Giovanni Del Galdo

• Prof. Dr.-Ing.
• Professor (Full) at Technische Universität Ilmenau

Over‐the‐air (OTA) tests have become an essential tool to assess the performance of a wireless device under controllable and repeatable conditions. Such benefits provide a deep insight into the device under test (DUT) performance; nevertheless, the realism achieved by OTA tests is still moderate in comparison to open‐field tests. This contribution...

The use of future communication systems for sensing offers the potential for a number of new applications. In this paper, we show that leveraging user data payloads in multi-node Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) networks for estimating target delay and Doppler-shift parameters can yield a significant advantage in SNR and addres...

Developing channel models typically requires aggregating channel measurements and the corresponding extracted propagation parameters from different research institutions to form a sufficiently large data basis. However, uncertainties arising from limitations of the sounding hardware and algorithms may greatly impact the comparability between soundi...

In this work, we investigate the localization of targets in the presence of multiple scattering. We focus on the often omitted scenario in which measurement data is affected by multiple scattering, and a simpler model is employed in the estimation. We study the impact of such model mismatch by means of the Misspecified Cramér-Rao Bound (MCRB). In n...

Estimating the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), is a simple yet reliable technique to accurately perform an indoor monostatic localization. To implement TDoA estimation, one approach is to utilize a broadband radar system equipped with multiple receiving antenna elements. To obtain the Time of Arrival (ToA) at each antenna element, the round-trip...

The upcoming 3GPP global mobile communication standard 6G strives to push the technological limits of radio frequency (RF) communication even further than its predecessors: Sum data rates beyond 100 Gbit/s, RF bandwidths above 1 GHz per link, and sub-millisecond latency necessitate very high performance development tools. We propose a new SDR firmw...

In this work, we investigate the localization of point-like targets in the presence of multiple scattering.We focus on the often omitted scenario in which measurement data is affected by multiple scattering, and a simpler model is employed in the estimation.We study the impact of such model mismatch by means of the Misspecified Cramér-Rao Bound (...

Wireless devices supporting global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) services have become an essential tool in different areas of technology such as agriculture, construction, automotive, etc. Therefore the performance and reliability of such devices are important aspects that need to be addressed in the testing stage during the development of th...

This publication proposes a parametric data model and a gradient-based maximum likelihood estimator suitable for the description of delay-dispersive responses of multiple dynamic UWB-radar targets. The target responses are estimated jointly with the global target parameters range and velocity. The large relative bandwidth of UWB has consequences fo...

Due to increasingly complex and automated manufacturing processes, the demands on the control parameters of these processes are also increasing. One parameter is the fill quantity of, e.g., liquids in production plants, whose precise determination is of ever-growing importance. Up to now, the exact level of determination under difficult conditions,...

Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) aims at incorporating radar and communications functionalities into a single system, achieving higher spectral efficiency through their joint operation. This paper proposes a methodology for reducing resource elements and scanning beams used in the target detection stage of ISAC. Building upon the well-k...

In this article, we propose an evolved system design approach to ultra-wideband (UWB) radar based on pseudo-random noise (PRN) sequences, the key features of which are its user-adaptability to meet the demands provided by desired microwave imaging applications and its multichannel scalability. In light of providing a fully synchronized multichannel...

p>This publication proposes a parametric data model and a gradient-based maximum likelihood estimator suitable for the description of delay-dispersive responses of multiple dynamic UWB-radar targets. The target responses are estimated jointly with the global target parameters range and velocity. The large relative bandwidth of UWB has consequences...

p>This publication proposes a parametric data model and a gradient-based maximum likelihood estimator suitable for the description of delay-dispersive responses of multiple dynamic UWB-radar targets. The target responses are estimated jointly with the global target parameters range and velocity. The large relative bandwidth of UWB has consequences...

p>This publication proposes a parametric data model and a gradient-based maximum likelihood estimator suitable for the description of delay-dispersive responses of multiple dynamic UWB-radar targets. The target responses are estimated jointly with the global target parameters range and velocity. The large relative bandwidth of UWB has consequences...

In this paper, we implement a low-latency rapid-prototyping platform for signal processing based on software-defined radios (SDRs) and off-the-shelf PC hardware. This platform allows to evaluate a wide variety of algorithms in real-time environments, supporting new developments in the fields of classical, AI-based, and hybrid signal processing. To...

Position, navigation, and timing information are critical to today’s infrastructures; as a result, the possibility of estimating ranges is being explored in more and more radio systems. One way to achieve this is to extend the modulation with time-synchronised aiding carriers and to estimate their phase at the receiver side. In this paper, we prese...

In this paper, we present the ray tracing (RT) simulation in the 3D model of one highly dense clutter industrial hall, which is scanned by laser scanner and reconstructed based on accurate point cloud. The whole processing chain from the scanning of the physical environment to running the simulation is presented in detail. To validate the simulatio...

