Gladys F. A. Melo-de-Pinna

• University of São Paulo

O gênero Scleria (Cyperaceae) é notável por possuir características foliares que o distingue de outros gêneros da sua família, algo útil dada a profunda redução floral em Cyperaceae. Dentre essas características, destaca-se a sua contralígula morfologicamente diversa (com ou sem um apêndice membranoso evidente), lígula de tricomas, alas na bainha e...

The occurrence of conducting vascular tissue in the pith (CVTP) of tracheophytes is noteworthy. Medullary bundles, one of the remarkable examples of CVTP, evolved multiple times across angiosperms, notably in the Caryophyllales. Yet, information on the occurrence of medullary bundles is fragmented, hampering our understanding of their structure–fun...

The inflorescences of Portulacaceae have traditionally been considered capitula and their morphology and architecture have not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to expand the knowledge on the inflorescences within this family, comparing members of distinct lineages of Portulaca occurring in Brazil, to understand some systematic...

Cyperaceae is the second largest family of Poales, with approximately 5700 species distributed across 95 genera. The occurrence of the ligule, a membranous or ciliate structure located on the adaxial surface between the leaf sheath and leaf blade, is a characteristic that requires investigation, since in the few studies done on this structure in Cy...

The inflorescences of Portulacaceae have traditionally been considered capitula and their morphology and architecture have not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to expand the knowledge on the inflorescences within this family, comparing members of distinct lineages of Portulaca occurring in Brazil, to understand some systematic...

The development of a hydrophobic cuticle covering the epidermis was a crucial evolutionary novelty ensuring the establishment of land plants. However, there is little information about its structure and chemical composition, as well as its functional implications in avascular lineages such as Anthocerotophyta. The main goal of the present study was...

Ligules are classified, predominantly, on their position and morphology, which are still without a consensus as to their nature and diversity in an evolutionary context in Poaceae. Based on a broad review of this structure, we have identified five hypotheses for the definition of ligules, originating between the years 1800 and 1834; some of these h...

Pollen grains have a relatively simple structure and microscopic size, with two or three cells surrounded by the protective sporoderm at maturity. The viability and efficiency of pollen transport from anther to stigma depends on pollen physiological properties, especially the relative water content of the vegetative cell. Pollen transport is a cruc...

Sapindales is a monophyletic order within the malvid clade of rosids. It represents an interesting group to address questions on floral structure and evolution due to a wide variation in reproductive traits. This review covers a detailed overview of gynoecium features, as well as a new structural study based on Trichilia pallens (Meliaceae), to pro...

In the prevailing savanna formations of the Cerrado biome, several plants show special morphological and anatomical features, such as cork bark, a thickened underground system and bud-forming underground structure. These traits have been considered to have evolved in distinct lineages as adaptations to drought, fire, or nutrient-deficient soils. Am...

Several structural attributes associated with the buds of shoot apices of angiosperms have been related to protection both at the mechanical and chemical defense levels. Although several characteristics related to the protection of shoot buds are known in different taxa of Sapindales, their occurrence in the neotropical genus Homalolepis (Simarouba...

Portulaca minensis is a poorly known species of Portulacaceae, considered exclusive to the campo rupestre vegetation in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It shares morphological features with members of the Cryptopetala clade, composed of P. mucronata, P. cryptopetala, and P. hirsutissima. The purpose of this paper is to expand the knowledge about the taxonomy...

Unlike seed plants, ferns leaves are considered to be structures with delayed determinacy, with a leaf apical meristem similar to the shoot apical meristems. To better understand the meristematic organization during leaf development and determinacy control, we analyzed the cell divisions and expression of Class I KNOX genes in Mickelia scandens, a...

The most versatile organs of extant vascular plants are leaves, along with their modifications. Because leaves vary in form, function, and development, several hypotheses have arisen to explain how leaves have developed throughout evolution. Therefore, to consolidate current thought, this chapter will unite classic morphological and anatomical data...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of physical-chemical and biological variables of the water of the Capibaribe River (state of Pernambuco, Brazil) on leaf anatomy, including ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigment of Salvinia auriculata. Specimens of S. auriculata collected in the Gurjaú River, an area with a low pollution de...

In this study, we performed a detailed anatomical analysis of the androecium and gynoecium in 16 species belonging to three out of the eight Bromeliaceae subfamilies, with a first-time description of the interlocular zone in anthers, a diagnostic character for Quesnelia and Aechmea species. Other potential taxonomic characters were observed: protub...

