Gopinath Kannappan Panchamoorthy

Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering | SSN · Department of Chemical Engineering

Complexity of wastewater is the most challenging phenomenon on successful degradation of pollutant via any wastewater treatment regime. Upon availability of numerous techniques, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) is the most promising technique for treating industrial wastewater. Higher operating cost is the most promising factor that possess chall...

The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of mixed household waste (MHHW) was carried out at varying temperatures from 260 to 360 °C, residence times of 30–90 min, and catalyst loads of 2.5–12.5 wt. %, in the presence of four heterogeneous catalysts, namely, bentonite clay, diatomaceous earth (DE), nanoporous ZnO (nano ZnO), and zeolite ZSM-5. Maximum bi...

Global population growth, modernization, and industrialization have all significantly increased energy consumption, which has worsened the climate and led to greenhouse gas emissions, forcing researchers to look into eco-friendly, renewable, and sustainable energy sources. Hydrogen (H2) is emerging as one of the cleanest and most carbon-free future...

Leather is one of the traditional and prominent industries in India, contributing substantially to the economy in view of export earnings and intensive employment. However, tannery processes are known to consume large quantities of water and thus subsequently producing huge volumes of highly complex, potentially toxic and enormously polluted efflue...

Plastics contribute significantly to the plight of an ideal solid waste management system, and the dilemma of its safe disposal upon harnessing its untapped potential still looms large. An appropriate answer to such a predicament is an energy conversion technology that deems both economically and environmentally profitable. Pyrolysis of plastic was...

Bioremediation of heavy metals and dyes is one of the emerging techniques globally as it is evident from the numerous publications made by various research groups. Biofilm-assisted bioremediation is one of the trending approaches as it facilitates negatively charged extracellular polymeric substances which makes the bacteria resistant to the toxic...

Modernization of lifestyle, industrialization, population has resulted in generation of huge amount of waste, with rich in organic and inorganic content. Waste biomass (agriculture, algae, sludge, livestock manure, plant source) are available in large quantity worldwide owing to their renewability. Biomass is processed via thermochemical, biologica...

Bio-oil production from microalgae is still not practicable due to the high demand for water and nutrients, low biomass yields, and lack of efficient harvesting and biomass conversion techniques. More realistic approaches are required to improve the scope of microalgae-derived bio-oils. This study cultivated two marine strains Chlorella salina and...

Global pollution is calling for advanced methods to remove contaminants from water and wastewater, such as TiO2-assisted photocatalysis. The environmental applications of titanium dioxide have started after the initial TiO2 application for water splitting by Fujishima and Honda in 1972. TiO2 is now used for self-cleaning surfaces, air and water pur...

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is evolving as an effective technology for competent valorization and efficient energy densification of diverse biomass feedstocks, extending from lignocelluloses to algae and organic wastes. Microalgae have been identified as a promising alternative resource for biofuel production as it accumulates variou...

Algae, carbon dioxide and wastewater are the most promising research topics in recent years. Integrated sustainable approaches on cultivating microalgae in both real-time and simulated wastewater with carbon dioxide (CO2) are experimented as environmentally feasible approach. However, in terms of high macromolecules rich biomass productivity (examp...

Access to clean water has reduced in recent years due to pollution and man-made activities. Wastewater treatment regimens are many such as electrocoagulation, adsorption, ozonation, membrane and advanced oxidation processes. Owing to economical, resource availability and ease of operation adsorption has upper hand over all other methods employed in...

The release and prevalence of organic pollutants in an aqueous environment due to industrial discharges, agricultural operations, or inappropriate waste disposal is a huge threat to attaining sustainable development. As a result, wastewater treatment has attained a huge scope as it is evident from the number of articles published in recent years. A...

Food chain-based waste is generated in tonnes globally and this has led to release of greenhouse gases, poor air quality, land and water pollution. Food wastes are generated in tremendous quantity globally from local producer to international consumers and traders. Authors have used systematic literature review to identify the research gaps, themat...

Heavy metal contamination has emerged as one of today's most critical environmental issues because of their tenacity and prevalence in the environment that causes various harmful effects. In the recent days nano-adsorbents are employed for the removal of these heavy metals, as they have a large surface area, high adsorption rates, and short adsorpt...