Capacity, reliability, and latency are seen as key requirements of new emerging applications, namely vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and machine-type communication in future cellular networks. D2D communication is envisaged to be the enabler to accomplish the requirements for the applications as mentioned earlier. Due to the scarcity of radio resources...

Due to increasingly complex and automated manufacturing processes, the demands on the control parameters of these processes are also increasing. In many applications, such a parameter is the fill quantity, whose precise determination is of ever growing importance. This paper shows with which accuracy and precision an M-sequence ultra-wideband radar...

This article focuses on potential enhancements of current 5G New Radio (NR) codebooks (CBs) for user equipment (UE) mobility scenarios. An overview of the incremental evolution of the 5G NR Type-II CBs is presented, and its inherent drawbacks in mobility scenarios are discussed. The current Type-II CBs fail to deliver adequate performance when used...

Non-coherent transmission from multiple transmission-reception-points (TRPs)/base stations or panels to a user equipment (UE) is exploited in 5G NR to improve downlink reliability and cell-edge throughput. Ultra reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) and enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) are prominent target use-cases for multi-TRP or multi-pan...

R-Mode is a terrestrial navigation system under development for the maritime domain that provides backup in case of an GNSS outage. This paper describes the first test results for real-time positioning on board a ship using medium frequency R-Mode signals. The estimation and positioning algorithms used are described in detail and it is shown how th...

R-Mode is an upcoming terrestrial navigation system currently under development. Here, it is planned to expand existing maritime services with the possibilities of deriving range information. Services in the Very High Frequency (VHF) and Medium Frequency (MF) bands are currently under discussion. This paper focuses on the extended DGNSS maritime be...

Energy efficiency has recently drawn significant attention in diverse applications, such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. This paper investigates a joint energy efficiency and sum-rate maximization problem in autonomous resource selection in the 5G new radio (NR) vehicular communication while catering for reliability and latency requi...

The R-Mode system is a terrestrial navigation system currently under development, which exploits existing means of medium frequency radio transmission. The positioning and timing performance depends on the estimation of the signals’ phase offset, from which the ranging information is derived. For an analogous problem such as the single-tone phase e...

In ultrasound nondestructive testing (NDT), a widespread approach is to take synthetic aperture measurements from the surface of a specimen to detect and locate defects within it. Based on these measurements, imaging is usually performed using the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). However, SAFT is suboptimal in terms of resolution and r...

The statistical study of target detectability is crucial in radar system design. In this regard, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal at the radar's receiver is a key parameter and therefore every influence on SNR should be taken into account. One of the main influences is the fluctuation of the target scattering/reflectivity to the i...

Capacity, reliability, and latency are seen as key requirements of new emerging applications, namely Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) and Machine Type Communication (MTC) in future cellular networks. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is envisaged to be the enabler to accomplish the requirements for the applications as mentioned earlier. Due to the sc...

In this contribution, we investigate how changes in received power for a vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication scenario in an urban environment can be modeled. Significant changes are not only observed for line of sight (LoS) to none line of sight (NLoS) transitions but also when the mobile station travels from a narrow street onto a crossr...

In ultrasound nondestructive testing, a widespread approach is to take synthetic aperture measurements from the surface of a specimen to detect and locate defects within it. Based on these measurements, imaging is usually performed using the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT). However, SAFT is sub-optimal in terms of resolution and requir...

Structure-borne acoustic emission (AE) measurement shows major advantages regarding quality assurance and process control in industrial applications. In this paper, laser beam welding of steel and aluminum was carried out under varying process parameters (welding speed, focal position) in order to provide data by means of structure-borne AE and sim...

In this paper, an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform radar sensing approach is demonstrated based on field measurements at C-band. We demonstrate a concept that is based on the exploitation of typical wireless communication transmissions to perform passive, distributed radar sensing. Our concept is based on an OFDM radar tha...

Understanding and analysis of antennas is crucial for the development of modern telecommunication technologies, like 5G or massive MIMO. Research in this area has the need for software to measure, analyze and test antenna systems. For instance, one needs a convenient way to transform large amounts of antenna measurement data into a concise represen...

Automotive radar systems are indispensable for advanced driver assistance systems and traffic safety. Besides existing monostatic radar techniques, bi-static radar sensing like passive coherent location offers additional options to improve the radar visibility of vulnerable road users. Regarding the testing and evaluation of signal processing algor...

Several studies have shown that the signals of marine radio beacons, which operate in the maritime medium frequency (MF) band, can be modified to enable range and position estimate. This technology called Ranging Mode (R-Mode) faces challenges in the resolution of ambiguities and suppression of multipath interference which are related to the small...

This paper presents a novel approach to calibrate an over-the-air (OTA) testbed that can perform 3D full polarimetric wave field synthesis (WFS) to test controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPA) for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). So far, 2D and 2. 5D WFS have been used for single polarization OTA testing as well as MIMO 4G/5G user e...

Due to the drastic increase of electricity prosumers, i.e., energy consumers that are also producers, smart grids have become a key solution for electricity infrastructure. In smart grids, one of the most crucial requirements is the privacy of the final users. The vast majority of the literature addresses the privacy issue by providing ways of hidi...

