Giselle Hosgood

Murdoch University

Background: This study aimed to compare the distribution of ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), in foals under varying clinical conditions of sedation, postural changes, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). To support the interpretation of EIT variables, specific spirometry data and F-shunt calculation were al...

Synthetic colloid fluids containing hydroxyethyl starch (HES) have been associated with impairment of coagulation in dogs. It is unknown if HES causes coagulation impairment in dogs with naturally occurring critical illness. This study used banked plasma samples from a blinded, randomized clinical trial comparing HES and balanced isotonic crystallo...

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive real-time non-ionising imaging modality that has many applications. Since the first recorded use in 1978, the technology has become more widely used especially in human adult and neonatal critical care monitoring. Recently, there has been an increase in research on thoracic EIT in veterinary m...

Equine respiratory physiology might be influenced by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). This experimental, randomized cross-over study aimed to compare breathing pattern (BrP) and ventilation distribution in anesthetized horses spontaneously breathing room air via ETT or facemask (MASK). Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized with tota...

Objective: A linear relationship between impedance change (△Z) measured by thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and tidal volume (VT) has been demonstrated. This study evaluated the agreement between the displayed VT calculated by the EIT software (VTEIT) and spirometry (VTSPIRO) after an indirect two-point calibration. Approach: The E...

Background Left-sided cardiac volume overload (LCVO) can cause fluid accumulation in lung tissue changing the distribution of ventilation, which can be evaluated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Objectives To describe and compare EIT variables in horses with naturally occurring compensated and decompensated LCVO and compare them to a heal...

This study explores the application of electric impedance tomography (EIT) to estimate tidal volume (VT) by measuring impedance change per breath (∆Zbreath). Seventeen healthy horses were anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated for elective procedures requiring dorsal recumbency. Spirometric VT (VTSPIRO) and ∆Zbreath were recorded periodically; u...

Background Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) generates images of the lungs based on impedance change and was able to detect changes in airflow after histamine challenge in horses. Objectives To confirm that EIT can detect histamine‐provoked changes in airflow and subsequent drug‐induced bronchodilatation. Novel EIT flow variables were develope...

Objective: To evaluate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4, compared with a Hartmann's solution control (CRYST), on urine biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs prescribed a fluid bolus. Design: Randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial January 2018 to February 2019. Setting: University teaching hospital. Animals: Forty...

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is used in lung physiology monitoring. There is evidence that EIT is linearly associated with global tidal volume (VT) in clinically healthy patients where no positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is applied. This linearity has not been challenged by altering lung conditions. The aim of this study was to dete...

Objective This investigation compared the biomechanical properties of a 2.0 mm locking compression notched head T-plate (NHTP) and 2.0 mm straight locking compression plate (LCP), in a simple transverse juxta-articular fracture model. Study Design Two different screw configurations were compared for the NHTP and LCP, modelling short (configuration...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00279.].

Introduction: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) administration has been associated with hypocoagulability in dogs. There is a lack of evidence relating HES administration causing sustained hypocoagulability in dogs with naturally occurring critical illness. We used banked samples to compare plasma coagulation assays in dogs randomized to receiveHES or Hart...

Objective This investigation compared the biomechanical properties of a 2.0 mm locking compression notched head T-plate (NHTP) and 2.0 mm straight locking compression plate (LCP), in a compressed, short, juxta-articular fragment fracture model. Methods Two different screw configurations were compared for the NHTP and LCP, modelling short (configura...

Objective Review medical records of dogs that underwent adrenalectomy without pre‐operative medical management, to examine the peri‐operative morbidity and mortality. Design Case series of 65 dogs. Methods Medical records were reviewed. Features recorded included the histologic diagnosis, intra‐operative hypertension or tachycardia, requirement f...

Introduction: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in people, but there is limited evidence in dogs. We performed a randomized, blinded, phase II clinical trial to compare urine biomarkers of AKI in dogs randomized to receive HES or Hartmann’s solution (CRYST). Methods: Dogs (n=40) treated by the emergency a...

Objective To determine if low molecular weight synthetic colloid fluids administered to dogs interfere with refractometric estimates of total plasma protein (TPPr) and urine osmolality (UOsm). Study design Experimental study Animals Eighteen healthy greyhound dogs Methods Anaesthetized greyhounds subjected to haemorrhage for 60 minutes were give...