This chapter summarizes the various routes to produce gaseous fuel from biomass. Urbanization, modernization and smart living style meet huge energy need globally. Biomass like algae, plants, forest waste, agricultural residue, etc., is processed via hydrothermal gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, and pyrolysis for biofuels production. Hydrog...

Biomass derived carbon nanocomposites are cost effective, emerging and promising technique for synthesis of surface enhanced nanocomposites. Biochar based nanocomposites are used for removal of organic pollutants, heavy metals, colorants, pharmaceutical and personal care products, etc. Carbon nanocomposites with higher surface area and pore size ha...

This study reports the effects of polar (acetone/methanol) and non-polar (chloroform/hexane) solvents on lipid yield, fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) composition, and biodiesel properties of microalgae. The lipids yield extracted by hexane and chloroform (100.01 and 94.33 mg/g) were higher than by methanol and acetone (40.12 and 86.91 mg/g). The...

We apologize for the error that occurred in the online version of the article. Incorrect name of 5th author was published in the article entitled “Water Pollution Monitoring through Remote Sensing” in “Curr. Anal. Chem., 2021, 17(6), 802-814 [1]. The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.2174/1573411016666200206095055 Original:...

In this study, a novel bio-refinery concept was designed for efficient utilization of de-oiled algae cake as bio-resource for biopolymer (Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHB)) production and thereby making the biorefinery process more economical and sustainable by completely utilizing the algal biomass without the production of waste algal residues. Algal o...

Wastewater treatment with ionic liquids is getting attraction worldwide among environmentalists and industrialists. Modernization of life and industrial expansion has let to generation of huge quantity of wastewater. It is of urgent need to treat wastewater for better usage for future generation. Most important parameter that defines the treatment...

In this study, macroalgae species Gracilaria edulis and Ulva lactuca were fermented for bioethanol and bio-oil production. Parameters such as catalyst (acid or alkali), pre-treatment method (sonication or none), and duration (1–5 days) were varied to predict the optimum conditions for bioethanol production. Maximum bioethanol yield was 0.186 g/g dr...

The process of removal of heavy metals is important due to their toxic effects on living organisms and undesirable anthropogenic effects. Conventional methods possess many irreconcilable disadvantages pertaining to cost and efficiency. As a result, the usage of biochar, which is produced as a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, has gained sizable trac...

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathwa...

This study involves the production of hydrocarbons from lignin extracted from sugarcane bagasse using Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) followed by Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). HTL of the lignin was studied under different solvents-methanol, ethanol and isopropanol in the presence of formic acid as an effective H-donor under varying lignin to solvent ra...

Excessive phosphate run-off with total phosphorus concentration greater than 20 μg P L ⁻¹ triggers the growth of harmful algal species in waterbodies and potentially leads to eutrophication. This has severe negative implications on aquatic environment and impacts human health. The annual economic impact of harmful algal blooms is reported to be as...

In this study, green fuel (hydrogen energy) was produced from the aqueous phase obtained from the hydrothermally liquefied Nostoc ellipsosporum biomass via photo‐catalytic reforming. Initially, algae were cultivated in municipal wastewater and fog medium (80:20) in photo bio‐reactor for biomass production. Later the algae biomass was liquefied unde...

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass results in the formation of bio-oil, aqueous phase (HTL-AP), bio-char, and gaseous products. Safer disposal of HTL-AP is difficult on an industrial scale since it comprises low molecular acid compounds. This review provides a comprehensive note on the recent articles published on the effective usage of HTL...

The environmental impacts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is an increasingly prominent topic in the scientific community. POPs are stable chemicals that are accumulated in living beings and can act as endocrine disruptors or carcinogens on prolonged exposure. Although efforts have been taken to minimize or ban the use of certain POPs, their...

The conversion of abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass into useful energy has been a topic of research for combating the energy insecurity and conventional energy resource shortages, faced throughout the world. Lignin, a prime component present in lignocellulosic biomass resources is found to be one of the abundant wastes produced by second...

This study involves the development of a machine learning algorithm based Tunable Decision Support System (TDSS) and Tunable Recommendation System (TRS) for optimizing the process conditions and product yield values of hydrothermal gasification (HTG) of biomass. More than 500 datasets were collected from various studies and laboratory experiments p...

