Giuditta Marinaro

• PhD
• Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Marine seismic surveys contribute to acoustic pollution, and the sounds they produce may be audible by marine mammals at several hundred kilometers distance. To evaluate the potential effects of such sounds on fauna and translate them into effective policies and mitigation measures, stakeholders require quantitative estimations of acoustic fields....

This is about an event within the UN Decade of the Oceans Conference i Barcelona April 2024. SMART Cables, a powerful tool for continuous global ocean observation systems SMART cable technology will enhance spatial and temporal resolution for marine environmental scientific monitoring using a network of sensors within submarine cable systems. Acces...

The Mediterranean fin whale emits two types of 20-Hz calls, known as “classic” and “backbeat”, that can be produced in irregular series or in patterned sequences called songs. The analysis of songs is recognized as a meaningful approach to study baleen whales and can be used to investigate populations’ identities. Mediterranean fin whale songs have...

The Joint Task Force, Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (SMART) Subsea Cables is working to integrate environmental sensors (temper- ature, pressure, seismic acceleration) into submarine telecommunications cables. This will support climate and ocean observation, sea-level monitoring, observa- tions of Earth structure, tsunami and e...

The InSEA project (“Initiatives in Supporting the consolidation and enhancement of the EMSO research infrastructure consortium (ERIC) and related Activities”) has the objective, as the full name of the project indicates, to consolidate and strengthen the infrastructures concerning the EMSO (“European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Obse...

The oceans are a fundamental source for climate balance, sustainability of resources and life on Earth, therefore society has a strong and pressing interest in maintaining and, where possible, restoring the health of the marine ecosystems. Effective, integrated ocean observation is key to suggesting actions to reduce anthropogenic impact from coast...

The Joint Task Force, Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (JTF SMART) Subsea Cables, is working to integrate environmental sensors for ocean bottom temperature, pressure, and seismic acceleration into submarine telecommunications cables. The purpose of SMART Cables is to support climate and ocean observation, sea level monitoring, ob...

Abstract EMSO is a distributed Research Infrastructure currently comprising nine Regional Facilities (RFs) and three shallow water test sites, strategically located all the way from the southern entrance of the Arctic Ocean across to the North Atlantic through the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. Since the beginning of 2021 Norway has been integrate...

Amfilochia Bay (Eastern Amvrakikos Gulf, Western Greece), a complex marine area affected by tectonism, was investigated for seabed seepage manifestations and for possible inter-relationships between shallow gas accumulations and hypoxia. For this purpose, an integrated research methodology that combined geophysical, geochemical, and hydrographic su...

JTF SMART Subsea Cables (Joint Task Force, Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications, 1) is working to integrate environmental sensors for ocean bottom temperature, pressure and seismic acceleration into submarine telecommunications cables. The purpose of SMART Cables is supporting climate and ocean observation, sea level monitoring, obser...

The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO ERIC) is a consortium of partners sharing, in a common strategic framework, scientific facilities (data, instruments, computing and storage capacity). It aims to explore the oceans, to gain a better understanding of phenomena happening within and below them, and to explain t...

Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the "Istanbul seismic gap") has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical beha...

SOMMARIO Gli airgun sono tra le sorgenti di rumore più invasive per l'ambiente marino, con effetti nocivi su invertebrati, pesci e cetacei. L'analisi dei dati acustici dell'osservatorio NEMO-SN1 ha consentito di monitorare in modo continuativo, per circa 10 mesi, il rumore sottomarino nel Golfo di Catania. La presenza di impulsi airgun è stata rive...

Acoustic noise levels were measured in the Gulf of Catania (Ionian Sea) from July 2012 to May 2013 by a low frequency (< 1000 Hz) hydrophone, installed on board the NEMO-SN1 multidisciplinary observatory. NEMO-SN1 is a cabled node of EMSO-ERIC, which was deployed at a water depth of 2100 m, 25 km off Catania. The study area is characterized by the...

