Gladys Martinez

• Ph.D.
• Statistician at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

In the last 2 decades, the United States has seen an increase in childlessness and first births at older ages. Using the National Survey of Family Growth, we focus on women aged 35 – 44 who are voluntarily childless (expect no children and are fecund or contraceptively sterile). We compare these women to those who are involuntarily childless (fecun...

Objective—This report presents national estimates of age at first menstrual period for women aged 15–44 in the United States in 2013–2017 based on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Estimates for 2013–2017 are compared with those from previous NSFG survey periods (1995, 2002, and 2006–2010). Methods—Data for all survey periods a...

Monitoring sexual activity and contraceptive use among teenagers aged 15-19 in the United States informs understanding of the risk of pregnancy. By 2018, the U.S. birth rate for teenagers dropped 72% from its peak in 1991 (1), paralleling a decline in the teen pregnancy rate (1,2). While this represents progress toward national goals, these rates a...

Importance Pelvic examination is no longer recommended for asymptomatic, nonpregnant women and may cause harms such as false-positive test results, overdiagnosis, anxiety, and unnecessary costs. The bimanual pelvic examination (BPE) is an invasive and controversial examination component. Cervical cancer screening is not recommended for women younge...

Introduction: This report uses data from the 2022‒2023 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to estimate receipt of family planning services by selected characteristics among females ages 15‒49 in the United States. Methods: NSFG data were collected through a multi-mode design (in-person and web interviews) with a nationally representative sam...

Background: Tubal sterilization is more commonly utilized by racial/ethnic minority groups and has been implicated in underscreening for cervical cancer. The objective is to determine if prior tubal sterilization is a risk factor for cervical cancer underscreening. Methods: National Survey of Family Growth dataset from 2015 to 2019 used for analysi...

This report presents national estimates of selected fertility measures for men and women aged 15–49 in the United States in 2015–2019, based on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG).

Objective-This report presents national estimates of selected fertility measures for men and women aged 15-49 in the United States in 2015-2019, based on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Overall estimates for 2015-2019 are compared with those for 2011-2015.

Objective—This report presents national estimates of selected fertility measures for men and women aged 15–44 in the United States in 2011–2015 based on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Estimates for 2011–2015 are compared with those for 2006–2010. Methods—Data were collected through in-person interviews of a nationally repres...

Objective: National guidelines advise providers to counsel patients about contraception and condom use during sexual and reproductive health care visits. This study assesses provider communication with adolescent and young women about birth control, emergency contraception, and condoms during such visits. Study design: Using data from sexually a...

Objective—This report presents national estimates of sexual activity and contraceptive use among males and females aged 15-19 in the United States in 2011-2015, based on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). For selected indicators, data are also presented from the 1988, 1995, 2002, and 2006-2010 NSFGs, and from the 1988 and 1995 N...

This poster looks a the relationship between educational attainment and the number of children women have, the tempo of fertility, and timing of first birth among the baby boomer, GenX and Millenial generations.

In 2010, one-fifth of the U.S. population lived in rural areas (1). There is known variation in social, demographic, and health characteristics across urban and rural residence (1–3). Recent National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reports show higher teen birth and infant mortality rates in rural counties than in urban counties (4,5). Less is...

Key findings Data from the National Survey of Family Growth •Among U.S. women aged 15–44 in 2013–2015, 50% expected to have a child in the future. •In 2013–2015, differences were seen by age in women’s expectations to have a child in the future, regardless of the number of biological children they have had. •In 2013–2015, women on average expected...

Monitoring sexual activity and contraceptive use among U.S. adolescents is important for understanding differences in their risk of pregnancy. In 2013, the U.S. birth rate for teenagers aged 15-19 dropped 57% from its peak in 1991 (1), paralleling a decline in the teen pregnancy rate (1-2). But these rates are still higher than those in other devel...

The percentage of fathers aged 15-44 whose first births were nonmarital was lower in the 2000s (36%) than in the previous 2 decades. Fathers with first births in the 2000s were more likely to be in a nonmarital cohabiting union (24%) than those in the 1980s (19%). The percentage of fathers with a nonmarital first birth over the past 3 decades has r...

Data from the National Vital Statistics System and the National Survey of Family Growth. Nonmarital births and birth rates have declined 7% and 14%, respectively, since peaking in the late 2000s. Births to unmarried women totaled 1,605,643 in 2013. About 4 in 10 U.S. births were to unmarried women in each year from 2007 through 2013. Nonmarital bir...

