Girdhari Rijal

Tarleton State University | TSU · Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences

The implantation of cell-seeded large-sized scaffold often results in insufficient tissue regeneration, which is still a challenge for successful grafting. Excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released by cells propagates oxidative stress, which is the primary cause of tissue injury leading to failure in tissue regeneration. Hence, preventing tissue fro...

The mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) is comprised of a labyrinth of interconnected architecture that provides mechanical support and optimal tissue microenvironment for cell survival, growth, signal transduction and interactions. The currently available scaffold and planar tissue culture models using synthetic polymers or a single component of...

Most of the anticancer drug candidates entering preclinical trials fail to be approved for clinical applications. The following are among the main causes of these failures: studying molecular mechanisms of cancer development, identifying therapeutic targets, and testing drug candidates using inappropriate tissue culture models, which do not recapit...

Bacterial biofilms represent a significant challenge in both clinical and industrial settings because of their robust nature and resistance to antimicrobials. Biofilms are formed by microorganisms that produce an exopolysaccharide matrix, protecting function and supporting for nutrients. Among the various bacterial species capable of forming biofil...

Breast cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide, demanding continuous advancements in diagnostic methodologies to enhance early detection and treatment outcomes. This paper delves into the realm of molecular approaches for breast cancer diagnosis, beginning with an introduction to the pressing need for improved diagnostic techniques. I...

Tumoroids are the cancer-cell derived tumor-like organoids generated in the lab with or without using of 3D scaffolds. Whereas, a tumor tissue is a result of in vivo multi-cellular complex organization that supports cancer cells and other tumor-associated cells (TACs), for example, fibroblasts & endothelial cells, for the participation and the coor...

Bioinks are inks—in other words, hydrogels—prepared from biomaterials with certain physiochemical properties together with cells to establish hierarchically complex biological 3D scaffolds through various 3D bioprinting technologies. The rheological, biological, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of biomaterials are considered the key physioc...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular dynamic complex forming a 3D spatial network influencing every cell present in the microenvironment. ECM proteins not only provide scaffolding systems for cells, but they also mediate their functions through cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. Various tissue-mimicking culture systems or 3D tumor mod...

Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria, in most cases, which are resistant usually to broad-spectrum antibiotics in their typical concentrations or even in higher doses. A trend of increasing multi-drug resistance in biofilms, which are responsible for emerging life-threatening nosocomial infections, is becoming a serious problem. Biofilms, however, a...

An understanding of the participation and modulation of fibroblasts during tumor formation and growth is still unclear. Among many speculates, one might be the technical challenge to reveal the versatile function of fibroblasts in tissue complexity, and another is the dynamics in tissue physiology and cell activity. The histology of most solid tumo...

Introduction: The use of noninvasive ultrasound (US) for quantitative tissue characterization has been an exciting research prospect for several decades now. Herein the challenge is to find hidden patterns in the US data to reveal more information about tissue function and pathology that cannot be seen in the more conventional US images. A new pixe...

Liver disease is increasing in prevalence across the globe. We present here a multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) imaging approach for assessing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD). This study was performed using rats ( N = 21) that were fed either a control or methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet. A mpUS imaging approach that includes H-...

Hyaluronan (HA) is a dense compound that is a ubiquitous component of the extracellular matrix in most tissues. However, HA tends to be overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This increased HA is associated with high tumor interstitial pressures and microvascular collapse. These conditions collectively compromise microvascular fu...

H-scan imaging is a new ultrasound (US) technique used to visualize the relative size of acoustic scatterers. An important issue is the sensitivity of H-scan US image analysis to subtle changes in scatterer sizes. To that end, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the H -scan US image analysis to scatterer size with a direct...

Focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure of micro-bubble (MB) contrast agents can transiently increase microvascular permeability allowing anticancer drugs to extravasate into a targeted tumor tissue. Either fixed or mechanically steered in space, most studies to date have used a single element focused transducer to deliver the ultrasound (US) energy. The...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease. Patients can be characterized on the NAFLD spectrum by the progressive presence of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and then fibrosis. Currently, liver biopsy remains the only test available to detect the histologic features of NAFLD, but it i...

Vascular abnormalities in a complex tumor microenvironment is one of the major challenges for effective drug delivery and cancer treatment. It has been well established that noninvasive focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with a microbubble (MB) contrast agent can safely and reversibly increase the permeability of blood vessel walls, thereby temporar...

The purpose of this study was to monitor acute changes in pancreatic tumor perfusion with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging following targeted hyaluronan (HA) treatment. Intratumoral accumulation of HA is one of contributing factors that can lead to an increased tumor interstitial pressure (TIP). These elevated TIP levels can hinder deliv...

Porcine mammary fatty tissues represent an abundant source of natural biomaterial for generation of breast-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we report the extraction of total ECM proteins from pig breast fatty tissues, the fabrication of hydrogel and porous scaffolds from the extracted ECM proteins, the structural properties of the scaffold...

Human connective tissues are complex physiological microenvironments favorable for optimal survival, function, growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death of tissue cells. Mimicking native tissue microenvironment using various three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture systems in vitro has been explored for decades, with great advances...

Preparation of three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds from synthetic polymers is a challenge to most laboratories conducting biomedical research. Here, we present a handy and cost-effective method to fabricate polymeric hydrogel and porous scaffolds using poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) or polycaprolactone (PCL). Breast cancer cells grown on...

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of human dentine grafts for new bone augmentation. Materials & methods: Dentine grafts (demineralized dentine matrix [DDM]) and mineralized dentine matrix [MDM]) were prepared and implanted in rats. Tetracycline was administered twice. Paraffin and resin sections were prepared from th...

Bioprinting has exciting prospects of printing three dimensional (3D) tissue constructs by delivering living cells with appropriate matrix materials. However, progress of this field is severely slowed down currently due to limited choices of bioink for cell encapsulation and cytocompatible gelation mechanisms. Here we report development of clinical...

Teraspanin transmembrane protein, Perp (P53 apoptosis effector related to PMP22), which is found in the plasma membrane as a component of the desmosome, is reported to be involved in the morphogenesis of the epithelium and the enamel formation of the incisor. However, its expression pattern and signaling regulation during molar development have not...

The fabrication of scaffolds for more effective bone tissue regeneration has attracted a great deal of attention. In fact, growth factors are already used in clinical practice and are being investigated for enhancing the capacity for bone tissue regeneration. However, despite their strong osteoinductive activity, these growth factors have several l...

Objectives: Bisphosphonate-related jaw necrosis (BRONJ) associated with dental implants is a rare but continuously reported complication. To verify clinical and pathological characteristics of BRONJ around dental implants, the present study analyzed clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings of these lesions. Patients and methods: Nin...

Communication between osteoblasts and endothelial cells is essential for bone fracture repair, but the molecular identities of such communicating factors are not well defined. Here we identify DJ-1 as a novel mediator of the cross-talk between osteoblasts and endothelial cells through an unbiased screening of molecules secreted from human mesenchym...