Göran Örlander

Linnaeus University | lnu · Department of Forestry and Wood Technology

Scarification is the most common measure to improve the planting environment in Sweden. However, different scarification methods give varying results. During the early 1990s, a nation-wide experiment with 10 field installations was established in order to test the effect of several scarification methods, including two intensities of soil inversion...

Cuttings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., were planted under two Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., shelterwoods with a density gradient varying from fully stocked forest to clearcuts. This provided a range of near-ground temperature and radiation regimes. The microclimate was monitored near each cutting, using an automated mobile system. T...

In a field experiment in southern Sweden we investigated the single and combined effects of shelterwood, soil scarification, and feeding barriers on pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. The seedlings were planted on four different sites, each consisting of two plots, one clearcut and one wit...

Establishment of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings is often restricted by competition from vegetation, drought, and damage by pine weevils. In this study, effects of mulching on these factors were investigated. Norway spruce seedlings were planted on fresh and 1-year-old clearcuts treated with mulch on three sites in southern Sweden...

Seedlings of Pinussylvestris L. were grown in three different soil media: 100% peat, 40% silt–60% peat, and 60% silt–40% peat. The percentages refer to total dry weight. Needle conductance, needle water potential, and plant water conductance were measured at different levels of soil water potentials controlled with a semipermeable membrane system....

One-year-old Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and 2-year-old Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were lifted and stored under an array of conditions to test infrared thermography as a means of determining seedling viability. After winter storage, temperature was measured on each seedling with an infrared thermovision scanner (3–5 μm) in...

A field experiment was established between 1989 and 1993 to study the effects of (i) the age of clearcuts on damage by pine weevils (Hylobiusabietis L.) and (11) competing vegetation on the survival and growth of planted Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.). On each of four sites Norway spruce seedlings were planted on 0 to 4-year-old clearcuts....

A field experiment was established between 1989 and 1993 to study the effects of competing vegetation on growth of planted Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. Effects of clearcut age, scarification (mounding), herbicide treatment, and seedling stock type were investigated 5 years after planting. On fresh clearcuts, amounts of vegetat...

This paper reviews regeneration research during the past 20 years. The focus is mainly on planting of Norway spruce and Scots pine. Research on root morphology and nursery practices has played an important role in the introduction of containerized seedlings in northern Europe. In recent years, mini-seedlings have been tested. Conventionally, seedli...

Mechanical, manual, thermal, biological and chemical methods of managing forest vegetation have, to a large extent, been developed independently. The effectiveness and relatively low cost of chemical herbicides, however, have led to systems of vegetation management that rely on their continued availability and the near exclusion of non-herbicide me...

Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713711862 Effects of roe deer browsing and site preparation on performance of planted broadleaved and conifer seedlings when using temporary fences Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-...

The effects of fencing and site preparation on performance of birch (Betula pendula Roth), oak (Quercus robur L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were studied over four growing seasons in southern Sweden. The experiment was composed of four browsing treatments, from which roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.)...

Fångstvirkesfällorna minskar angreppen i undersökningsområdet. Skyddseffekten uppmättes till 60 m från fällorna. Angreppen kan öka i fällans omedelbara när-område, närmare än 10-15 m.

Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants Increasingly intensive and mechanized clear-cutting may deplete the forest ecosystem of essential nutrients. A clear-cut area near Växjö, southern Sweden, was investigated for changes in Mn, Cu and Zn in soil (NH 4 NO 3...

This study investigated the combination method which is defined as a method where natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is combined with planting of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). An experiment with planting of Norway spruce seedlings with and without soil scarification in shelterwoods of Scots pine and on clearcuts was e...

Biomass, total nitrogen (N) and total carbon (C) stocks were determined in trees, roots, field vegetation and soil in plots given two different site preparation treatments, deep soil cultivation (DSC) approximately 50 cm deep and patch scarification (PS), at three locations in Sweden 10 years after treatment. One location was planted with Pinus con...

1 The consumption by adult pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, of the bark of roots present in the humus layer was assessed in a field study conducted in southern Sweden during two years (1998 and 2002). The study sites were divided into two areas: (i) a shelterwood where 80–100 mature Scots pine trees per hectare remained after cutting and (ii) a clear...

The relative annual basal area increment of mature Norway spruce trees in south-central Sweden during 9 years was used as the response variable and analysed in relation to ozone exposure, meteorological conditions, soil moisture and stand characteristics. The method used was a modified multiple regression analysis, allowing for dependencies between...

Conifer seedlings suffer less feeding damage from adult pine weevils (Hylobius abietis (L.)) when planted in pure mineral soil than in undisturbed humus. We investigated how vegetation surrounding planted seedlings affects damage by pine weevil and the causes of such effects. In three experiments conducted on newly clear-felled conifer forest sites...

