Giuseppe Siciliani

• University of Ferrara

This case report describes an orthodontic treatment combining aesthetic aligners with miniscrews and auxiliaries in an adult patient with Class II skeletal pattern and severe deep bite. A 38-year-old hypodivergent male patient with skeletal class II and severe deep bite presented for orthodontic treatment. The patient refused orthognathic surgery a...

Background The purpose of the present in vivo study was to compare the accuracy, in terms of trueness, between full-arch digital impressions of different intraoral scanning systems, using as a reference the ideality of the conventional impression technique. Methods Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) two-step technique impressions of 27 subjects were taken,...

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective preliminary study was to analyze the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of a new clear functional appliance in a sample of patients close to growth spurt with class II malocclusion attributable to mandibular retrusion. Materials and methods: A sample of growing patients underwent functional Class II corr...

Correction of the anterior crossbite associated with a skeletal Class III malocclusion in the early mixed dentition requires immediate intervention to allow for favorable growth and d correction of both functional and esthetic aspects of the malocclusion. This Pearl demonstrates the use of a rapid palatal expander with active anterior arms for cros...

Objective This study aims to evaluate success factors implicated in clinical orthodontic miniscrew stability after their interradicular placement in maxilla.Materials and methodsSix hundred seventy-six miniscrews were inserted in maxillary interradicular sites in a sample of 276 patients (109 males and 167 females; mean age 19 ± 1.7 years) and imme...

This case report demonstrates how the use of skeletal anchorage and appropriate orthodontic biomechanics can be used to resolve even complex cases, reducing unwanted dental movements and allowing the use of a partial vestibular appliance. It describes the complete mesialization of the left upper third molar and space closure following extraction of...

Introduction The objective was to describe the dental and skeletal changes obtained using the Carriere Motion Appliance (CMA), lateral cephalogram, and the corresponding cephalometric tracings. Methods A sample of 29 patients with Class II malocclusion (mean age, 12.6 ± 1.7 years) was retrospectively selected. All patients were treated at a single...

Two case reports are presented showing how the strategic use of skeletal anchorage via orthodontic miniscrews manages to solve the complex problems of orthodontic disimpaction of second mandibular molars with excellent anchorage control and reduction of the adverse effects common to the use of conventional methods. The temporary anchorage device (T...

This report shows a patient with a unilateral scissor bite of the upper and lower right second molars who was treated using a hybrid approach—involving clear aligners and fixed buccal sectional appliances with miniscrew anchorage—after aligners alone failed to achieve the planned outcome.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine and compare the play and torque expression of self-ligating and conventionally ligated lingual brackets, with square and rectangular slots, when engaged with archwires of different size, cross section and material.Methods Passive play and torque expression of 3 types of archwires and 5 types of bra...

Tip and torque control is one of the most difficult aspects of orthodontic extraction treat- ment, particularly with fixed lingual appliances.

Objectives To compare the degree of accuracy of the Face Hunter facial scanner and the Dental Pro application for facial scanning, with respect to both manual measurements and each other. Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients were measured manually and scanned using each device. Six reference markers were placed on each subject's face at the...

Objective: To assess the effects of thermoforming on aligner thickness and gap width in six aligner systems with the same nominal thickness. Methods: Six passive upper aligners of different brands were adapted to a single printed cast. Each sample was evaluated with high-resolution micro-computed tomography. To investigate aligner thickness and...

The introduction of 3D diagnostic methods has brought about a global revolution in modern orthodontics. Among these, the introduction of digital data systems (digital models as STL files and cone-beam computed tomography scans in DICOM format) has had great clinical impact. The latest orthodontic application of these types of data is the possibilit...

Objective The twofold aim of the present investigation was to: 1. evaluate the degree of mid-palatal suture (MPS) maturation via CBCT in relation to patient age, and 2. to determine whether there was a correlation between quantitative (i.e., suture density) and qualitative (i.e., suture morphology) analysis. Materials and methods The stage of mid-...

Background The aim of this study is to compare the biomechanical effects of the conventional 0.019 × 0.025-in stainless steel archwire with the dual-section archwire when en-masse retraction is performed with sliding mechanics and skeletal anchorage. Methods Models of maxillary dentition equipped with the 0.019 × 0.025-in archwire and the dual-sec...

Objective: To investigate the types of dental emergencies that occurred during the lockdown period in Italy (12th March-4th May) and to investigate future therapeutic preferences related to the use of different types of appliances. Material and Methods: A questionnaire dedicated to assessing dental emergencies during the lockdown period and survey...