In this paper, we present cost-effective techniques to assess UHF RFID performance for real world applications. This includes a positioner, based on stepper motors and braided fishing lines, which can position a tag in 3-D space. In combination with inventory meta data like RSSI and phase, we previously showed its use for a variety of measurements,...

The architecture and implementation of a system for synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) reconstruction on ultrasonic data acquired using a hand-held device is described. The reconstruction and the measurement process are performed simultaneously, with the goal of providing instantaneous highly focused visual feedback to the engineer. The i...

In this paper, we discuss the possibilities of utilizing the stationarity of the vehicle to everything (V2X) radio channel for applications in the field of communication as well as passive radar. The stationarity can be interpreted as a measure of how severely the radio channel changes. We compute it in the temporal domain using the generalized loc...

Radio access at mm-waves has been subject of intensive research in the latest years. However, within the initial deployment of 5G, mm-waves are still relegated and there is a generalized idea that the mm-wave channel for radio access, in comparison to the sub-6 GHz channel, is not only sparse but also troublesome for outdoor applications. In the pr...

In this paper, we investigate the influence of measurement inaccuracies of assisted handheld ultrasound measurements on reconstructions with the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT). The assistance system tracks the position of the handheld transducer with a camera. The accuracy of such a tracking is inferior to the accuracy of positioning...

5G promises many new vertical service areas beyond simple communication and data transfer. We propose cooperative passive coherent location (CPCL), a distributed MIMO radar service, which can be offered by mobile radio network operators as a service for public user groups. CPCL comes as an inherent part of the radio network and takes advantage of t...

In this paper, we propose a compressed sensing scheme for volumetric synthetic aperture measurements in ultrasonic nondestructive testing. The compression is achieved by limiting the measurement to a subset of the Fourier coefficients of the full measurement data, where we also address the issue of a suitable hardware architecture for the task. We...

In the present paper we introduce the results of simultaneous multi-band ultra-wideband measurements at 6.75, 30, and 60 GHz in a street canyon scenario under LOS in Germany. This is the first part of a street canyon measurements series using the same channel sounder in different parts of the world. The aim of these measurements is to analyse and c...

In the air-ground propagation channel, multipath propagation severely affects the performance of communication, navigation, and surveillance systems used in civil aviation. To verify the performance of aeronautical wireless transmission systems independently from expensive flight trials a channel model for computer simulations is required. Based on...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, and BeiDou, are vital for safety-critical applications such as civilian aviation and autonomous vehicles. These applications demand very accurate positioning, especially in scenarios in which multipath components are present. In this paper, we propose a semi-algebraic framew...

In this paper, a novel three dimensional (3D) hybrid ray tracing (HRT) method for wave propagation simulation for large indoor and small cell urban environment is proposed. HRT combines two image based ray tracing (RT) methods: "standard" ray tracing (i.e., the rigorous and conventional image ray tracing) with high accuracy and "intelligent" ray tr...

The individual Radar Cross Section (RCS) of each vehicle is very important for detection, tracking, and classification in automotive radar applications. Apart from these typical radar applications, the bistatic RCS of vehicles can be applied as a scattering model within wireless propagation channel modelling for the evaluation of vehicular communic...

Polarization diversity at mm-waves is under consideration for the new 3GPP release. Since mm-waves systems have higher resolution in the time and angular domain, more accurate intra-cluster models are needed, in which path properties as polarization becomes more deterministic. In the present paper we discuss the limitations of the current modelling...

We introduce simultaneous multi-band ultra wide-band directional measurements at 6.75 GHz, 30 GHz, and 60 GHz in an indoor environment with different visibility conditions. Large scale parameters and path-loss has been analysed for the different bands considering the propagation channel, and later the influence of the system aspects in the radio ch...

Automotive radar systems are indispensable for advanced driver assistance systems. Beside existing monostatic radar techniques, bi-static radar sensing like passive coherent location offers additional options to improve the radar visibility of vulnerable road users. Regarding testing and evaluation of passive radar signal processing algorithms incl...

The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) explains how to estimate an integer-valued number from the knowledge of the remainders obtained by dividing such unknown integer by co-prime integers. As an algebraic theorem, CRT is the basis for several techniques concerning data processing. For instance, considering a single-tone signal whose frequency value i...

In this paper, we present cost-effective techniques to assess UHF RFID performance for real world applications. This includes a positioner, made from roof battens and stepper motors, which can position a tag in 3-D space. It can be used for a variety of measurements, e.g., tag RSSI or phase patterns or influence of distance to materials and other t...

This contribution investigates the stationarity of the vehicle to vehicle (V2V) channel in terms of distance and time. Due to high inherent mobility, the channel can not be assumed to follow the wide sense stationary (WSS) and uncorrelated scattering (US) assumption. Therefore, new evaluation methods have to be applied. We assess the stationarity f...