Gitta Madani

Verified

Gitta verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

Verified

Gitta verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

• FRCR, MRCS, MBBS, FDSRCS, BDS
• Consultant Radiologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

Introduction ElaTION is a large multi-centre pragmatic randomised controlled trial, performed in 18 secondary/tertiary hospitals across England, comparing elastography ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) with ultrasound-guided FNAC (US-FNAC) alone in the diagnostic assessment of thyroid nodules. Secondary trial outcomes, re...

Background There is variable evidence and no randomized trials on the benefit of US elastography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over conventional US-guided FNAC alone for thyroid nodules. Purpose To compare the efficacy of US elastography-guided FNAC versus US-guided FNAC in reducing nondiagnostic rates for thyroid nodules. Materials...

Objectives The clinical activity score (CAS) and European severity scale (ESS) are established clinical tools to assess thyroid eye disease (TED) but are limited in terms of subjectivity and their reliability in non-Caucasian individuals, and can underestimate significant disease in the posterior orbit. Preliminary data from pilot studies have show...

Background Strain and shear wave elastography which is commonly used with concurrent real-time imaging known as real-time ultrasound shear/strain wave elastography is a new diagnostic technique that has been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of nodules in several organs. There is conflicting evidence regarding its benefit over ultrasound-guide...

Objectives To develop recommendations for the radiological investigation of clinically occult primary cancer in the head and neck. Design and Setting In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a search was performed on Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases to investigate the efficacy of ultrasound guided Fine Needle Aspiration (US FNAC), contr...

With the widespread use of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET/CT) in the investigation and staging of cancers, incidental discovery of FDG‐avid thyroid nodules is becoming increasingly common, with a reported incidence in the range 1‐4% of FDG PET/CT scans. The risk of malignancy in an incidentally discovered FDG avid thyr...

Although anterior skull base tumours are rare, with a wide range of pathologies that demonstrate a range of prognoses, due to their rarity, the literature to date often combines cases with different pathologies into the same case series, so as to evaluate treatment outcomes. Curative management is predominantly with surgery (craniofacial resection...

Recent advances in image-guided techniques allow endoscopic surgery to extend beyond the sinonasal cavity to the pterygopalatine fossa, orbit, anterior skull base and petrous apex. These techniques reduce complication rates compared with traditional open surgery (craniotomy or trans-facial) and require a multidisciplinary team review of imaging and...

• ● A functioning facial nerve is a critical structure that limits the margin of resection in parotid malignancies. There was no difference in disease-free survival with close or negative resection margins. • ● Microscopic positive (R1) resection margins were associated with poorer disease free survival, but this was not statistically significant,...

Laryngeal trauma is a life‐threatening injury in contact sports. Due to its potentially devastating consequences, the prevention, diagnosis, and management of neck trauma both pitch side and at the hospital are essential for athletes.

The energy needed to drive airflow through the trachea normally constitutes a minor component of the work of breathing. However, with progressive tracheal compression, patient subjective symptoms can include severe breathing difficulties. Many patients suffer multiple respiratory co-morbidities and so it is important to assess compression effects w...

CT scan images of the larynx are formatted in an oblique axial plane at the level of the paralysed vocal cord. The image size is adjusted to the ‘actual’ size of the larynx on a mobile device screen, and then transferred on to transparent tracing paper.The actual size sketch is used to design a near perfect fit silastic implant reducing the need fo...

Is high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bones now the “gold standard” for pre-operative evaluation of otosclerosis? Our experience in a tertiary centre - Volume 130 Issue S3 - Edward Noon, Maira Hameed, Jonathan Fishman, Gitta Madani, Abhijeet Parikh

Ultrasound is a safe and reliable imaging technique for investigating abnormalities of the head and neck, with the added benefit of access to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to rule out suspected cancer. Guidelines for head and neck imaging requests from GPs exist as part of the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) iRefer tool. An appropriate...

Laryngeal clefts are rare congenital malformations of the posterior laryngotracheal wall that lead to an abnormal communication between the airway and pharyngo-oesophageal tract. The condition is almost universally identified during infancy with minor laryngeal clefts very rarely diagnosed in adulthood. We present our tertiary centre’s experience o...

Mucoceles occur as a result of accumulation and retention of mucous secretions in a paranasal sinus and are uncommon in the pediatric age group. Persistent or intermittent closure of its ostium through a variety of causes, including previous surgery, is implicated in etiology. The authors report 2 cases of frontoethmoidal mucocele that followed box...