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of miniscrews of 5 different lengths, 2 different diameters, and different combinations of insertion used for palatal skeletal anchorage. Materials and methods Twenty-four different combinations of a total of 120 miniscrews of two different diameters (2.0 mm and 2.3 m...

This case report describes orthodontic treatment including both skeletal maxillary expansion and unilateral distalization by means of a single bone-borne appliance followed by clear aligner therapy in a young adult patient. A surgical guide was digitally designed and three-dimensionally printed to facilitate the placement of four miniscrews in the...

Objective: To evaluate the subgingival microbiological changes during the first six months of therapy with clear aligners (CAs) and fixed appliances (FAs). The null hypothesis was that there would be no microbiological differences between the two. Setting/sample: Two groups of patients to be treated, respectively, with CAs (14 patients; 9 female...

This case report describes a successful orthodontic therapy of an adult female treated by mandibular central incisor extraction and vestibular fixed appliances. The patient presented a skeletal Class I with normodivergent facial pattern, Class II subdivision dental relationship, extremely deep Curve of Spee and severe overbite. Moreover, during the...

Objective This report describes the fluorescence‐aided composite removal during lingual bracket debonding with an ultraviolet light emitting diode flashlight. The purpose of this technique is to help clinicians in composite removal without enamel surface damage. Clinical considerations The bracket debonding requires clinical attention in order to...

Background Class III patients are characterized by a deficiency of the maxilla and/or a prognathism of the mandible and require early treatment. Diagnosis This case report describes the treatment of a 5-year-old patient with a skeletal class III relationship, a significant mandibular symphysis deviation towards the right side and a different heigh...

Background: To investigate and compare the gap (i.e. fit) and thickness of six aligner systems (Airnivol, ALL IN, Arc Angel, F22, Invisalign and Nuvola) using industrial computed tomography (CT). The null hypothesis was that there would be no detectable differences in either measurement between the aligners investigated. Materials and methods: P...

Obiettivi: valutare il livello di consapevolezza di un gruppo di bambini della stessa scuola (età media 11,15 anni) sulle proprie conoscenze in merito all'igiene orale, prima e dopo una lezione sulla salute orale. Valutare quanto una lezione sia in grado di influenzare le abitudini dei soggetti in esame. Metodi: attraverso un questionario sono stat...

Objective A smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) strategy to collect real time data on awake bruxism (AB) has been recently introduced. The aim of this study was to assess the compliance with its use over 1 week in a sample of healthy young adults. Method Sixty (N = 60) healthy young adults (mean age 24.2 ± 4.1 years) used a dedi...

The Spider Link is a new palatal skeletal anchorage system that integrates Spider self-ligating miniscrews and prefabricated stainless steel Power Plates. This combination can be used to accomplish a number of tooth movements, including mesialization, distaliza- tion, intrusion, and constriction of the maxillary teeth.

Introduction: This case demonstrates that hybrid application of clear aligners can be a rational and efficient approach for treating malocclusions, as compared with a clear aligner therapy alone option in which the magnitude of some movements would require a higher number of aligners and likely further refinement. Treatment plan and progress: After...

A critical aspect of the orthodontic treatment is patient cooperation, especially in nonextraction treatment. The introduction of the use of mini-implants in orthodontics and the development of protocols integrated with the Bidimensional Technique (MGBM System) have overcome these difficulties while maintaining high-quality treatment results. The t...

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the characteristics of as received and retrieved NiTi archwires at a constant temperature by plotting their load/deflection graphs and quantifying three parameters describing the discharge plateau phase. Materials and methods Two hundred four NiTi archwires, traditional and heat-activa...

Plain-language-summary Nowadays, drug-induced sleep endoscopy is widely recognised as a valid tool for diagnosis and treatment planning of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), as it allows a direct visualisation of sites and patterns of collapse of the upper airways (UA). Various classifications have been proposed in the literature to describe...

This case report discussed a combined surgical-orthodontic rescue of two impacted teeth in a large dentigerous cyst by the means of fixed orthodontic appliances. After careful evaluation of the 3D radiographic exams, extraction of the deciduous elements was carried out, followed by marsupialization and orthodontic traction of the impacted teeth. Su...

Aims: To assess the correlation between tooth wear and sleep-time masseter muscle activity (sMMA) in a group of healthy young adults who underwent home electromyographic/electrocardiographic (EMG/ECG) recordings with a portable device. Methods: A total of 41 healthy volunteers (23 women, 18 men; mean age 28.8 years, range 25 to 40) with good nat...