European Multidisciplinary seafloor and the Observatory of the water column for Development (EMSODEV) is a Horizon-2020 UE project whose overall objective is the operationalization of eleven marine observatories and four test sites distributed throughout Europe, from the Arctic to the Atlantic, from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. The whole inf...

Our case study is a pilot experience used to describe some of the activities performed by INGV in the frame of the European Research Infrastructure EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory). EMSO is composed of several deep-seafloor and water column observatories, deployed at key sites in the European waters, thus form...

The three volcanoes that are the object of this paper show different types of activity that are representative of the large variety of volcanism present in the Central Mediterranean area. Etna and Stromboli are sub-aerial volcanoes, with significant part of their structure under the sea, while the Marsili Seamount is submerged, and its activity is...

In recent years, an increasing number of surveys have definitively confirmed the seasonal presence of fin whales ( Balaenoptera physalus ) in highly productive regions of the Mediterranean Sea. Despite this, very little is yet known about the routes that the species seasonally follows within the Mediterranean basin and, particularly, in the Ionian...

A simple model for the estimation of the acoustic noise induced by the ships traffic. The model was applied by using AIS data acquired during the operation of the NEMO-SN1 and the results of the model were compared with the experimental acoustic data. This approach paves the way for further studies on the acoustic identification of the ships produc...

Important processes that affect the Earth, for example climate change and geohazards, are driven by phenomena that take place in the oceans. To better understand and mitigate the effects of these processes, an important international effort is taking place to deploy permanent and remotely controlled seafloor and water-column observatory systems. In...

A prototype of cabled deep-sea observatory has been operating in real-time since 2005 in Southern Italy (East Sicily, 37 • 30' N-15 • 06'E), at 2100 m water depth, 25 km from the harbor of the city of Catania. It is the first-established real-time node of the " European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory " (EMSO, http://www.ems...

It It is well documented that, in the past, catastrophic earthquakes and tsunamis affected the area as described in the historical records from the countries bordering the Gulf of Cadiz: Portugal, Spain and Morocco (cf. Baptista and Miranda, 2009; Figure 6.1). The main mechanism behind geohazard generation in this area is the interplate deformation...

The Marsili Seamount is the largest European underwater volcano. It is Plio-Pleistocenic in age, rising up to more than 3000m from the seafloor in the SE Tyrrhenian basin (Central Mediterranean), a back arc basin which began progressively opening 10 Ma ago (Kastens et al., 1988). The seamount lies in a key area for understanding the evolution of th...

From the scientific point of view, the deepwater environment represents the ultimate frontier for Earth observation and understanding fundamental processes (solid earth studies, as well as oceanographic, climatic and environmental investigations) (Kopf et al., 2012).

ABSTRACT. Seafloor instability resulting from both tectonics and volcanism affects the Western Ionian Sea. The NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory-Submarine Network 1 (NEMO-SN1), deployed 25 km offshore eastern Sicily at 2,100 m water depth, records a variety of signals for geophysical and environmental long-term monitoring, including non-earthquake...

In this paper we provide an overview of new knowledge on oxygen depletion (hypoxia) and related phenomena in aquatic systems resulting from the EU-FP7 project HYPOX ("In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and landlocked water bodies", http://www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated oxygen loss in a...

Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic ene...

We present a review of our work on data acquired by GEOSTAR-class (GEophysical and Oceanographic STation for Abyssal Research) observatories deployed at three EMSO (European Multidisciplinary and water-column Observatory; htttp://www.emso-eu.org) sites in southern European waters where strong geo-hazards are present: the Western Iberian Margin, th...

In this paper we synthesize the new knowledge on oxygen and oxygen-related phenomena in aquatic systems, resulting from the EU-FP7 project HYPOX (“In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and land-locked water bodies”, www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated oxygen loss in aquatic systems due to eutr...