Industrialization and human activities have led to pollution of ecosystems by metals and dyes, calling for advanced remediation methods. For instance, removal of water pollutants has been recently done using low-cost adsorbents. Here we review adsorbents based on cellulose, zeolites, biochar and nanomaterials. Hybridized nanosorbents show adsorptio...

Environmental concerns due to fossil fuel usage has turned the research interest towards biomass and bioenergy field. Renewable biomass such as microalgae provides numerous advantages as they can grow in wastewater; sequester carbon dioxide, economical and eco-friendly. In this study, effect of pretreatment of microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus) biom...

In this study, wastewater obtained from a sewage treatment plant was treated successively by using microbial consortium and macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii to generate microbial sludge and algal biomass. The production of green fuel was carried out via co-gasification of microbial sludge and macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii for a duration of 60 mi...

Background Depletion and contamination of environmental resources such as water, air and soil caused by human activities is an increasingly important challenge faced around the world. The consequences of environmental pollution are felt acutely by all living beings, both on a short and long-term basis, thereby making methods of remediation of envir...

Algae a promising energy reserve due to its adaptability, cheap source, sustainability and it's growth ability in wastewater with efficient sequestration of industrial carbon dioxide. This review summarizes the pathways available for biofuel production from carbon sequestered algae biomass. In this regard, this review focuses on microalgae and its...

In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction of household waste was performed to produce valuable liquid hydrocarbons with aqueous phase as by-product. Photocatalytic reforming of aqueous phase was carried out for hydrogen production. Liquefaction of 15g waste at temperature of 320℃ and solvent to biomass ratio of 13.33 mL/g produced bio-oil of 32.4 wt...

Advancements in medical research has resulted in the modernization of healthcare facilities, subsequently leading to a higher level of production and usage of pharmaceuticals to sustain better quality of life. Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) possess high genotoxicity and eco-toxicity thus presenting numerous side effects to living beings on...

In this present study, hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) process was performed to upgrade the liquefied bio-oil of Nostoc punctriforme biomass. The engine performance and emission properties of the enriched bio-oil and blends (with diesel) were evaluated. The HTL resulted in highest bio-oil yield of 47.5 wt% at a temperature of 300 °C at 60 min with calori...

Algae is abundantly present in our ecosystems and can be easily extracted and used for production of biopolymers. Algae does not produce any anthropogenic, harmful effects, has a good growth rate, and cultivable in wastewater. This literature elucidates the potential of algae biomass by comparing various seaweed and microalgae strains. The routes f...

Increased industrial and domestic activities have induced pollution, global warming and resources depletion, calling for advanced remediation techniques. For instance, biochar synthesized from waste materials is an ecofriendly and low-cost material for the remediation of contaminants, yet raw biochar is poorly efficient. Therefore, biochar properti...

This study targets the value addition of cattails biomass cultivated from wastewater through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and Hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) process in presence of carbon supported catalyst. Cattails biomass for bio-oil production was cultivated from wastewater through advanced phyto-rid technology (AP-RT). Liquefaction experiments pr...

This study involves an artificial intelligence approach in the optimization of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass feedstock. A Decision Support System (DSS) was developed using machine learning algorithms. Dataset from published work and unpublished dataset from the authors’ research team were used in this study. The Pearson correlation mat...

Immobilization of magnetic nanoparticles and enzymes with the aid of chemicals and metals as their major support is extensively used in numerous applications, owing to their superparamagnetic nature, surface interaction, alteration, and binding specificity with the appropriate proteinaceous substances. The metal nanoparticles are widely accepted as...

Dyes (colorants) are used in many industrial applications, and effluents of several industries contain toxic dyes. Dyes exhibit toxicity to humans, aquatic organisms, and the environment. Therefore, dyes containing wastewater must be properly treated before discharging to the surrounding water bodies. Among several water treatment technologies, ads...

Thermostable enzymes are a field of growing interest in bioremediation, pharmaceuticals, food industry etc., due to their ability to catalyze bio reactions at high temperatures. This review aims to provide an overview on extremophiles with a special focus on thermophiles and enzymes produced from extremophilic bacteria. Novel thermostable catalysts...