This case shows that using a rapid palatal expander (RPE) and then a pendulum appliance anchored to palatal miniscrews is an option for improving treatment management in a noncompliant patient requiring maxillary expansion and molar distalization in the late mixed dentition. First, an RPE was used to expand the maxillary arch. Then, a modified pend...

Aims Mechanical properties along the length of latest generation “multi-force” archwires were measured and compare with commercially available thermally activated and non-thermally activated nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires. Materials and methods A modified deflection test was used to produce load/deflection curves for different positions along th...

Background To assess the efficacy of a multibracket appliance—Straight-wire Mirabella (SWM) prescription—in terms of achieving the ideal first-, second- and third-order values proposed by Andrews. Material and Methods A total sample of 46 Caucasian subjects was divided into two groups: 23 with class I malocclusion (Group 1), and 23 with class II m...

The primary disadvantages of the bonded rapid maxillary expander are gin-gival irritation and difficulty removing the appliance. This Pearl introduces a modification in which, rather than bonding the acrylic pads, the operator bands the appliance to the second deciduous molars. The acrylic pads simply rest over the oc-clusal surfaces like a bite bl...

Background: This study aims to evaluate if invisible orthodontic retainers can affect sleep-time masticatory muscle activity (sMMA) over a short-term period in healthy individuals. Methods: Nineteen (N = 19) healthy subjects underwent an in-home evaluation with a portable device for electromyographic (EMG) assessment. The study protocol provided...

Background: To describe an esthetic orthodontic treatment using aligners in an adult patient with class II subdivision associated with crowding and dental crossbite. An 18-year-old hyperdivergent male patient with skeletal class II from mandibular retrusion presented for an orthodontic treatment. Occlusally, the patient presents class II subdivisi...

Background: Low-frequency vibrations have been proposed as a means of accelerating tooth movement and reducing orthodontic treatment times. Objective: To determine any differences in the accuracy of dental movement in patients treated with a low-frequency vibration aligner protocol and/or by reducing the aligner replacement interval with respect...

Objective: To investigate the association between volumetric measurements of craniofacial morphology and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods: Computerized tomography (CT) scans of 20 individuals aged 18 to 40 with (TMD group) or without TMJ pain (control group) were gathered based on a case-control design. Three-dimensional reconstructions...

This case report describes the use of a miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander and aligners to correct bilateral cross-bite and crowding in an adult patient with a Class III skeletal pattern. A digitally designed surgical guide was three-dimensionally printed and used to accurately insert four miniscrews into the palate; these were employed to a...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in a group of growing skeletal Class III patients treated with hybrid rapid palatal expansion and facemask. Methods: Twenty-eight growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were treated using a rapid maxillary expander with hybrid anchorage...

Objectives: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the association between possible sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) with sleep characteristics and chronotype (i.e. circadian cycle preference). Methods: One-hundred-nineteen young adults filled out a self-reported questionnaire to assess SB and AB, a questionnaire about daily life...

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictability of F22 aligners (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Italy) in guiding teeth into the positions planned using digital orthodontic setup. Methods Sixteen adult patients (6 males and 10 females, mean age 28 years 7 months) were selected, and a total of 345 teeth were analysed. Pre-treatm...

Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung Untersuchung, ob Patienten mit diagnostizierten Kiefergelenkstörungen (TMDs) vergleichbar häufig eine kieferorthopädische Behandlung in der Anamnese haben, wie Personen ohne TMDs und Untersuchung, ob Patienten mit idealer kieferorthopädischer Behandlung in der Vorgeschichte weniger häufig Symptome zeigen als Patienten mi...

To answer a clinical research question: ‘is there any association between features of dental occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?’ A systematic literature review was performed. Inclusion was based on: (i) the type of study, viz., clinical studies on adults assessing the association between TMD (e.g., signs, symptoms, specific diagnoses)...

Purpose: To present the most frequent occult pathologies unexpectedly encountered via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), with particular reference to the diagnostic role of the dentist and that of the radiographer, with a view to clarifying where the diagnostic responsibility lies. Material and methods: A narrative literature review on the mo...