Pine weevil ( Hylobius abietis L.) damage to seedlings after overstorey removal was investigated in a survey study in six shelterwoods in the south–central part of Sweden. The shelterwoods predominantly consisted of Scots pine, except at one site where the shelter trees mainly consisted of Norway spruce. Before final cutting, 10 plots were laid out...

Summary The infl uence of different soil features associated with type and soil cultivation on damage to Norway spruce seedlings caused by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) was studied in a fi eld experiment in southern Sweden. The amount of damage was lowest on pure mineral soil and highest on undisturbed humus. Cul...

Increased nitrogen leaching from forest soils is a potential environmental problem in areas with high nitrogen deposition. In Sweden nitrogen is strongly retained in the forests, and high nitrogen leaching is not common from growing forests. However, soil water measurements on clearcuts along a deposition gradient in Sweden showed a positive correl...

The effectiveness of feeding barriers to protect seedlings against damage caused by pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) was evaluated in experiments established from 1995 to 1999 in southern Sweden. For this purpose the damage done to containerized seedlings protected by various types of barrier was evaluated, and compared with damage to untreated and i...

We investigated interactions between field vegetation and seedling damage caused by a major insect pest, the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.), in an experiment established on a clear-cut area in southern Sweden. Scarification was performed on three occasions (May and August 1998, May 1999) and Norway spruce seedlings were planted on three occasion...

The effect of herbicide, fertilization and irrigation treatments on growth of planted Norway spruce seedlings were investigated in an experiment established in 1998 in southern Sweden. After three years, the amount of ground vegetation was about the same in fertilized, irrigated and fertilized + irrigated plots, but the amount was about double as i...

Damage to planted conifer seedlings by the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), is considered to be less severe in shelterwoods than in clear-cuttings. To evaluate possible reasons for this reduction, this study investigated the relationship between seedling damage and pine weevil population density in the presence and absence of shelter trees. Asse...

Abstract 1 The intensity of feeding by adult pine weevils Hylobius abietis (L.) on the stem bark of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings planted in rows with a north–south orientation across a clear-cutting, was measured throughout a growth season. The feeding was then correlated to light interception, soil temperature and distance to th...

Five soil treatments in a 4-year-old clearcut in southern Sweden affected biomass increase and net nitrogen uptake by planted Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings through their on net mineralisation and root growth. The patch soil treatments studied were: (i) soil inversion in an old clearcut; (ii) mineral soil from the clearcut remain...

In a large field experiment we studied the influence of regenerationmethods on the extent to which roe deer (Capreoluscapreolus L.) browse on spruce (Picea abies L.Karst) seedlings. Our objective was to evaluate if treatments that are good atstimulating regeneration may increase browsing damage by deer. Data werecollected between 1993 and 1995, and...

The effect of release cutting on seed production was investigated in six Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed tree stands and four unreleased stands (forests) in central Sweden. The study was restricted to the uppermost 2 m of the tree crowns. Correlations were analysed between concentrations of nutrient elements in the needles, seed characteristi...

The N dynamics following clear felling, focusing on NO3− turnover, were studied at four forested sites in southern Sweden. Two different methods were used to study N availability: (i) an in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) bioassay and (ii) measurements of natural abundance of stable N isotopes in leaves of the grass species Deschampsiaflexuos...

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positiv...

Damage to Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) seedlings by summer frost was monitored on 10 clear-cuttings of various ages to which slash removal and four types of site preparation had been applied. The clear-cuttings were established on two sites (5 on each) in southern Sweden from 1989 through 1993 and planted each year from the year of cuttin...

It has been suggested that reduced damage by the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) under shelter trees might result from more food being available under shelter trees than on clear-cuttings. The shelter trees provide an extra supply of bark on branches and roots. Moreover, shelter trees favour some species in the ground vegetation (e.g. bilberry, Vacc...

Cuttings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., were planted under two Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., shelterwoods with a density gradient varying from fully stocked forest to clearcuts. This provided a range of near-ground temperature and radiation regimes. The microclimate was monitored near each cutting, using an automated mobile system. T...

The effect of timing of soil scarification on establishment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in relation to amount of seed fall was studied in two seed-tree stands in central Sweden. The seed trees were released in autumn 1989. The treatments were: (i) scarification the autumn following cutting and before a seed fall expected to be poor; (ii) sc...

Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) is the major insect pest of forest regeneration in Europe, where adult weevils kill conifer seedlings by feeding on the bark. This study demonstrates that pine weevils also feed extensively in the crowns of mature coniferous trees. Crown feeding primarily took place during a limited period immediatel...

A shelterwood experiment with eight different shelterwood densities was established in southern Sweden in 1989. Advance-growth seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were the focus of this study, in which damage, mortality and height growth were registered. Mortality was generally high, especially on clear-cuts and in low-density shel...

Damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings by the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was monitored in relation to clear-cutting age and silvicultural treatments in southern Sweden. New clear-cuttings were established on four sites during five consecutive years, and seedlings were planted on them f...