Objective—This report presents national estimates of the use of family planning services and related medical services among women aged 15–44 in the United States in 2006–2010. Selected indicators are compared with similar measures for 2002 and 1995 to examine changes overtime. Methods—Data for this report come primarily from the 2006–2010 National...

This poster looks at the following questions: 1. How has childbearing to cohabiting women changed over the last 3 decades? 2. What percentage of nonmarital births were to cohabiting women? 3. What percentage of non-marital conceptions result in cohabitation or marriage at the time of the birth? 4. What proportion of births to cohabiting women are i...

Objective: A shift toward later initiation of cervical cancer screening for women began in 2002. We generated national estimates of screening prevalence rates and guideline-consistent screening among U.S. women ages 15-29 before and after the first evidence-based recommendations for reduced cervical cancer screening. Method: We used National Sur...

Objective—This report presents data on the prevalence of oral sex with opposite-sex partners and the timing of first oral sex relative to first vaginal intercourse among females and males aged 15–24 based on the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) data from 2007–2010. The question on timing, added to the NSFG in 2007, asked females and males wh...

This report presents national estimates of the fertility of men and women aged 15-44 years in the United States in 2006-2010 based on the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Data are compared with similar measures for 2002. Descriptive tables of numbers, percentages, and means are presented and discussed. Data were collected through in-person...

This poster looks at how has the sequencing of first sex, first marriage, and first births vary by Hispanic origin and race? How has this pattern changed over time? What are the odds of marrying following a premarital conception and before the child is born? What characteristics are associated with this transition.

This report presents national estimates of sexual activity, contraceptive use, and births among males and females aged 15-19 in the United States in 2006-2010 from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). For selected indicators, data are also presented from the 1988, 1995, and 2002 NSFG, and from the 1988 and 1995 National Survey of Adolescent...

Key findings: Most teenagers received formal sex education before they were 18 (96% of female and 97% of male teenagers). Female teenagers were more likely than male teenagers to report first receiving instruction on birth control methods in high school (47% compared with 38%). Younger female teenagers were more likely than younger male teenagers...

This report presents national estimates of sexual activity, contraceptive use, and births among males and females 15-19 years of age in the United States in 2006-2008 from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Selected data are also presented from the 1988, 1995, and 2002 NSFGs, and from the 1988 and 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males...

Sex education in schools and other places, as well as received from parents, provides adolescents with information to make informed choices about sex at a crucial period of their development. Using data from the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), this report examines the percentage of male and female teenagers 15-19 years who receiv...

To understand whether and how recency of sexual activity is associated with Pap testing rates among young women. We analyzed data on self-reported receipt of Pap testing and initiation of sexual activity among young women and girls aged 15 to 24 years using the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, an in-person, population-based survey of reproduc...

In 2002, the National Center for Health Statistics conducted Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), surveying a nationally representative sample of 12,500 women and men from 15 to 44 years of age, including more than 2,700 Hispanics. The process for developing the Spanish version of the NSFG included modified committee translation,...

This report presents national estimates of fertility, family formation, contraceptive use, and father involvement indicators among males 15-44 years of age in the United States in 2002 from Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Data are also shown for women for purposes of comparison. Descriptive tables of numbers and percentages...

This report presents national estimates of fertility, family planning, and reproductive health indicators among females 15-44 years of age in the United States in 2002 from Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). For selected indicators, data are also compared with earlier cycles of the NSFG. Descriptive tables of numbers and percen...

This report presents national estimates of sexual activity, contraceptive use, and births among males and females 15-19 years of age in the United States in 2002 from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Data are also presented from the 1988 and 1995 NSFGs, and from the 1988 and 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males (NSAM). Descriptive t...

This report presents national estimates of contraceptive use and method choice based on the 1982, 1995, and 2002 National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG). It also presents data on where women obtained family planning and medical services, and some of the services that they received. Data were collected through in-person interviews with 12,571 men a...

Repeated findings that men underreport their fertility in social surveys raises concerns about the usefulness of survey data collected from men. We calculate the birth rate reported by unmarried males ages 15–19 in the National Survey of Adolescent Males. We also calculate the rate of fatherhood among adolescent males from maternal reports in the N...

The role of adult men in adolescent childbearing has received heightened attention in recent years, and new policy efforts have focused on statutory rape laws as a way to reduce adolescent childbearing. Analyses of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey indicate, however, that these policies would not apply to most teenage births. Amon...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, Md., 1998. Thesis research directed by Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-154).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Maryland at College Park, 1993. Thesis research directed by Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-45).