Objectives: To investigate possible changes and/or device-related impairments in phonetic habits produced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Materials and methods: Thirty-five patients scheduled for RME were divided into two groups: Group A (banded two-arm Hyrax) and Group B (banded four-arm Hyrax). Speech samples were collected at six time poi...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between the presence of asymmetric molar or canine Angle classes on the two sides and the presence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Materials and methods: Participants to the study were divided into two groups: TMD group (90 patients) or a control gro...

Purpose. To determine the existence of any correlation between the degree of divergence and apical and coronal arch form using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods. A total of 176 (88 coronal and 88 apical) CBCT scans pertaining to a sample of 44 subjects (16 males and 28 females), of which 26 were Class I, 14 Class II and 4...

Background The aim of this study is to investigate the relative stiffness of straight and mushroom lingual archwires of different diameters, cross sections and alloys, plotting their load/deflection graphs and using a modified three-point bending test. Methods Fujita?s mushroom archwires and straight lingual archwires of different diameters, cross...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of the screws used for rapid expansion of the upper jaw. METHODS: Ten types of expansion screw were assessed, seven with four arms: Lancer Philosophy 1, Dentaurum Hyrax Click Medium, Forestadent Anatomic Expander type "S", Forestadent Anatomic Expander type "S" for narrow pa...

Background Contemporary orthodontics involves many potentially hazardous factors, including psychological stress with proven undesirable sequelae. The purpose of this study was to gain more insight into cardiocirculatory dynamics in orthodontists during work time and specifically to investigate the potential hazard of a series of orthodontic-relate...

Purpose: This study had the aim of comparing two different methods of analysing dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF): the conventional eLISA approach and a new method involving the use of magnetic micro-beads coated with an antibody specific for DSP prior to eLISA analysis. Materials and methods: GCF was taken from si...

Introduction: The aims of the study were to determine how a panel of orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons rated the esthetic appeal of dentitions after orthodontic space closure by canine substitution compared with space opening and replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors by implant-borne crowns and to compare the outcome with the res...

Objective: To conduct an objective assessment of the level of compliance in young patients prescribed various types of removable appliances and to determine the influence of device type, treatment duration, and patient age, gender, psychological maturity, and awareness of monitoring on compliance. Materials and methods: A total of 30 patients we...

Introduction: The aims of this study were to confirm the efficacy of the Bolton index in a group of natural Class I white Italian patients with complete dentition, minimal crowding, and no previous orthodontic treatment, and to evaluate the mesiodistal tooth dimensions with multivariate cluster analysis. Methods: Tooth measurements were obtained...

Aims: To determine whether there is a correlation between any psychological features and sleep bruxism (SB). Methods: A total of 36 healthy volunteers underwent an in-home evaluation with a portable device combining electromyographic (EMG) and electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings for the diagnosis of SB. They were administered questionnaires th...

Objective: To investigate the stress release properties of four thermoplastic materials used to make orthodontic aligners when subjected to 24 consecutive hours of deflection. Materials and methods: Four types of aligner materials (two single and two double layered) were selected. After initial yield strength testing to characterize the material...

Introduction Patients with missing upper lateral incisors are challenging to treat and an ideal result does not exist, although there is evidence that good results may be achieved with both canine mesialization and space opening. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate if the closure of the spaces in bilateral agenesis of the upper late...

Objective To compare the features of the glenoid fossa and the upper incisor inclination in orthodontically untreated individuals with different facial types (i.e., short-, normo-, long-faced subjects) and to assess the existence of any correlations between the articular and incisor paramaters by means of cone-beam computed tomography. Materials an...

Aims: In order to compare the premaxilla and symphysis in Class I and Class III individuals, we measured the following parameters on CBCT scans: incisor inclination, symphyseal morphology, upper alveolar process morphology, symphyseal and maxillary leeway space, as well as anterior and posterior maxillary and mandibular bone thickness at various p...

Résumé Objectifs Pour comparer le prémaxillaire et la symphyse chez des sujets présentant une Classe I ou une Classe III, nous avons mesuré les paramètres suivants sur des scanners CBCT : inclinaison des incisives, morphologie symphysaire, morphologie des procès alvéolaires supérieurs, leeways symphysaire et maxillaire, de même que l’épaisseur oss...

Introduction Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a fluoridated varnish in preventing white spot lesions in patients with fixed appliances. A laser-induced fluorescence device was used to determine any correlations between the degree of demineralization and the length of the observation period, the arch sector, the frequency of varnish app...