Various splenic diseases can result in a splenic mass and necessitate splenectomy. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of malignant and benign splenic diseases, and type of malignant disease, in dogs categorised by breed size. It was hypothesised that the prevalence of splenic disease would be significantly different in small...

Objective: To investigate the association between synthetic colloids and biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs with hemorrhagic shock. Design: Experimental interventional study. Setting: University. Animals: Twenty‐four healthy ex‐racing Greyhounds. Interventions: Anesthetized Greyhounds subjected to hemorrhage for 60 min were resuscitate...

Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a decrease in the A-frame angle of incline on the vertical and cranio-caudal ground reaction forces observed in a homogeneous cohort of agility dogs during entrance and contact with the A-frame. Materials and Methods A crossover study design was applied to eight large breed d...

Background Patella alta is the proximal displacement of the patella within the femoral trochlea. Previous studies have identified an association between patella alta and patella luxation. Distalisation of the tibial tuberosity has been recommended to establish proximodistal alignment of the stifle extensor mechanism with the underlying femur in dog...

Background: Hemorrhagic shock and volume replacement can alter coagulation. Synthetic colloids, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and gelatin, may enhance hypocoagulability. Our primary objective was to describe the effect of four fluid products on coagulation in canine hemorrhagic shock. Our secondary objective was to compare measurements of coagulation d...

Objectives To determine the agreement, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) using the point‐of‐care analyser SCA2000™ with IDEXX Coag Dx™ cartridges against a reference laboratory (STAGO Start 4®) in canine blood. Methods Citrated blood samples from 47 dogs were submitted for PT...

This study was funded by the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Foundation Research Grant. Introduction: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans, but there is limited evidence in dogs. We present the protocol and feasibility analysis of an ongoing prospective randomized blinded phase II clinical t...

Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx precedes leukocyte activation and adherence in acute inflammation. Rapid administration of crystalloid or colloid fluids for treating hemorrhagic shock may cause endothelial glycocalyx shedding, thereby increasing inflammation. This study aimed to compare the effect of different fluid treatments in a canine sh...

Background High molecular weight (MW) synthetic colloids interfere with refractometry. The effect of low MW synthetic colloids on refractometry is unknown. Objectives To investigate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) and 4% succinylated gelatin (GELO) on the refractometric measurement of total plasma protein (TPP) and colloid osmot...

Objective To determine the agreement of invasive blood pressure measured in the facial, metatarsal and carotid arteries, and evaluate the effects of two haemodynamic conditions on agreement. Study design Prospective randomized study. Animals A group of eight horses aged 7 (4–23) years with a body weight of 493 ± 33 kg. Methods Horses were anaest...

Introduction: Rapid administration of crystalloid or colloid fluids may cause endothelial glycocalyx shedding, thereby increasing inflammation. Methods: Greyhounds under general anesthesia subject to hemorrhage for 60 minutes were given 20 mL kg-1 of either fresh whole blood (FWB), hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4, 4% succinylated gelatin (GELO),...

The arterial to end-tidal CO2 difference (P(a-ET)CO2) and alveolar dead space fraction (VDalvfrac = P(a-ET)CO2/PaCO2), are used to estimate Enghoff’s “pulmonary dead space” (V/QEng), a factor which is also influenced by venous admixture and other pulmonary perfusion abnormalities and thus is not just a measure of dead space as the name suggests. Th...

Objective: To describe a modified rib pivot thoracotomy and its clinical application in client-owned dogs and cats. Study design: Case series of 24 dogs and 1 cat requiring a thoracotomy. Methods: A lateral thoracic incision over the required thoracic segment was made. The latissimus dorsi muscle was reflected dorsally. The predetermined rib w...

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on stifle extensor mechanism load in anex vivocruciate-intact canine cadaveric model. Study design: Ex vivomechanical testing study. Animals: Cadaveric canine pelvic limbs (n = 6). Materials and methods: A 21-mm tibial radial osteotomy was performed on pelvic limbs (n =...

Objective: This article aims to investigate the effect of a decrease in the A-frame angle of incline on the highest carpal extension angle in agility dogs. Methods: Kinematic gait analysis (two-dimensional) measuring carpal extension was performed on 40 dogs entering the A-frame at 3 angles of incline: 40° (standard), 35° and 30°. The highest ca...