The European research infrastructure EMSO is a European network of fixed-point, deep-seafloor and water column observatories deployed in key sites of the European Continental margin and Arctic. It aims to provide the technological and scientific framework for the investigation of the environmental processes related to the interaction between the ge...

Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on the Universe. The detection principle exploits the measurement of Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles resulting from neutrino interactions in the matter containing the telescope. A novel multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM) was developed to co...

In the framework of the project BIS -Bipolar Ionospheric Scintillation and Total Electron Content Monitoring, the ISACCO-DMC0 and ISACCO-DMC1 permanent monitoring stations were installed in 2008. The principal scope of the stations is to measure the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and to monitor the ionospheric scintillations, using high-s...

A recent analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data provided evidence for a high-intensity emission of high-energy gamma rays with a E-2 spectrum from two large areas, spanning 50 above and below the Galactic centre (the "Fermi bubbles"). A hadronic mechanism was proposed for this gamma-ray emission making the Fermi bubbles promising source ca...

The NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory-Submarine Network 1 (NEMO-SN1) seafloor observatory is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily (Southern Italy) at 2100-m water depth, 25 km from the harbor of the city of Catania. It is a prototype of a cabled deep-sea multiparameter observatory and the first one opera...

Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on the Universe. The detection principle exploits the measurement of Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles resulting from neutrino interactions in the matter containing the telescope. A novel multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM) was developed to co...

After the 1999 Izmit earthquake (M(w)7.4), along the North-Anatolian Fault (NAF), an increase in gas emissions from the seafloor of the Sea of Marmara was observed. Using a multidisciplinary approach, that includes a combined analysis of high-resolution marine geophysical and gas-geochemical data, we determined the character of gas/fluid emissions...

A recent analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data provided evidence for a high intensity emission of high-energy gamma rays with a E�2 spectrum from two large areas, spanning 50� above and below the Galactic centre (the ‘‘Fermi bubbles’’). A hadronic mechanism was proposed for this gamma-ray emission making the Fermi bubbles promising source...

We carried out a combined geophysical and gas-geochemical survey on an active fault strand along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) system in the Gulf of İzmit (eastern Sea of Marmara), providing for the first time in this area data on the distribution of methane (CH4) and other gases dissolved in the bottom seawater, as well as the CH4 isotopic compo...

Considerable seepage of natural gas occurs throughout the Katakolo Bay, both at sea and on land, along the Ionian coast of Peloponnesus (Western Greece). Explosive levels of CH 4 and toxic concentrations of H 2 S accu-mulating in the ground, pose a severe hazard for humans and tourist infrastructures. A wide offshore and on-shore gas survey, includ...

The NEMO-SN1 (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory - Submarine Network 1) seafloor observatory is located in the central Mediterranean, Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily Island (Southern Italy) at 2100 m water depth, 25 km from the harbour of the city of Catania. It is a prototype of cabled deep-sea multiparameter observatory, and the first oper...

The KM3NeT project aims to construct a multi-cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The telescope’s detection units, deployed in the deep sea, will be instrumented with optical modules, each housing 31 three-in. photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Three companies are developing new types of 3in. PMTs for the KM3NeT project. Th...

There is a variety of interesting phenomena at sea, that produce a release of seismic energy, but cannot be investigated only with OBS. Their understanding needs the use of other geophysical and environmental sensors. Even in the simplest cases the seismic signal reflects a complex interaction between sea bottom, water column, sea current and atmos...

GEMS (Gamma Energy Marine Spectrometer) is a prototype of an autonomous radioactivity sensor for underwater measurements, developed in the framework for a development of a submarine telescope for neutrino detection (KM3NeT Design Study Project). The spectrometer is highly sensitive to gamma rays produced by 40K decays but it can detect other natura...

The Sea of Marmara has been widely recognized as a seismic gap that will be probably filled in the next decades by a large (M >=7) earthquake along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) system. Accordingly, new research activities started in the last years, and the possibility of installing seafloor observatories, considered. Only long-term observatories...