Intermittent water availability characterizes the canopy habitat, but few studies have focused on how C3 epiphytic bromeliads deal with drought. In this context, we investigated how water deficits affect the photosynthetic responses of the epiphytic bromeliad Vriesea gigantea regarding its physiological and anatomical traits that can minimize the e...

Premise The inflorescence of Passiflora species originates from a bud complex that derives from an initially undivided meristem and ultimately produces flowers and tendrils. Because the development of the inflorescence structures derived from such meristems has been variously interpreted, we investigated the ontogeny of the bud complex and the expr...

Premise: Laticifers have evolved multiple times in angiosperms and have been interpreted as a key innovation involved in plant defense mechanisms. In Malpighiaceae, laticifers were previously known from a single lineage of trees and shrubs, the Galphimia clade, but with detailed anatomical analyses here, we show that their distribution is broader...

The vascular system of monocotyledons, including Commelinaceae, has been studied since the 19th century, but to date, the proposed vascular architecture models consist of schematic representations partially based on the authors' interpretation. One of the greatest difficulties in studying these systems is the large number of vascular bundles and th...

Pollen transfer to the stigma is the primary mechanism of sexual reproduction in plants. Among bee species that act as pollen vectors and pollinators, attributes such as floral visitation rate, synchrony with the receptive phase of the flower, compatibility between flower shape and foraging behavior, and morphological traits are often used to infer...

This work explains about the laticifers formation in Galphimia brasiliensis and was presented in Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica in Quito, Ecuador.

Phytohormones are essential for controlling abilities of plant species to overcome stress conditions, and influence some aspects of stomatal control, preventing excessive water loss. This study investigates the correlation between foliar phytohormones levels, water status and stomatal conductance in an evergreen woody species (Cynophalla flexuosa)...

Unifacial leaves are described in different angiosperm groups, especially in monocotyledons, which show anatomical and molecular evidence of an abaxialization process. Among the structural characters, the anatomy of epidermis and growth tissues has been reported. Special focus has been given to vascularization patterns, such as the presence and org...

The Nidularioid complex, as formed by the genera Nidularium Lem., Wittrockia Lindm., Neoregelia L.B.Sm., Canistropsis (Mez) Leme and Edmundoa Leme, is a Bromelioideae group known for its difficult generic delimitation. This difficulty is attributed to the large number of nonexclusive characters that are used in these genera, which demonstrates thei...

Extrafloral glands in Passifloraceae species have aroused the interest of many researchers because of their wide morphological diversity. The present work analyzed the foliar glands on 34 species of Passiflora from samples containing glands in the petiole and foliar blade fixed in 50% solution of formaldehyde-ethanol-acetic acid and stored in a 70%...

Continuation of S1 Fig. A-B Glands of P. elegans on petiole (A) and at the margin of leaf blade (B). C-D. Glands of P. ferruginea on petiole (C) and on abaxial surface of leaf blade (D). E-F. Glands of P. galbana on petiole (E) and at the margin of leaf blade (F). G. Gland of P. gardneri at the margin of leaf blade. H-I. Glands of P. haematostigma...

Continuation of S3 Fig. A. Gland of P. organensis on abaxial surface of leaf blade. B. Petiolar gland of P. racemosa. C-D. Glands of P. serratodigitata on petiole (C) and at the margin of leaf blade (D). E. Petiolar gland of P. setacea. F-G. Glands of P. sidifolia on petiole (F) and at the margin of leaf blade (G). H. Petiolar gland of P. suberosa....

Collection numbers of the analyzed species of Passiflora L. (DOCX)

Structural diversity of extrafloral nectaries (EFN) in Passiflora L. species, showing secretory region (arrow) in longitudinal section of glands. A-C Petiolar glands in P. actinia, P. ambigua and P. coccinea, respectively. D Gland of P. coccinea on abaxial surface of leaf blade. E-F Glands of P. contracta on petiole (E) and on abaxial surface of le...

Continuation of S2 Fig. A. Gland of P. kermesina at the margin of leaf blade. B-D. Petiolar gland of P. laurifolia, P. maliformis and P. ligularis, respectively. E-F Glands of P. miersii at the margin of leaf blade (E) and petiole (F). G. Gland of P. misera on the abaxial surface of leaf blade. H. Petiolar gland of P. morifolia. I-J Glands of P. od...

The aim of the study is to compare distinct morphological characters of Metrodorea (Rutaceae) with those of related genera, under a phylogenetic approach. Morphoanatomy of leaves was analyzed, and data concerning reproductive structures were compiled from the literature. We used available molecular sequences to recover a maximum likelihood tree, an...