Objective To determine agreement between invasive blood pressure measured in three peripheral arteries in anaesthetized horses undergoing elective surgery. Study design Prospective balanced incomplete block design. Animals A total of 18 client owned horses Methods Invasive blood pressure (IBP) was measured simultaneously in one of the following...

The clinical features and management of food engorgement (FE) in dogs have not been previously described. This retrospective observational study describes characteristics and outcome of 35 dogs with FE, and compares features on presentation to 36 dogs with gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV). Cases were retrospectively reviewed for history, clinica...

Introduction: This study investigated the effect of low molecular weight (MW) hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (130/0.4) and 4% succinylated gelatine (GELO) on refractometric measurement of total plasma protein (TPP) and urine specific gravity (USG), compared to a crystalloid control (Plasmalyte-148 [P148]). Methods: Blood was removed from anesthetized g...

Objective: To establish and compare the onset and duration of action of 2 local anesthetics based on objective lameness and skin sensitivity assessment. Study design: Interventional crossover experimental trial with balanced randomization. Animals: Eight horses. Methods: Reversible forelimb lameness was induced in 8 horses. A palmar digital...

In veterinary medical education, reduction, replacement, and refinement (the three Rs) must be considered. Three clinical skills in anesthesia were identified as challenging to students: endotracheal intubation, intravenous catheterization, and drug dose calculations. The aims of this project were to evaluate students' perception of their level of...

Objective To determine the cardiovascular and acid-base effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 and 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) administered to anaesthetized greyhounds with haemorrhagic shock. Study design Prospective, experimental, complete randomized block design. Animals Twelve healthy adult greyhounds. Methods After 60 minutes o...

Case report Two dogs with an oesophageal foreign body (FB) were diagnosed with secondary pyothorax at the time of presentation. One dog was managed with surgical FB removal, pleural lavage and thoracostomy tube placement. Following surgery, it was admitted to the intensive care unit for oxygen therapy, antimicrobial and analgesic administration, fl...

Background We hypothesised that concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) would increase during storage in the third sequential unit (U3) of canine packed red blood cells (PRBC) collected from terminal donors in haemorrhagic shock. We further hypothesised that leucoreduction would prevent cy...

Objective: To describe the anesthetic management of a dog undergoing caudal vena cava (CVC) occlusion during adrenalectomy, and to discuss a reflex bradycardia that was observed during the procedure. Case summary: General anesthesia of a 10-year-old Rhodesian ridgeback for excision of an adrenal mass and associated CVC tumor thrombus was perform...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of acepromazine maleate premedication on cardiovascular function before and after infusion of dobutamine hydrochloride for 30 minutes in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES Each horse was anesthetized once following premedication with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg, IV) administere...

Objective To describe the use of sodium carbonate and apomorphine in a historical cohort of dogs, compare the occurrence of emesis and report any adverse effects recorded. Methods This historical, observational study included information from medical records of dogs that received an emetic agent. The occurrence of emesis with apomorphine or sodi...

Background: This case series describes surgical management of nasal aspergillosis refractory to conventional medical management or with evidence of cribriform plate osteolysis in three dogs. Methods: All dogs had surgical debridement of mucosa, nasal turbinates and necrotic debris via dorsal sinusotomy/rhinotomy. Sinuses were packed with iodine...

Objective: This case series describes the computed tomography (CT) and surgical findings of nine dogs with dermoid sinuses. Methods: Medical records were reviewed and summarised. Results: CT with intravenous contrast showed a superficial, peripherally contrast-enhancing, fluid-filled structure with a contrast-enhancing, soft tissue-attenuating...

Objective: To investigate the effect of intramedullary pin size and plate working length on plate strain in locking compression plate-rod constructs. Methods: A synthetic bone model with a 40 mm fracture gap was used. Locking compression plates with monocortical locking screws were tested with no pin (LCP-Mono) and intramedullary pins of 20% (LC...

Background: Our group previously used a canine haemorrhagic shock model that removed a set volume of blood over a short period of time before comparing resuscitation interventions. We found wide variability in the degree of shock achieved. Removal of blood guided by blood pressure may be more synergistic with the individual’s ability to compensate...

Introduction: Artificial colloids may contribute to kidney injury. This study compared kidney injury after administering two different artificial colloids to dogs in shock, using whole blood and a crystalloid fluid as controls. Methods: Blood was removed from anesthetized Greyhounds to maintain a mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg for 60 minutes, foll...

