Gokul Krishna

The University of Arizona College of Medicine · Child Health

Aspects of glutamate neurotransmission implicated in normal and pathological conditions are often evaluated using in vivo recording paradigms in rats anesthetized with isoflurane or urethane. Urethane and isoflurane anesthesia influence glutamate neurotransmission through different mechanisms; however real-time outcome measures of potassium chlorid...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) manifests late-onset and persisting clinical symptoms with implications for sex differences and increased risk for the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies have evaluated chronic temporal profiles of neuronal and glial pathology that include sex as a biological variable. After experimental...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with estimates indicating that ~50% of the world’s population will acquire a head injury at some point in their lifetime (Maas et al., 2017). Mild TBIs account for ~80% of all reported cases, with up to 43% of all TBI patients reporting symptoms beyond 2 weeks post-i...

Diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces damage to the neuro-vascular-glial units with the hallmark pathology as diffuse axonal injury (DAI) throughout the brain in concert with persisting neuroinflammatory responses and molecular cascades that disrupt global circuit function without gross focal lesions. In response to axonal injury, neuroplast...

Drosophilae are emerging as a valuable model to study traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced secondary injury cascades that drive persisting neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathology that imposes significant risk for long-term neurological deficits. As in mammals, TBI in Drosophila triggers axonal injury, metabolic crisis, oxidative stress, a...

The increase in exposure to environmental neurotoxicants has contributed to the development of neurological disorders around the world such that neurodegenerative disease and neurodevelopmental disorders are becoming more common. The gut–brain axis is recognized as a crucial signaling bidirectional loop for the interactions between gut bacteria and...

Over 2.8 million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are reported in the United States annually, of which, over 75% are mild TBIs with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) as the primary pathology. TBI instigates a stress response that stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis concurrently with DAI in brain regions responsible for feedback regula...

Women approximate one-third of the annual 2.8 million people in the United States who sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI). Several clinical reports support or refute that menstrual cycle-dependent fluctuations in sex hormones are associated with severity of persisiting post-TBI symptoms. Previously, we reported late-onset sensory hypersensitivity...

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in pathophysiological damage that can manifest as both acute and chronic neurological deficits. In an attempt to repair and reconnect disrupted circuits to compensate for loss of afferent and efferent connections, maladaptive circuitry is created and contributes to neurological deficits, including pos...

Scope Traumatic brain injury (TBI) compromises neuronal function required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Despite the high consumption of blueberries, information about its effects on brain plasticity and function under conditions of brain trauma is limited. We assessed the efficacy of dietary blueberry (BB) supplementat...

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by alterations in cerebellum and basal ganglia functioning with corresponding motor deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Involvement of oxidative dysfunction has been implicated for the progression of PD, and environmental neurotoxin exposure could influence such behavior and psychiatric pat...

Fetal and early childhood exposure to low levels of chemicals formed in foods during heating, especially acrylamide (ACR) is of increased concern due to developmental neurotoxicity. The neurodevelopment during perinatal period is critical and evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a major role in shaping brain development and behavior. Pre...

Environmental insults including pesticide exposure and their entry into the immature brain are of increased concern due to their developmental neurotoxicity. Several lines of evidence suggest that maternal gut microbiota influences in utero fetal development via modulation of host's microbial composition with prebiotics. Hence we examined the hypot...

Metabolic dysfunction accompanying traumatic brain injury (TBI) severely impairs the ability of injured neurons to comply with functional demands. This limits the success of rehabilitative strategies by compromising brain plasticity and function, and highlights the need for early interventions to promote energy homeostasis. We sought to examine whe...

Dietary phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, have been suggested to limit neurodegeneration in a variety of neurological diseases and ameliorate age-related cognitive impairments. Emerging evidence suggests that absorbed dietary flavonoids and their metabolites traverse across the blood–brain barrier and exert multiple neuropharmacological act...

Accumulating evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria play a vital role in modulating various aspects integral to health and well-being of humans. In the present study, probiotic attributes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory potential of Enterococcus faecium (EF) CFR 3003 were investigated by employing suitable model systems. EF e...

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are demonstrated to confer a wide spectrum of physiological benefits during pregnancy. In view of this, focused attempts are being directed towards understanding their role as modulators of brain chemistry and behavior. Epidemiological studies have identified that exposure to neurotoxins during prenatal/early life can pro...

Background Tomato seeds, a major by-product from food processing industry, constitute a rich source of bioactives and a large population consumes tomato (either in raw or cooked form). In the present study, initially we assessed the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of tomato seeds (TSE) in selected chemical systems and further explored the n...

Accumulating evidence suggests that the developing brain is more susceptible to a variety of chemicals. Recent studies have shown a link between the enteric microbiota and brain function. While supplementation of non-digestible oligosaccharides during pregnancy has been demonstrated to positively influence human health mediated through stimulation...

Objectives: Bacopa monnieri (BM), an ayurvedic medicinal plant, has attracted considerable interest owing to its diverse neuropharmacological properties. Epidemiological studies have shown significant correlation between paraquat (PQ) exposure and increased risk for Parkinson's disease in humans. In this study, we examined the propensity of standa...

Although tomato seeds (an industrial by-product) are known to contain several bioactive compounds, studies describing their health effects are limited. Previously, we evidenced that aqueous extract of tomato seeds (TSE) markedly attenuated rotenone (ROT)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Drosophila system. This study investigated the ne...

The study was intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated (dose 5KGy and 10KGy) samples of Andrographis paniculata in carageenan induced rat paw oedema in Wistar rats at a dose level of 200mg / kg body weight administered orally. Significant anti-inflammatory activity was observed in aqueous extracts o...

The effect of gamma irradiation on pharmacological activity of non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated (at doses of 5 KGy and 10 KGy) samples of Ashwagandha were examined. Investigations were performed to study the anti-stress activity by forced swim endurance test in Albino Swiss mice at a dose level of 100mg / kg b.w. administered orally. Significant...