This study focuses on phosphorus recovery from simulated aqueous environment by hydrothermally carbonized microalgae biomass. A detailed study on parameters influencing adsorption such as time (10–60 min), temperature (10–60 °C), agitation speed (50–250 rpm) and bio-char concentration (0.3–1.5 g/L) was carried out. Batch studies showed a maximum 90...

The conventional methods of waste disposal, namely landfill and recycling, are associated with environmental and economic inefficiencies. The associated policies and regulations are also found to be inadequate in relation to the current situation. The situation of plastic handling-related policies in India was reviewed in this regard. Alternative t...

In rural India, unpleasant atmosphere, anthropogenic gas emission, air and soil pollution are caused due to disposal of livestock’s wastes (cow dung and chicken waste) in open environment. This study provides zero emission concept for waste disposal and value addition of these wastes for renewable green energy production. In this study, biogas prod...

Background: Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to depletion of water resource and generation of enormous amount of wastewater. One among them is textile industry which discharge huge amount of dye wastewater into aquatic environment. Methods: This study deals with adsorption of Remazol blue, Malachite green and Rhodamine B dyes into...

Global warming is a critical issue resulting partly from increasing carbon dioxide emissions. Technologies have been developed to capture carbon dioxide followed by storage or utilization, yet techniques are limited by the use of toxic solvents and the generation of harmful by-products. Research in green chemistry has designed green solvents which...

Over exploitation of non-renewable energy reserves will lead to increase in price of petroleum fuels. Therefore there is a need for suitable and sustainable substitutes (renewable resource) for conventional fuels. In this study, an efficient and environmental friendly method for production of bio-diesel from Pongamia (Karanja) oil has been develope...

The fossil fuel industry faces issues of atmospheric pollution by sulphur and nitrogen compounds, and emerging competition from electricity, solar, wind and hydrogen sectors. As a consequence, green solvents such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have been recently developed for alternative fuel purification. Deep eutectic solvents are us...

The evolution of modern technology and industrial processes has been accompanied by an increase in the utilization of chemicals to derive new products. Water bodies are frequently contaminated by the presence of conventional pollutants such as dyes and heavy metals, as well as microorganisms that are responsible for various diseases. A sharp rise h...

Keywords: biodiesel waste cooking oil solar energy net energy ratio trough collector A B S T R A C T Waste cooking oil was converted to biodiesel using a parabolic trough collector using solar radiations as a heating source and a parabolic trough collector as an intensifier. Calcium oxide (CaO) derived from seashells was used as a catalyst in order...

The objective of this work was to study the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Prosopis juliflora biomass for the production of ferulic acid and bio-oil. Biomass was processed with various solvents (NaOH, KOH, HCl and H2SO4) to produce ferulic acid (FA). FA oxidation was carried out using the Nano ZnO catalyst to produce an optimum vanillin yield o...

Microplastics irrespective of their myriad sources eventually are discharged into the world's oceans, posing a serious threat to marine life. Evidence has shown the increasing threat posed by accumulation of microplastics along shore lines and sandy beaches to the species that inhabit these ecosystems. This study evaluates the species at potential...

Environmental pollution is a major issue, yet actual remediation techniques are limited. Carbon-based materials are increasingly used to treat air and water. Here we review the applications of carbon nanomaterials made of biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene for the adsorption of toxic gases, the removal of pollutants from ecosy...

In this research, raw jujube seeds (RJS) treated with sulphuric acid followed by ultrasonic treatment such as ultrasonic assisted jujube seeds (UAJS) based biochar have been experimented as a viable material for treating Zn(II) and Pb(II) contaminated water. The adsorption ability of UAJS was compared with RJS through Langmuir adsorption capacity....

This review conceptualizes the recent bio-circular trend of algae for CO2 sequestration and wastewater treatment and biomass production. Articles from peer-reviewed journals are focused on providing state of art review on production of bio-oil, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol, bio-butanol, bio‑hydrogen and bio-methane. It provided a clear illustration on t...

This study targets the research gap in co-hydrothermal gasification (HTG) process conditions and composition of sewage sludge and microalgae biomass on hydrogen enriched gas production. This study also focuses on zero emission concept for waste disposal and value addition of these wastes for green energy production. The effect of solid catalyst syn...