Introduction: It is unknown whether coagulation deficits occur in dogs that receive balanced HES 130/0.4 or gelatine colloids for shock. This study assessed platelet function and viscoelastic tests in dogs with hemorrhagic shock treated with balanced HES 130/0.4,4%succinylated gelatine (GELO), fresh whole blood (FWB) or Plasmalyte-148 (P148). Metho...

OBJECTIVE To assess platelet closure time (CT), mean platelet component (MPC) concentration, and platelet component distribution width (PCDW) in dogs with subclinical chronic valvular heart disease. ANIMALS 89 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) and 39 control dogs (not CKCSs). PROCEDURES Platelet count, MPC concentration, PCDW, and Hct were mea...

Objective To identify a repeatable anatomic landmark for pin insertion and to describe the technique for placement of a distal normograde intramedullary (IM) pin of approximately 35% of the IM diameter using this approach combined with a locking compression plate (LCP) on the medial aspect of the canine humerus. Study DesignEx vivo anatomic study....

Reason for performing the study: Cardiac output does not always increase with dobutamine administration in anaesthetised horses and information on peripheral perfusion is lacking. Objective: To determine the effect of intravenous dobutamine infusion with and without a concurrent 20 mL/kg bodyweight bolus of crystalloid fluids on the cardiovascul...

Objective To determine changes in urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration (uNGAL) in anaesthetized Greyhound dogs that developed acute tubular damage following haemorrhage and resuscitation with colloid-based fluids.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsSeven healthy adult entire male Greyhound dogs.Methods During...

This study reports major complications in a large cohort of dogs following tibial tuberosity advancement using either a fork-based or a screw-based implant system. Four hundred thirty-eight stifles were included in the study and major complications occurred in 51 stifles. Explanatory variables evaluated included implant type and body weight. No var...

Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties of dual bone fixation (DBF) constructs to radial locking compression plating (LCP) in an ex vivo feline antebrachial fracture gap model. Study design: Ex vivo study. Sample population: Cadaveric feline antebrachii (n=12 pairs). Methods: Antebrachii were radiographed to confirm normal skeleta...

Objective: To measure platelet closure time (PCT) in dogs during controlled hemorrhagic shock and after fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 or 0.9% sodium chloride. Design: Experimental interventional study. Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Eleven healthy Greyhounds. Interventions: Dogs were...

Case summary This case report describes the surgical technique used and clinical outcome of a 15-year-old neutered female cat that had a comminuted fracture of the right glenoid and scapular neck secondary to a gunshot injury that was treated with glenoidectomy. Relevance and novel information Good clinical outcomes are possible with removal of th...

Ozone is a strong oxidizing biocide that has broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of ozone to a propanol-based hand rub for hand disinfection. Twenty subjects were enrolled in an in-vivo cross-over trial (prEN 12791). Subjects treated their hands with the reference procedure (propan-1-ol 60%) or...

CASE REPORT: A 2-year-old entire female Golden Retriever and 1-year-old entire male Newfoundland mixed-breed dog were diagnosed with a right division and a central division intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, respectively. The anomalous vessel was ligated in the first dog and attenuated with a cellophane band in the second. Portal hypertension was co...

OBJECTIVE To measure changes in interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in stored canine packed RBCs (PRBCs) over time and assess the effect of leukoreduction on these cytokine concentrations. ANIMALS 12 anesthetized healthy Greyhounds. PROCEDURES 1 unit of whole blood from each dog was proce...

To assess for any clinical benefit of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) for permethrin toxicosis in cats by comparing the progression of clinical signs of cats before and after treatment with ILE to cats treated with a saline control. To accomplish this objective, a clinical staging system for cats with permethrin toxicosis was developed and validat...

Case summary A 15-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat presented with lethargy and acute-onset dyspnoea. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, cranial mediastinal mass with an estimated volume of 180.7 cm³. Chemotherapy consisting of dexamethasone followed by L-asparaginase, prednisolone, vincristine and doxorubicin was com...

Objectives Document the proportion of dogs with perioperative hypotension and explore the association of sex, age and body mass and indices of hydration with mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in two cohorts of young, healthy anaesthetised dogs.Methods Dogs were anaesthetised with a standardised protocol. The proportion of dogs with invasively meas...