Propolis is a complex mixture of beeswax, resinous and volatile substances produced by honeybees with material collected from plant exudates. The essential oil obtained from a propolis samples from southern Brazil was extracted by hydro-distillation. The yield of oil is high (8.5%), and its major constituents are the monoterpenes α-pinene (86%), β-...

Background: Passiflora (passionflowers) makes an excellent model for studying plant evolutionary development. They are mostly perennial climbers that display axillary tendrils, which are believed to be modifications of the inflorescence. Passionflowers are also recognized by their unique flower features, such as the extra whorls of floral organs co...

One of the most remarkable features of Cactaceae are the areoles, axillary outgrowths, which produce trichomes, spines and leaves. The subfamily Opuntioideae K. Schum. shows the widest diversity of transition forms between leaves and spines, which represents anatomical evidence that spines and glochids are modified leaves. The purpose of this paper...

The main goal of this study is to provide an overview of the composition and ultrastructure of the leaf cuticular wax from two Brazilian cultivars of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), one of them drought tolerant. The cuticular wax constituents were identified by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the micromorphological ch...

By their wide morphological diversity, succulent leaves have aroused the interest of many researchers. Nonetheless, comparative anatomical studies of unifacial, bifacial, and subunifacial leaves are scarce. To address this gap, our study examines the growth and differentiation of vascular tissues in succulent leaves of 12 families of angiosperms. A...

Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. and Canistropsis (Mez) Leme belong to the subfamily Bromelioideae, which has the largest morphological diversity in Bromeliaceae. The flower buds of Aechmea distichantha Lem. and Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schult. f.) Leme were collected, fixed, and processed according to usual techniques in plant anatomy. The specie...

Species of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) often possess succulent leaves with wide morphological diversity, including flat and terete leaves. Terete leaves are described as not developing a marginal meristem during their growth, but in Portulacineae little is known about anatomical development in this particular leaf type. To better un...

Este trabalho apresenta uma caracterização anatômica dos segmentos caulinares de quatro espécies de Opuntioideae com ênfase nos sistemas de revestimento e fundamental, e uma revisão dos estudos anatômicos para a subfamília. Alguns caracteres permitiram distinguir as espécies examinadas, tais como: posição dos estômatos em relação às demais células...

Most members of Sapindales are characterized by compound leaves, but several genera also (or only) produce simple or unifoliolate leaves. A few genera may bear stipules or pseudostipules. Little is known about the morphological structure and morphogenesis of these types of leaves in Sapindales, but this information is required for comparative and e...

Anatomical characters often provide strong taxonomic evidence and many times help define species whose morphological limits are in question. This study aimed to survey characters of the leaf anatomy of 16 species of Crotalaria L. occurring mostly in the cerrado (savanna) of central Brazil and in areas of restinga (coastal woodland, or sandy forest)...

The Didiereaceae of the Caryophyllales contains 20 species in three subfamilies: Calyptrothecoideae (2 species from the dry parts of tropical north-east Africa), Didiereoideae (11 species from semi-arid areas in Madagascar) and Portulacarioideae (7 species, mainly from the arid south-western Africa). We performed Bayesian inference and maximum like...

We investigated the presence and orientation of peripheral vascular bundles in leaves of 81 species representing 72 genera of Aizoaceae. Our study included a wide range of morphological shapes of leaves sampled from all four subfamilies of Aizoaceae, with an emphasis on succulent leaves found in Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae. Our anatomical...

Vernonieae is one of the major tribes in Asteraceae (subfamily Cichorioideae) with ca. 1,100 species placed into 129 genera. Currently, 21 subtribes are recognized in Vernonieae and one of them is Lychnophorinae, almost entirely endemic to Brazil, containing 11 genera and ca. 100 species. About 42 % of Lychnophorinae genera are monophyletic, reflec...

The main anatomical features of Tibouchina granulosa (Desr.) Cong. (Melastomataceae) have been investigated in order to assess the potential of the species as a possible biomonitor of air pollution in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Various types of trichomes located on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves of this ornamental tree were abl...

The main anatomical features of Tibouchina granulosa (Desr.) Cong. (Melastomataceae) have been investigated in order to assess the potential of the species as a possible biomonitor of air pollution in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Various types of trichomes located on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves of this ornamental tree were abl...