The oval and round windows of the inner ear are important structures for the transmission of sound and may be affected by a variety of disease entities. The anatomy of this small area is one that often causes the radiology trainee some difficulty, but there are certain disease states that can be easily diagnosed when knowing where and how to look....

This review will familiarise the reader with the normal radiological anatomy of the temporal bone as demonstrated on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). In addition, common pathology affecting the temporal bone will also be presented. The reader will be shown a systematic approach to viewing HRCT of the petrous temporal bone.

A 3-year-old boy presented with a 2-year history of snoring and mouth breathing. His symptoms had gradually worsened, and he had an increasing frequency of prolonged apneic episodes during sleep, which were associated with cyanosis. He also had daytime somnolence, and his growth rate was suboptimal for his age.On clinical examination, the palatine...

IntroductionUltrasound Features of Thyroid NodulesThe Role of Cross-SectionalImaging in Thyroid DiseaseFollow-UP ImagingEvidence AppraisalReferencesMultiple Choice Questions

THE ROLE OF IMAGING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is by far the most common nonskin cancer affecting the head and neck. The clinical presentation and tendency to metastasize varies considerably, and imaging plays a vital role in the management of all such tumors. The following sectio...

Tinnitus may be continuous or pulsatile. Vascular lesions are the most frequent radiologically demonstrable cause of pulsatile tinnitus. These include congenital vascular anomalies (which may be arterial or venous), vascular tumours, and a variety of acquired vasculopathies. The choice of imaging depends on the clinical findings. If a mass is prese...

Anatomy is the foundation on which the understanding of pathological processes in radiology is based. This article describes the anatomy of the sinonasal region and the clinically relevant anatomical variants, highlighting the need for multiplanar reconstructions as a routine part of the examination when reviewing this region.

Inflammatory sinus disease is ubiquitous. Patients with recurrent or unilateral disease and those who do not respond to treatment require imaging. Computed tomographic scanning is the mainstay of investigation; magnetic resonance imaging is used as a problem-solving tool. The imaging characteristics of sinonasal inflammatory conditions are varied....

This article reviews the role of imaging in the diagnosis of sinonasal tumors, illustrating the diversity of tumors affecting this region. The symptoms of sinonasal tumors are nonspecific; imaging plays a critical role in distinguishing benign and malignant disease and may occasionally illustrate characteristic radiological features of specific tum...

This article summarizes the imaging features that aid in distinguishing inflammatory from neoplastic disease and benign from malignant conditions. Diagnostic pitfalls are highlighted.

Systemic sclerosis is a multisystem connective tissue disorder. Radiology plays an integral part in its management, guiding the clinician concerning the onset and severity of visceral involvement. After skin involvement, the gastrointestinal tract is the most commonly affected system; contrast radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited abnormality of the beta-globin chain, which causes a spectrum of haemolytic anaemias. Clinical manifestations in SCD include anaemia, jaundice, recurrent vaso-occlusive crises, and infections (particularly by encapsulated bacteria) due to functional asplenia and cerebrovascular accidents. Radiological inves...

Deafness is the most common sensory deficit, and more than 50% of all childhood deafness is due to hereditary disorders. The prevalence of permanent hearing impairment (>40 dB hearing threshold) is approximately 1.3 per 1000 children (Parker et al. 1999).

This article describes the anatomy of the salivary glands highlighting those anatomical features that are relevant to the radiologist. Magnetic resonance images with super-imposed line illustrations have been used to aid the understanding of the anatomy of this region.

Inflammatory conditions are the most common pathology to affect the salivary glands, of which sialolithiasis is the most frequent etiology. This article reviews the role of all imaging modalities in the management of inflammatory salivary disease. The technique for performing salivary gland ultrasound is described with some common pitfalls. The typ...

This article reviews the role of imaging in the management of tumors of the salivary glands, discussing tumor localization, extent, and, where possible, characterization. The relative benefits of the different modalities and the typical features of benign and malignant lesions are discussed for each modality. Characteristic appearances of specific...