This case report describes an 11 yr old spayed female German shepherd dog weighing 42 kg that presented with intermittent epistaxis from the left nostril. A nonulcerated pale irregular polypoid mass was visualized within the left nares. Computed tomography revealed a pedunculated mass arising from the ventrolateral nasal mucosal of the left nasal c...

Objective: To investigate the effect of intramedullary pin size in combination with various monocortical screw configurations on locking compression plate-rod constructs. Methods: A synthetic bone model with a 40 mm fracture gap was used. Locking compression plates with monocortical locking screws were tested with no pin (LCP-Mono) and intramedu...

This study aimed to describe the length, internal and external diameters, cancellous bone volume and extent, and cortical thickness at predetermined locations in the radius and ulna of a cohort of skeletally mature, disease-free feline cadavers using radiography and computed tomography (CT). Five feline cadavers were used (mean weight 3.31 kg, rang...

Loss of the metacarpal or metatarsal pad requires reconstruction with other pad tissue to allow functional weight-bearing on the limb. This report describes the use of a bilateral phalangeal fillet technique to reconstruct a weight-bearing surface in a dog following complete excision of its right metacarpal pad for malignant melanoma. This resulted...

Introduction: Food engorgement in dogs has not been well described in the literature and diagnosis may be confused with gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV). This study characterizes the clinical findings of dogs with engorgement and compares these with the findings of dogs with GDV. Methods: Cases were retrospectively reviewed for data related to h...

Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of a 10-hole 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) with 2 proximal and 2 distal bicortical locked screws reinforced with either a Steinmann pin of 30–40% the medullary diameter or a poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) rod of ∼75% the medullary diameter in a cadaveric tibia gap model.Study DesignEx vivo...

The purpose of the study was to compare the conductance and mannitol permeability of canine colonic mucosa in response to carprofen or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) with or without tempol pretreatment. Ten colonic mucosa sections per dog were mounted in Ussing chambers. Treatments were done in duplicate. Mucosa was exposed to carprofen (200 μg/mL) or DNP...

Objective To compare adequacy of oxygen delivery and severity of shock during maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane or alfaxalone infusion in greyhounds experiencing blood loss.Study designProspective, randomised study.AnimalsTwenty-four greyhounds (ASA I).Methods All greyhounds were premedicated with methadone (0.2 mg kg−1) intramuscularly. A...

Objectives To (i) assess the clinical diagnostic accuracy of SNAP canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) and specific canine pancreatic lipase (Spec cPL) and (ii) assess the agreement of an abnormal test result between SNAP cPL and Spec cPL in dogs presenting with acute abdominal disease.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingUniversity teachi...

Objective: To determine whether dilution of blood samples from healthy dogs with 2 hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions, HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5, would result in platelet dysfunction as measured by closure time (Ct) beyond a dilutional effect. Sample: Citrated blood samples from 10 healthy dogs with a Ct within reference limits (52 to 86 seco...

This study aimed to: (1) confirm a temporal association between exposure to the sea hare Aplysia gigantea and the development of a neurotoxicosis in dogs and (2) further characterise the clinical signs, treatment and outcomes in dogs with this suspected toxicosis. The medical records from four veterinary practices within the Geraldton region of Wes...

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hypotension (based on mean arterial pressure measurements; MAP) in healthy dogs that were anaesthetised for elective desexing at Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital (MUVH). the secondary aim was to explore any association between gender, age, body mass, heart rate and anaesthetic induction...

To report clinical findings and explore prognostic factors for dogs that had cholecystectomy for gall bladder mucocele. Retrospective case series. Dogs (n = 43) with gall bladder mucoceles. Diagnosis of gall bladder mucoceles was confirmed by histopathology and 74% were diagnosed based on preoperative abdominal ultrasonography. Intraoperative evide...

Multiple topical treatments are often required for clinical cure of mycotic rhinosinusitis in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution and retention of enilconazole and clotrimazole solutions using a temporary trephination protocol. Nine client-owned dogs diagnosed with mycotic rhinosinusitis between March 2008 and Decembe...

To characterize the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral and injectable formulations of methadone after IV, oral, and intragastric administration in horses. 6 healthy adult horses. Horses received single doses (each 0.15 mg/kg) of an oral formulation of methadone hydrochloride orally or intragastrically or an injectable formulation of the d...