Déterminer et comparer la rigidité relative d’un large éventail de fils orthodontiques fréquemment utilisés. Les fils testés étaient carrés et rectangulaires de sections variées en acier, acier supertrempé, NiTi et TMA. Notre objectif était de fournir aux cliniciens un guide utile et facile à consulter sur le choix des séquences d’arcs.

Aims: To determine and compare the relative stiffness of a large selection of commonly-used square and rectangular steel, super-tempered steel, NiTi, and TMA orthodontic archwires of various cross-sections, in order to provide the clinician with a useful, easy-to-consult guide to archwire sequence selection. Materials and methods: Twenty-four ar...

Background: The aim was to assess and compare absorbance and transmittance values of three types of clear orthodontic aligners before and after two cycles of in vitro aging. Methods: Nine samples of orthodontic aligners from three different manufacturers (Invisalign, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA; All-In, Micerium, Avegno, GE, Italy; F2...

Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate, by means of 3D software, any correlation between ethnic group and the shape and size of the dental arcade and its bony support, and to investigate the correspondence between the latter two variables within each ethnic group. The data gathered were also compared with the measurements of commercial...

Évaluer, à l’aide d’un logiciel 3D, les corrélations entre différents groupes ethniques et la forme et les dimensions de l’arcade dentaire ainsi que de son support osseux et de rechercher les correspondances entre ces deux dernières variables à l’intérieur de chaque groupe ethnique. Les données recueillies ont également été comparées avec les dimen...

Objectives: To assess if subjects with a clinical diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have a similar prevalence of orthodontic history as a population of TMD-free individuals and to assess if those subjects who have a history of ideal orthodontics have fewer symptoms than those with a history of nonideal orthodontics. Materials and me...

The present article aimed to review systematically the literature on the relation between facial skeletal structures and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. A systematic search in the dental and medical literature was performed to identify all studies of humans assessing the relation between TMJ disorders and facial morphology. Articles were i...

Background The aim of this study was to provide an updated version of Andrews’ seminal study by exploiting 3D software to analyse the tip, torque and in-out values of two groups of different racial and ethnic background. Methods The analysis was conducted on one Caucasian group (30 individuals) and one of African origin (29). All subjects were adu...

The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the morphology of the enamel surfaces before bracket bonding and 6 and 12 months after debonding. Replicas of thirty-two maxillary second premolars of 16 volunteers were made before bracket bonding (T0), after debonding (T1), 6 months (T2), and 12 months (T3) later. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)...

Background: Correcting Class II malocclusion with Class II elastics or functional appliances requires great patient collaboration. Here we describe two Class II cases successfully treated with an alternative approach using a fixed device designed to obviate compliance. Methods: We fitted specific Class II springs to the bilateral hooks on the stain...

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the permanent and deciduous teeth by means of volumetric tomography. Methods: The sample included 12 patients with transverse maxillary hypoplasia (6 treated with RME on the permanent first molars, 6 treated with RME on the dec...

The main limitations connected to the traditional diagnostic techniques of imaging in orthodontics are that they offer a 2D representation of 3D structures. Given that facial harmony has become one of the main objectives of orthodontic treatment, the aim of the present study was to propose a 3D cephalometric evaluation of the soft tissues of the fa...

The aim of this study was to provide clinical indications for the correct management of appliances in space closure treatment of patients with agenesis of the upper lateral incisors. Virtual setup for space closure was performed in 30 patients with upper lateral incisor agenesis. Tip, torque and in-out values were measured and compared with those o...

Objective: To evaluate the degree to which the height, width, and cross-section of rectangular and square orthodontic archwires affect the play between the archwires and the bracket slot. Materials and methods: The stated measurements (height and width) of 43 archwires from six different manufacturers were compared with real values obtained usin...

The aim of this study is to calculate and compare the play and torque expression of 0.018 and 0.022 bracket slots when engaged with archwires of different size, cross section and material. Eight orthodontic brackets, two of slot height 0.018 and six of slot height 0.022, from different manufacturers, were measured and fixed to a vertical support. T...

Background: The aim of this study was to compare displacements and stress after en masse retraction of mandibular dentition with lingual and labial orthodontics using three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEM). Methods: A 3D FEM of each lower tooth was constructed and located as appropriate to Roth's prescription. The 0.018-in. GAC Roth...

Background This case report describes the treatment of an 11-year-old boy with hypodivergent skeletal Class II, complete molar and canine Class II on the right and edge-to-edge relationship on the left, centered midlines, deep bite, and large over jet. Methods The patient was treated with a Runner appliance, a series of clear aligners with embedde...