Members of Arrojadoa exhibit a variety of underground structures that can originate from roots or stems. Although the development of underground structures of stem origin in Arrojadoa represents a unique trait among Cactaceae of eastern Brazil, no detailed reports on the morphological diversity of such structures are available. The present morpho‐a...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the absorption and translocation of Ca, Co, Fe, K and Zn in plants of Aechmea blanchetiana grown in in vitro conditions contaminated with Zn (0.0, 0.18, 1.8, 18 and 180 mg Zn L-1). After 16 weeks of in vitro culture, root and shoot systems (leaves and stem) were separated, dried for dry mass measurements and neu...

ABSTRACT - (Accumulation of mineral nutrients in Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Smith (Bromeliaceae) contaminated with zinc during in vitro culture). The aim of this work was to evaluate the absorption and translocation of Ca, Co, Fe, K and Zn in plants of Aechmea blanchetiana grown in in vitro conditions contaminated with Zn (0.0, 0.18, 1.8, 1...

Plant mines are structures with the form of a cavity caused by consumption of host plant tissue by the insect's miner larvae. Plant mines are more common in leaves, but in Cipocereus minensis, a species in which the leaves are modified spines, the miner activity is restricted to the stem. The aim of this paper was to document the morphological and...

Previous anatomical studies have been restricted to the foliar aspects of Pilocarpus. However, no anatomical studies analyzing the foliar aspects of Pilocarpus in relation to related genera have been carried out. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify characters for future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Rutaceae, particularly in Pi...

This first record of vivipary in the Amaranthaceae is reported for the foredune plant Alternanthera littoralis var. maritima (July 2008, northern coast of Brazil). Vivipary is the precocious and uninterrupted growth of the seedlings while still attached to the maternal body. We propose a hypothesis for the viviparous germination of this species bas...

In this study, the morpho-anatomical features of Hatiora salicornioides (Harworth) Britton & Rose, Rhipsalis floccosa Salm-Dyck Pfeiffer, Rhipsalis elliptica G. Lindb. ex K. Schum. and Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haworth. were studied during different phases of stem development. Primary (more developed) and terminal (less developed) segments showed...

The internal morphology of embryos from immature and mature fruits of Heliconia bihai (L.) L. cv. Lobster Claw Two was examined. Embryos were inoculated into MS media (full MS and ½ MS) and GA3 (0, 2.5 and 5 mg L-1) with either sucrose or glucose. These plantlets were then replicated and transferred to MS medium (full MS or ½ MS) with 0 or 2.5 mg L...

In specialized literature, reports on anatomy of miners in host plants are few in number. These agents trigger excavations, or paths, by consumption of plant inner tissues by larvae of several insects. The aim of this work was to investigate leaf miner occurrence in Commelina diffusa (a cosmopolitan plant) and Floscopa glabrata (an amphibious plant...

The absence of WBTs and wood polymorphisms in some species of the Caryophyllales may be related to the particular area of plant analyzed. The present research has the objective of studying the photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic stems of different species and stages of differentiation to register wood polymorphisms and to understand the distributi...

This work describes the occurrence and distribution pattern of non-lignified parenchyma in species of Cactaceae and Portulacaceae, of which samples of roots and stems of six species of Cactaceae and four species of Portulacaceae were analysed. The first records of non-lignified parenchyma in Portulacaceae were obtained and, in the case of Cactaceae...

Studies of wide-band tracheids (WBTs) have aroused the interest of researchers who have searched to understand their origin, function, and phylogenetic implications. The present research has the objective of studying the distribution of WBTs, together with anatomic aspects of vegetative organs in different stages of Pilosocereus aurisetus, in order...

Este trabalho aborda aspectos da caracterização morfológica dos elementos traqueais dos órgãos vegetativos de quatro espécies de Portulacaceae (Portulaca hirsutissima Camb., P. halimoides L., P. werdermannii Poelln., e de P. mucronata Link.) ocorrentes na região Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. Os elementos de vaso observados são todos pequenos (< 25...

This paper deals with the morphological features of the tracheary elements of the vegetative organs in four Portulaca species (Portulaca hirsutissima Camb., P. halimoides L., P. wedermannii Poelln. and P. mucronata Link.) occurring in Southeast and Northeast Brazil. The vessel elements are small (< 25 μm) and with simple perforation plate. The patt...

Mines or hyponomes are channels caused by larva miners consuming internal plant tissues. These miners live on the leaf and feed from these tissues. Leaf mines are usually visible on the exterior of the leaf as serpentine paths, blotches, or other characteristic shapes of discolored tissues. Morphological and structural modifications undergone by mi...