Amphiroa fragilissima was converted to bio-oil through two pathways: hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and pyrolysis. Biomass (10 g) was processed separately through HTL (220–340 °C) and pyrolysis (340–520 °C) under nitrogen environment (5 MPa) for reaction time of 60 min. The bio-oils were analyzed through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (...

This study explores the catalytic application of waste clam shell in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus) for liquid hydrocarbons production. Novel catalyst (calcium hydroxide) was derived from clam shells. Catalytic HTL was performed at varying temperature of 240-320⁰C for catalyst load (0.2-1 wt%) at a reaction tim...

Background Water is undoubtedly a very precious resource that helps life thrive on this planet, and its pollution is a problem which is potent of erasing almost all forms of life on earth. Hence, considering the magnitude of this problem, studies and experiments have been focused (from the day water pollution was recognised as an eminent issue) on...

Background Industrialization plays an important role in the growth of a nation. But it is also one of the causes for the deteriorating condition of our ecosystem. The pollution, be it aquatic, terrestrial or air -borne, has affected our environment drastically and industrial and domestic wastewater plays a major role in it. As the Earth transforms...

Background Nanoparticle has become an important part of many modern scientific technologies. Also, there are many naturally occurring nanoparticle that play important role in various natural and synthetic processes. Detection of these nanoparticles is expensive and challenging. This review paper explains in detail about various sensor based methods...

Electronic-waste was the main waste stream raising concern to the researchers globally. Improper recycling and disposal techniques resulted in solemn effects on the atmosphere and public well-being. This chapter explains the systematic methods used for management of Electronic-waste. Electronic-waste managing would be an ideal start-up business pla...

The increasing level of Electronic-waste and its improper disposal and unsafe treatment pose significant risks to the environment and human health. They raise several challenges to the sustainable development goals. Electronic-waste is considered one of the fastest-growing pollution problems all over the world as per the United Nations environment...

Lab-scale hybrid loop airlift photobioreactor (HLALPBR) was used to culture microalgae Scenedesmus abundans in domestic wastewater. The highest biomass productivity of 209 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹ and concentration of 3.55 g L⁻¹ were achieved. S abundans could eradicate chemical oxygen demand, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus by 8...

Motive of this research is the production of bioethanol from two different biowastes and analysis of its thermal properties. The study of thermal properties can find the suitability of bioethanol with spark ignition engine operations. Bioethanol was produced as follows: extraction, pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. Before this...

The most important aim of modern organic chemistry is to replace the old, environmentally hazardous, expensive and less efficient processes with new, energy efficient routes of synthesis. In this regard, during the past 10 years, heterogeneous photocatalytic systems have been identified to have made it possible to perform green synthesis of a numbe...

In this study Scenedesmus abundans was used as a biosorbent material for removing hydrocarbons from simulated petroleum wastewater. Batch experiments resulted in the removal of 92.16% of hydrocarbons from simulated wastewater within 60 min. The spent biosorbent was converted to bio-oil through hydrothermal liquefaction process (HTL) at temperature...

The emerging fuel crisis necessitates a shift in focus towards alternative renewable forms, so that sustainable development can be achieved. Bio-oil is a promising alternative renewable source of energy which is a third generation bio-fuel. Algae are a popular candidate for bio-fuel production due to their high lipid contents, ease of cultivation a...

In this work, the adsorption of metal ions (Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II)) onto ultrasonic-modified jujube seeds (UMJS) was investigated in a batch mode system. The synthesized UMJS was analyzed using scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses to predict the adsorbent quality. The optimum condition for metal ions adsorption in the stu...

Current society has a growing demand for eco-friendly catalytic processes. Because catalytic processes are vital to various chemical industry, energy-related applications and environmental remediation. Exploration of effective heterogeneous catalyst for various application have been a popular research focus. Among them, composite catalyst has drawn...

Photocatalysts with advanced mechanism of action against microorganisms were identified and commercialized globally. Wastewater was produced in an increasing rate worldwide due to industrialization process. The wastewater was treated, photo-disinfected, and processed to reuse the water in industrial level. Nano-photocatalysts were immobilized and u...