A field experiment was established between 1989 and 1993 to study the effects of competing vegetation on growth of planted Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. Effects of clearcut age, scarification (mounding), herbicide treatment, and seedling stock type were investigated 5 years after planting. On fresh clearcuts, amounts of vegetat...

The effects of deer browsing and slash removal on vegetation succession were studied on 20 clearcuts in southern Sweden. The experiment was established over a 5-year period (1989–1993). Each clearcut was divided into two parts: On one part 80% of the slash was removed, while on the other it was retained and evenly distributed. Field vegetation was...

Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) seedlings were planted on 2-, 3- and 4-yr-old clear-cuttings. At the time of planting, the ground vegetation on the clear-cuttings was dominated by the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Effects of various site preparation treatments (mounding and herbicide) were analysed during the first 3 yrs after planting. After t...

A two-year long field experiment was established in May 1993, on clearcuts ranging in age from fresh to 4 years old at four sites in southern Sweden. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of clearcut age and removal of slash (i.e., twigs, branches, and tops of harvested trees) on browsing damage by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) on p...

The effects of browsing damage by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) seedlings planted on clearcuts of different ages were studied in a field experiment. The experiment was established in 1993 on 0- to 4-year-old clearcuts in four sites, and seedling observations were made until May 1995. Half of the seedlin...

The effects on seedling survival and growth of a new scarification method, inverting, were evaluated over 10-yrs after planting lodgepole pine and Norway spruce on a 2-yr-old clear-cut in northern Sweden. Inverting, which provides planting spots containing humus turves covered in loose mineral soil without making mounds or ridges, was compared with...

Patterns of seasonal and yearly variation in the abundance of the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were determined on clear‐cuttings of various age in southern Sweden. New clear‐cuttings were established during each of five consecutive years, and the numbers of weevils caught in pitfall traps baited with α‐pinene and...

Effects of soil scarification on long-term site productivity up to 70 years, and soil content of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and macro nutrients, were studied in five site preparation experiments, established between 1922 and 1965 on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heathland, on poor sandy sediments. The soil was inverted by spade, hoed, harrowed or...

The abilities of eight repellents to reduce browsing damage by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were tested on 2-year-old containerized seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) in two field tests. The study was performed on 10 773 seedlings on 17 newly planted clearcuts in southern Sweden. The frequencies of un...

A field experiment was established between 1989 and 1993 on four sites in southern Sweden to study the effects of the clearcut age on damage by pine weevils and competing vegetation. On each site, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were planted on 0- to 4-year-old clearcuts. In the study reported here, the effects of clearcut age, mo...

Damage to planted conifer seedings was assessed and numbers of adult pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) were estimated after cutting of a mixed conifer stand to form shelterwoods of eight different densities. Untreated and insecticide treated seedlings of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris were included in the experiments.Both seedling damage and pine w...

The Asa shuttle—a system for mobile sampling of air temperature, solar-, and net radiation in a shelterwood experiment was developed. The shuttle was equipped with thermocouples which measured at 6 different heights. Tree radiometers measured total solar, photosynthet- ically active-, and net radiation. The shuttle, which was driven by an electric...

Two-year-old cuttings of Norway spruce were subjected to night frosts in spring on an exposed site in southern Sweden. Shading was used to assess the influence of sunlight on the extent of damage resulting from night frost. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured in needles in flushing shoots, and in shoots at the stage of bud burst. The F v : F m ra...

The possibility of using infrared thermography as seedling vitality test before planting was investigated. The temperature of seedlings of Scots pine and Norway spruce was determined in the laboratory before planting using the AGA Thermovision System. It was found that the field performance conformed to the IR measurements of the seedlings. The "co...

Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Picea abies (L.) Karst, were lifted on different occasions in autumn and cold‐stored throughout winter. In spring, in connection with planting, needle conductance (g n ), plant water conductance (Gp) and needle water potential (ψn ) of a sample of seedlings were measured under controlled climatic conditions in...

Long-term effects of complete deep-soil cultivation on forest growth and yield were evaluated in an experiment initiated in 1988 on six different sites in Sweden. Complete deep-soil cultivation was compared with less intensive site preparation. Ten years after the start. growth. stand structure. damage and survival were evaluated. Conifer seedling...

Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris, grown in low humified peat, were exposed to different soil water potentials (?s) and soil temperatures. The water potential and temperature were controlled by the use of a semi-permeable membrane system, and the seedlings were placed in a growth chamber during the experiments. Needle water potential (?s), needle condu...

The water relations in planted seedlings of Pinus sylvestris were measured to find out whether poor water uptake was an important factor affecting the planting result. Seedlings were planted in the field on six different occasions. The soil was prepared in four ways: (a) Scarified patch. (b) Amount of mineral soil on the scarified patch. (c) Amount...