Thispaperproposesanewinterpretationforprimarythickeninginmonocotyledons.Theanatomyofthevegetativeorgansofthefollowingspecieswasexamined:Cephalostemonriedelianus(Rapataceae),Cyperuspapyrus(Cyperaceae),Lagenocarpusrigidus,L.junciformis(Cyperaceae),Echinodoruspaniculatus(Alis-mataceae)andZingiberofficinale(Zingiberaceae).Theendodermiswithmeristematicac...

Anatomy of the vegetative organs of Cactaceae of the caatinga from Pernambuco). Root and cladode transections of five species of Cactaceae from a "caatinga" of Pernambuco ( Harrisia adscendens (Gürke) Britton & Rose; Melocactus × horridus Wedermann; M. zenhtneri (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb.; Tacinga inamoena (Schumann) Taylor & Stuppy, and T. palmado...

This paper proposes a new interpretation for primary thickening in monocotyledons. The anatomy of the vegetative organs of the following species was examined: Cephalostemon riedelianus (Rapataceae), Cyperus papyrus (Cyperaceae), Lagenocarpus rigidus, L. junciformis (Cyperaceae), Echinodorus paniculatus (Alismataceae) and Zingiber officinale (Zingib...

Palavras-chave: anatomia, Cactaceae, caatinga, elementos traqueais ABSTRACT - (Traqueary elements of five taxons of Cactaceae of the caatinga from Pernambuco State, Brazil). This work brings a morphological characterization of traqueary elements (vessels and tracheids) in root and cladode of five taxons of Cactaceae (Harrisia adscendens (Gurke) Bri...

A estrutura interna da folha de espécies de Richterago mostrou-se bastante variável em relação à organização do mesofilo e à distribuição dos estômatos. Como caráter de valor taxonômico, apenas o tipo de tricoma tector foi utilizado nas relações entre R. arenaria e R. lanata,R. conduplicata e R. radiata, cujas folhas são morfologicamente semelhante...

Despite formal separation based on molecular and morphological evidence, the genera Prosthechea Knowles & Westc. and Encyclia Hook. have not been studied in terms of their vegetative anatomy. In this study we examine 16 Brazilian species of these genera. Additionally, one species of subtribe Laeliinae and another from subtribe Oncidiinae were studi...

Solanum stramonifolium Dunal. (Solanaceae) is a pioneer species very common in the Atlantic forest of northeast Brazil. The plants bear extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) that are frequently visited by ants. Ant exclusion experiments show reduced seed set in plants without ants. This paper describes the morphology and anatomy of the nectary of S. stramon...

The meristematic endodermis in adventitious roots of Richterago species originates in one of the fundamental meristem cells, which undergo sucessive anticlinal and periclinal divisions to build the inner cortex. The meristematic endodermis or proendodermis remains as a meristematic layer until its differentiation into endodermis, with Casparian str...

A study on the vegetative organ anatomy of Ianthopappus corymbosus was conducted in order to provide a basis for comparison with the genus Richterago, since this species had been previously included in that genus. The anatomical characters of I. corymbosus that support its exclusion from the genus Richteragon are: epithelial cell organization of ad...

The leaf mine in Richterago riparia is caused by a lepidopteran larva (lepidopteronome). The leaves of R. riparia show campdodrome venation; the epidermis is unistratified, with stomata and glandular trichomes in adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The mesophyll is bilateral and the vascular system is collateral. During the formation of the mine, the lar...

Neste estudo observou-se que os tegumentos seminais de Caesalpinia ferrea, C. pyramidalis, Senna martiana e S. spectabilis var. excelsa estão compostos de um estrato de macrosclereídes, revestido por cutícula e subcutícula, seguido por uma camada de osteosclereídes, parênquima esclerificado e camada interna também de osteosclereídes. A impermeabili...

We compared the reproductive systems in populations of Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don, C. bullosa DC. and C. hirta (L.) D. Don. (Melastomataceae). The three species occur in small populations in forest margins at Mata de Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil and are sympatric. They flower throughout the year, and are occasionaly visited by...

We compared the reproductive systems in populations of Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don, C. bullosa DC. and C. hirta (L.) D. Don. (Melastomataceae). The three species occur in small populations in forest margins at Mata de Dois Irmaos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil and are sympatric. They flower throughout the year, and are occasionaly visited by...

Miconia ciliata is a shrub whith flowers over a period of 11 months. The flowers are hermaphrodite with diurnal anthesis. Probably Miconia ciliata exhibits gametophytic incompatibility - pollen tube growth's interrupted in the style. Bees of the family Halictidae were observed to use the vibration technique to extract pollen (buzz pollination). Onl...