower order modes were used to train a neural network to predict the bottom parameters in a p...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the particle motion data recorded on geophones and ocean bottom seismometers (OBXs) at various shallow water (water depth ∼30 m) locations in the U.S. east coast near offshore wind farms. The Block Island, Rhode Island site was the location of the first offshore wind farm in the United States. Data were...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
The Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (CVOW) pilot project consists of two 6-megawatt wind turbines located 27 miles off the coast of Virginia Beach, VA. Monopile foundations with a diameter of 7.8 m at the seafloor were installed via impact pile driving on two separate days during May 2020. A double bubble curtain was used d...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Underwater acoustics is one of the primary areas of emphasis in the Ocean Engineering Department at the University of Rhode Island, the first Ocean Engineering program in the United States. The program offers Bachelors, Masters (thesis and non-thesis options) and Ph.D. degrees in Ocean Engineering. These programs are based...
Impact pile driving creates intense, impulsive sound that radiates into the surrounding environment. Piles driven vertically into the seabed generate an azimuthally symmetric underwater sound field whereas piles driven on an angle will generate an azimuthally dependent sound field. Measurements were made during pile driving of raked piles to secure...
The papers in this special issue focus on the rapidly evolving techniques on shallow water acoustic communications, and how underwater acoustic (UWA) propagation models based on shallow water physics may be harnessed with signal processing techniques for high-resolution channel estimation, equalization, and resolving cross-layer challenges to achie...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
In previous work, we showed that we could localize sound sources using a compact tetrahedral hydrophone array in a continental shelf environment south of Block Island, Rhode Island. The tetrahedral array of phones, 0.5 m on a side, was deployed to monitor the construction and operation of the first offshore wind farm in th...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Modal dispersion of broadband acoustic data has been used extensively to estimate the geoacoustic parameters using perturbation techniques (Rajan et al., 1987), non-linear inversion techniques (Potty et al., 2000) and Bayesian inference (Warner et al., 2015). The Airy phase region corresponding the minimum group velocity o...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
In March 2017, instruments including a tetrahedral hydrophone array and vertically gimbaled geophones were deployed during the Seabed Characterization Experiment in the New England Mudpatch south of Martha’s Vineyard. The water depth at the location was about 70 m and a 6-m-thick layer of fine-grained sediments overlays sa...
The three-dimensional Monterey–Miami parabolic equation model is used to simulate a nonlinear internal wave (NIW) crossing the sound field in a shallow water environment. The impetus for this research stems from acoustic measurements taken during the Shallow Water '06 (SW06) field experiment, where a NIW traversed the water column such that soliton...
The sea bottom is generally modeled as a fluid for many of the shallow water acoustic propagation modeling applications. The inherent assumption is that the bottom does not support any shear wave propagation. This study explores the impact of this assumption on the dispersion behavior of acoustic normal modes. A sensitivity study is performed to in...
A three-dimensional underwater sound propagation model with realistic ocean environmental conditions has been created for assessing the impacts of noise from offshore wind farm construction and operation. This model utilizes an existing accurate numerical solution scheme to solve the three-dimensional Helmholtz wave equation, and it is compared and...
Underwater acoustics is one of the primary areas of emphasis in the Ocean Engineering Department at the University of Rhode Island, the first Ocean Engineering program in the United States. The program offers Bachelors, Masters (thesis and non-thesis options) and Ph.D. degrees in Ocean Engineering. These programs are based at the Narragansett Bay c...
In a previous paper, we showed that we could localize sound sources using a compact tetrahedral hydrophone array in a continental shelf environment south of Block Island, Rhode Island. The tetrahedral array of phones, 0.5 m on a side, was deployed to monitor the construction and operation of the first offshore wind farm in the United States. Direct...
The effect of shear on dispersion of acoustic normal modes was investigated in a previous study (Potty and Miller, 2010). Modal dispersion was calculated using a bottom model consisting of a liquid layer over an elastic basement. The modal travel times corresponding to the Airy Phase regions were found to be extremely sensitive to shear. Simple inv...
Acoustic transmission loss was measured as a function of range on a coral reef to better understand the propagation environment at frequencies of 0.5, 2, 5, 10, and 15 kHz. Low-level signals were projected on two contrasting coral reef sites in Hawaii, and received by a hydrophone at ranges up to 500 m. A suite of transmission loss models are teste...
This research improves the calculation speed of acoustic propagation modeling, for sonar training applications in littoral environments, by implementing a 3D Gaussian ray bundling model in the geodetic coordinates of the environmental databases. Tactical decision aids currently transform the three-dimensional environment into two dimensional radial...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Measurements of underwater acoustic signals were made on a bottom-mounted horizontal line array during the Seabed Characterization Experiment (SCEx) in the New England Mud Patch south of Martha’s Vineyard in about 70 meters of water. The signals were generated by SUS (Signals, Underwater Sound) charges detonated at various...
The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) south of Rhode Island is the first offshore windfarm in the United States. As part of the Ocean Special Area Management Plan, acoustic data were collected before the construction in the fall of 2009. Noise budgets were estimated based on this data and showed the dominant sources of sound in a 1/3-octave band center...
Measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity were made during the Seabed Characterization Experiment (SCEx) in the New England Mud Patch south of Cape Cod in about 70 meters of water. The University of Rhode Island and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution deployed the “geosled” with a four-element geophone array, a tetrahedral array of f...
We localized sound sources collected on a compact tetrahedral hydrophone array in a continental shelf environment south of Block Island, Rhode Island. The tetrahedral array of phones, 0.5 m on a side, was deployed to monitor the underwater sound of construction and operation of the first offshore wind farm in the United States. Signals from shippin...
This paper presents single receiver geoacoustic inversion of a combustive sound source signal, recorded during the 2017 Seabed Characterization Experiment on the New England Mud Patch, in an area where water depth is around 70 m. There are two important features in this study. First, it is shown that high-order modes can be resolved and estimated u...
Rayleigh waves were measured in a laboratory sand tank using an array of accelerometers. This tank allows for the measurement of interface waves for various sediment and soil arrangements in a well-controlled laboratory setting. Rayleigh waves were excited by simple impulsive sources including dropped balls and hammer impacts. In this study, a fini...
Measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity were made during the Seabed Characterization Experiment (SCEx) in the New England Mud Patch south of Cape Cod in about 70 meters of water. The University of Rhode Island and Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution deployed the “geosled” with a four-element geophone array, a tetrahedral array of fo...
Measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity were made during the Seabed Characterization Experiment (SCEx) in the New England Mud Patch south of Cape Cod in about 70 meters of water. The University of Rhode Island and Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution deployed the “geosled” with a four-element geophone array, a tetrahedral array of fo...
As part of the Seabed Characterization Experiment (SCEx), the University of Rhode Island and Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution deployed the low frequency shear measurement system and the interface Wave Sediment Profiler (iWaSP) system in the New England Mud Patch south of Cape Cod in about 70 meters of water. Multiple sensors were utilized to col...
Underwater acoustic and geophysical systems were deployed to monitor the operation of the Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF). The BIWF consists of five GE Haliade 150-6MW wind turbines each with 150 m diameter blades. The five wind turbines were laid out about 1 km apart in a southwest-to-northeast arc. Each turbine is equipped with a direct drive perma...
Rayleigh wave measurements were made in the Interface Wave Test Facility at the University of Rhode Island to develop techniques to estimate the shear wave properties of near surface sediment. Repeating source events at various ranges spaced equally at 0.15 m from a fixed receiver (accelerometer) created a virtual source array. The source events co...
The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) consists of five turbines in water depths of approximately 30m. The substructure for the BIWF turbines consists of jacket type construction with piles driven to the bottom pinning the structure to the seabed. These jacket legs and foundation piles were driven at a rake angle of approximately 13° from the vertical....
Geoacoustic inversions using wide-band acoustic sources (WBS) deployed during the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) along a circular path of radius 30 km centered on a vertical hydrophone array was used to construct a pseudo 3D model of the seabed sediments [Potty et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, 3065, 2016]. The geoacoustic inv...
Acoustics is one of the primary areas of emphasis in the Ocean Engineering Department at the University of Rhode Island, one of the oldest Ocean Engineering programs in the United States. The program offers Bachelors, Masters (thesis and non-thesis options), and Ph.D. degrees in Ocean Engineering. These programs are based at Narragansett Bay, provi...
Noise radiation and particle motion from pile driving activities were monitored using multiple sensors during the construction of the first offshore wind farm off Block Island, RI, USA in 2016. The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) consists of five turbines in water depths of approximately 30 m. The substructure for these turbines consists of jacket ty...
The Block Island Wind Farm, the first offshore wind farm in the United States, consists of five 6-MW turbines three miles southeast of Block Island, Rhode Island in water depths of approximately 30 m. The turbines include a jacket-type substructure with four piles driven at an angle of approximately 13 deg to the vertical to pin the structure to th...
Fin whale vocalizations were recorded south of Rhode Island during late summer through early fall of 2015 using a number of underwater recording systems. These systems were deployed to monitor broadband noise, including pile driving, from construction of the Block Island Wind Farm. Two vertical hydrophone array moorings were deployed in approximate...
No PDF available
ABSTRACT
Efficient and accurate mathematical codes for the prediction of underwater sound propagation are a critical component of SONAR system development and operation. The goal of the research presented herein is to develop, implement, and verify an efficient and rigorous coupled-mode solution for acoustic wave propagation in sha...
The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF), the first offshore wind farm in the United States, consists of five 6-MW turbines 3 miles southeast of Block Island, Rhode Island in water depths of approximately 30 m. Construction began in the summer of 2015 and power production began in late 2016. Underwater acoustic and geophysicalmeasurement systems were depl...
The Block Island Wind Farm, consisting of five 6-MW turbines, is the first U.S. commercial offshore wind farm harvesting wind energy to generate electricity, located 3.8 miles southeast of Block Island, Rhode Island. In-situ underwater and airborne noise measurements were made during the construction and the first two months of the operational peri...
Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an adaptive or data-driven time series analysis technique ideally suited to investigate non-stationary signals. EMD decomposes the signal into fast and slow oscillations called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Ensemble EMD (EEMD) methods have been developed to alleviate the mode-mixing phenomenon present in the...
Geoacoustic inversions using wide-band acoustic sources (WBS) deployed during the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) along a circular path of radius 30 km centered on a vertical hydrophone array will be used to construct a pseudo 3D model of the seabed sediments. The acoustic data used in the inversions consist of modal dispersio...
Fin whale vocalizations were recorded south of Rhode Island during late summer through early fall of 2015 using a number of underwater recording systems. These systems were deployed to monitor broadband noise, including pile driving, from construction of the Block Island Wind Farm. Two vertical hydrophone array moorings were deployed in approximate...
Acoustic transmission loss measurements from the calibration operations (CALOPS) experiment for the Shallow Water Array Performance (SWAP) program included horizontally refracted returns that were as much as 30° away from the true bearing between source and receiver. In many cases, the in-shore refracted path was 20 dB stronger than the true bearin...
There is a need for rapid and nondestructive sensing of near-surface shear properties of the ground and seafloor. Our approach is to measure interface wave dispersion and invert these measurements to extract a shear wave speed profile. Field measurements of interface waves using geophones and accelerometers will be presented. A laser Doppler vibrom...
The Block Island Wind Farm, the first offshore wind farm in the United States, consists of five turbines in water depths of approximately 30 m. The turbines have a jacket type substructure with piles driven to the bottom to pin the structure to the seabed. A number of acoustic sensors were deployed to monitor the acoustic properties of the pile dri...
Shear speeds in semi-consolidated and consolidated shallow water sediments can significantly impact compressional wave attenuation and arrival times of acoustic normal modes. One of the most promising approaches to estimate shear speed is to invert the shear speed profile using the dispersion of interfacewaves (Scholte waves). The propagation speed...
This paper defines a new three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian ray bundling model in geodetic coordinates: latitude, longitude, and altitude. Derivations are provided for 3D refraction, 3D interface reflection, 3D eigenray detection, and a 3D variant of the Comprehensive Acoustic System Simulation (CASS)/Gaussian Ray Bundling (GRAB) model. This approach...
Seabed parameters are inverted from ambient noise measurements at two shallow tropical environments with dissimilar seabed characteristics, a silty and a sandy seabed, using an approach that matches the measured and modeled complex vertical coherence.Coherence is modeled using the Green's function output from the modeloases, along with theoret...
The properties of the sea bottom sediments impact the acoustic propagation in shallow water to a great extent. Estimation of the geoacoustic properties of shallow water sediments has been a major area of research in underwater acoustics during the past decade. Several inversion approaches have been developed to estimate the range and depth dependen...
This study provides a review of the acoustic and ocean bottom sediment data collected during the Shelf Break Primer experiment conducted in 1996. The location of the experiment was in the southern New England Continental Shelf called the “New England Mud Patch.” The mud patch is a 13,000 square kilometer area covered by fine-grained sediment. Previ...
This study focuses on the design of an experiment to estimate the shear wave properties of ocean bottom sediments at a location in the southern New England Continental Shelf called the “New England Mud Patch.” The mud patch is a 13,000 square kilometer area covered by fine-grained sediment. The inversion technique is based on collecting interface w...
There is a renewed interest in understanding wave propagation in muddy sediments. In this study, we are using the time domain finite difference approach to investigate wave propagation in a muddy environment representative of the New England Mud Patch south of Martha’s Vineyard. The model uses the two-dimensional full-wave time-domain finite-differ...
Scholte waves are valuable tool for estimating the shear properties of the ocean bottom sediments. Previously estimates of the shear wave speed were obtained using interface wave data from a small scale experiment conducted in very shallow water in coastal Rhode Island. The University of Rhode Island’s shear measurement system consisting of vertica...
There is a need for rapid and nondestructive sensing of near-surface shear properties of the ground and seafloor. Our approach on land is to measure Rayleigh wave dispersion and invert these measurements to extract a shear wave speed profile. A portable surface wave inversion system has been developed that employs an array of six accelerometers to...
Increasing atmospheric CO2 will cause the ocean to become more acidic with pH values predicted to be more than 0.3 units lower over the next 100 years. These lower pH values have the potential to reduce the absorption component of transmission loss associated with dissolved boron. Transmission loss effects have been well studied for deep water wher...
The undergraduate and graduate program in Ocean Engineering at the University of Rhode Island is one of the oldest such programs in the United States. This program offers Bachelors, Masters (thesis and non-thesis options), and Ph.D. degrees. At the undergraduate level, students are exposed to ocean acoustics through a number of required and electiv...
In the United States, offshore wind farms are being planned and construction could begin in the near future along the East Coast of the US. Some of the sites being considered are known to be habitat for crustaceans such as the American lobster, Homarus americanus, which has a range from New Jersey to Labrador along the coast of North America. Groun...
Network
Cited