The skeletal changes of untreated thalassaemia result from ineffective erythropoiesis and expansion of the bone marrow and affect every part of the skeleton. These changes include osteoporosis, growth retardation, platyspondyly and kyphosis. Erythropoiesis occurs at extra-medullary sites, most commonly resulting in a paraspinal mass but occasionall...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This exhibit equips the head and neck radiologist with the essential practical guide to the differential diagnosis of the diverse range of tumours which arise at the skull base or involve this location secondarily. ABSTRACT Traditionally tumours of the skull base are divided into midline and paramedian lesions. A diverse range...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES We present an illustrated review of the cross-sectional imaging features of the otodystrophies. The relevant radiological anatomy, specific radiological features of each disorder and aids to differential diagnosis are demonstrated. ABSTRACT The inner ear consists of the sensory membranous labyrinth housed within the bony labyri...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This exhibit classifies, describes and illustrates the multimodality appearances of cystic neck lesions. Diagnostic pitfalls and aids to differential diagnosis are highlighted. ABSTRACT A diverse range of cervical pathology has a cystic imaging appearance. In addition to the radiological features, differential diagnosis of this...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This exhibit describes and illustrates the cross-sectional imaging features of a comprehensive range of inflammatory sinus disorders and their complications. The normal anatomy, anatomical variants and post-operative appearances are also demonstrated. ABSTRACT Inflammatory disorders of the sinonasal cavities have diverse radiol...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This exhibit describes the less common uses of ultrasound imaging in the head and neck, demonstrating the expanding role of this modality, using many examples of the diverse diagnoses reached with ultrasonography. ABSTRACT Ultrasound is an essential tool in the diagnosis of head and neck soft tissue disease. The role of ultraso...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES We present a thorough illustrated review of the normal radiological anatomy and anatomical variants of the petrous temporal bone using multiplanar CT & MRI imaging. ABSTRACT High resolution CT and MRI imaging, have revolutionized the interpretation of petrous pathology. The understanding of the complex normal radiological anato...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES We present a comprehensive illustrated review of the normal radiological anatomy of the sinonasal cavities and demonstrate the impact of variant anatomy on sinonasal drainage and surgical management. ABSTRACT A detailed knowledge of the radiological anatomy of the sinonasal cavities is essential for the correct interpretation o...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This exhibit reinforces understanding of the anatomy, pathology and connections of the pterygopalatine fossa, the knowledge of which is vital for diagnosing the spread of malignant head and neck tumours and primary tumours of the deep face. ABSTRACT The anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa is a highly complex and difficult to a...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This educational exhibit describes the technique and applications of laryngeal ultrasonography. The sonographic anatomy and a variety of laryngeal pathology is demonstrated. ABSTRACT Laryngeal ultrasound is a non-invasive test which may be performed during the course of cervical lymph node sonography, for the assessment and sta...

PURPOSE To describe the indications for and technique of transjugular renal biopsy and to evaluate the efficacy and complications of this method. METHOD AND MATERIALS Over a four-year period, 44 consecutive patients underwent transjugular renal biopsy at our institution, a regional renal transplant and nephrology centre. Biopsy specimens were obta...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the radiological appearances of opportunistic infection associated immune restoration disorder.2. To understand the radiological differences between immune restoration disorder and non-IRD opportunistic infections. ABSTRACT Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionised the treatment of HIV infection, resultin...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES We illustrate the range of benign and malignant tumours affecting the major and minor salivary glands. The characteristic radiological features, which aid in the discrimination of the various pathologies, are demonstrated. The complimentary role of USS, fine needle aspiration for cytological diagnosis, and MRI are discussed and...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES We describe the diverse group of infiltrative conditions, which can affect the larynx, demonstrate the pattern of involvement in each of these and highlight the most frequently affected anatomical locations. ABSTRACT The infiltrative diseases are a common group of disorders, which affect the larynx infrequently. This exhibit de...

HTML Purpose: This educational exhibit, from a UK regional hepatobiliary centre, will review the role of ultrasound in the assessment of the aetiology, severity and complications of portal hypertension. A variety of insults to the hepatobiliary system can result in portal hypertension and we will review the ultrasonic features that help to identify...

PURPOSE/AIM The aim of this exhibit is to allow users to test their knowledge of petrous temporal bone radiology. Interactive scrolling through CT / MRI datasets will be available (replicating a PACS workstation) and teaching points will be made with each case to aid learning. CONTENT ORGANIZATION Twenty cases are presented, each with clinical his...

PURPOSE/AIM The anatomy of the larynx and hypopharynx can appear complex. This exhibit simplifies the anatomy of this region using CT, MRI and ultrasound image datasets, which can be scrolled through interactively. We demonstrate key anatomy in colour and highlight the clinical importance of each anatomical subsite. CONTENT ORGANIZATION A Boundari...