The Sea of Marmara (SoM) is located on the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), a major transform plate bounday between the Eurasian and Anatolian plates. The SoM region is characterized by fast deformation rates (25 mm/a horizontal and 5-6 mm/a vertical), high seismic activity and steep slopes (10-29°). The most active northern branch of the NAF crosses t...

GEMS (Gamma Energy Marine Spectrometer) is a prototype of an autonomous radioactivity sensor for underwater measurements, developed in the framework for a development of a submarine telescope for neutrino detection (KM3NeT Design Study Project). The spectrometer is highly sensitive to gamma rays produced by 40K decays but it can detect other natura...

Prototipo di Tsunami Warning nel quadro del progetto EC NEAREST Nell' ambito del progetto NEAREST finanziato dalla EC sono stati sviluppati alcuni elementi di un sistema di allerta per tsunami, fra i quali un prototipo di detector di onde anomale istallato a bordo dell' osservatorio abissale GEOSTAR: l' osservatorio con il detector di onde anomale...

RIASSUNTO SN-4 l'osservatorio da fondo mare nel Mar di Marmara Numerosi fuoriuscite di fluidi sono state scoperte lungo il ramo sommerso del sistema di faglia nord-anatolico che corre sul fondo del Mar di Marmara. Questa è un'area estremamente promettente per studiare le possibili relazioni causa-effetto tra l'attività sismica, i flussi di fluidi e...

On August 25th 2007 a tsunami detector installed onboard the multi-parameter observatory GEOSTAR was successfully deployed at 3200 b. s. l. in the Gulf of Cadiz, Portugal. This activity is within the NEAREST EC Project (http://nearest.bo.ismar.cnr.it/ ). Among other deliverables, the NEAREST project will produce and test the basic parts of an opera...

(S) - IASPEI - International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior JSS016 Oral Presentation 2348 Multiparameter seafloor observatory deployed for tsunami warning Author : Dr. Francesco Chierici Istituto di Radioastronomia Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Co-Author: Luca Pignagnoli, Laura Beranzoli, Francesco Gasparoni, Luis...

A new seafloor observatory, the Gas Monitoring Module (GMM), has been developed for continuous and long-term measurements of methane concentration in seawater at the benthic boundary layer, as a result of marine environmental geology and technology synergy. The module is designed to host a series of sensors controlled and managed by a data acquisit...

A new seafloor observatory, the gas monitoring module (GMM), has been developed for continuous and long-term measurements of methane and hydrogen sulphide concentrations in seawater, integrated with temperature (T), pressure (P) and conductivity data at the seafloor. GMM was deployed in April 2004 within an active gas-bearing pockmark in the Gulf o...

The paper presents an overview of recent seafloor long-term single-frame multiparameter platform developed in the framework of the European Commission and Italian projects starting from the GEOSTAR prototype. The main features of the different systems are described as well as the sea missions that led to their validation. The ORION seafloor observa...

A new seafloor lander module, the Gas Monitoring Module (GMM), has been developed for continuous and long-term measurements of methane concentration in seawater at the benthic boundary layer, as a result of marine environmental geology and technology synergy. The module is designed to host a series of sensors controlled and managed by a data acquis...

This paper was presented at the 10 th Offshore Mediterranean Conference and Exhibition in Ravenna, Italy, March 23-25, 2011. It was selected for presentation by OMC 2011 Programme Committee following review of information contained in the abstract submitted by the author(s). The Paper as presented at OMC 2011 has not been reviewed by the Programme...

Exploration of ocean seafloor is of paramount importance for a better understanding of the geodynamic evolution of our Planet. The pilot experiment of ORION-GEOSTAR 3 EC project was the first long-term continuous geophysical and oceanographic experiment of an important seafloor area of Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, the Marsili abyssal plain. The latter...