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Giorgio Tamborrini

Giorgio Tamborrini
Swiss Ultrasound Center and Institute for Rheumatology, Basel, Switzerland · Ultrasound and Rheumatology

KD Dr. med.

About

235
Publications
27,396
Reads
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1,745
Citations
Additional affiliations
January 2017 - May 2023
UZR - Swiss Ultrasound Center and Institute for Rheumatology
Position
  • EULAR Network of Imaging Training Center 2015-2022
August 2017 - present
Universitätsspital Basel
Position
  • Konsiliararzt - Ultraschall - Biopsieteam
Description
  • Konsiliararzt Ultraschallsprechstunde SGUM und Mitglied Biopsieteam
February 2005 - March 2012
University Hospital Zürich
Position
  • Rheumatologe und Ultraschaller
Education
August 1994 - December 2016
Different Skills
Field of study
  • different skills

Publications

Publications (235)
Article
Full-text available
Bursitis is a common condition in clinical practice, often causing pain in the shoulder and buttock areas due to inflamed bursae. Proper diagnosis and treatment depend on knowing the presence and exact location of these bursae. Anatomy classes typically provide limited instruction on bursae because they are difficult to demonstrate during dissectio...
Article
Full-text available
Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is an umbrella medical term referring to pain and swelling on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus. High-resolution ultrasound imaging is commonly used in daily practice to assess the pathological changes of the Achilles tendon, cortical bone of the calcaneus, and soft tissues located inside the retrocalcaneal spa...
Article
Full-text available
Ultrasound is a reliable imaging modality for diagnosing and assessing musculoskeletal disorders. Recent advancements in ultrasound technology have substantially improved image resolution, enabling the visu- alization of anatomic structures on a near-microscopic level. However, existing guidelines for standardized shoulder ultrasound primarily rely...
Article
Full-text available
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Im Fußballsport sind Muskelverletzungen ein häufiges Verletzungsmuster. Die Bildgebung ist ein zentrales Element zur Diagnosestellung. Hierfür werden hauptsächlich die MRT und der Ultraschall eingesetzt. Beide Verfahren haben Vor- und Nachteile, welche abgewogen werden sollten. Neue Ultraschalltechniken Die Rolle der M...
Article
This study assesses musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) knowledge, attitudes, and practices among young rheumatologists in Mexico, aiming to identify barriers and facilitators to its clinical use. An online survey distributed to a network of young rheumatologists captured demographics, institutional, and personal MSUS information. Multivariable analy...
Article
We report a case of intermittent dislocation of the flexor hallucis longus at its passage in the retro-malleolar area, related to a post-traumatic detachment of the retrotalar pulley from the medial tubercle of the talus. High-resolution ultrasound depicted the anterior dislocation of the tendon during dynamic stress, by asking the patient to flex...
Article
Full-text available
Objectives: This scoping review aimed to give an overview of the existing literature about ultrasound-guided labeling techniques of human cadaver ligaments and tried to work out the possibilities of integrating ultrasound into dissection courses. Methods: A literature review was carried out on the 3rd of January 2023, with relevant studies disco...
Article
Background: Injections around the Achilles tendon (AT) are commonly performed in clinical practice to manage non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy, but the presence/distribution of the injectate with relation to its sheath has not been assessed specifically. Accordingly, the aim of this cadaveric investigation was to demonstrate the feasibility of...
Article
A 64-year-old woman presented with right shoulder pain, experiencing a painful arc and a mechanical clicking sensation during external rotation. MRI and arthroscopy were inconclusive. However, ultrasonographic evaluation showed a slight thickening of the subdeltoid bursa overlying the subscapularis tendon with the arm in a standard position (supina...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: The prevalence of crystal arthropathies in the general population is rising. The purpose of this pictorial study is to describe the sonographic elements of the most prevalent crystal arthropathies by emphasizing particular sonographic findings using illustrative images and cases while considering technical details and common pitfalls....
Article
The aim of the present study was to illustrate the (potential) diagnostic role of high resolution US images in assessing the elementary lesions of dactylitis. Using high-frequency US machines/probes, we matched the micro-anatomical cadaveric architecture of the digit with multiple sonographic findings of dactylitis. High-sensitive color/power Doppl...
Article
Background Ultrasound has been shown to be a valid tool for the evaluation of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet a consensual scoring system is lacking. Objectives To assess the reliability of a semiquantitative scoring system for assessing structural bone erosion by ultrasound in a web-based reliability exercise. Methods A task forc...
Chapter
The hardware improvements in the last 20 years have impressively increased the capabilities of ultrasound in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. Ultrasound is now considered in many clinical situations as the first-line imaging technique to evaluate limb disorders because of its high definition and dynamic capabilities. In addition, ultra...
Article
Full-text available
CME Sonography 107: Ultrasound Elbow Cases Abstract. In this article, we discuss exemplary sonographic pathologies at the anterior, lateral, medial, and posterior elbow, highlighting important structures that should be systematically examined in the corresponding elbow region.
Article
CME Sonography 108: Achilles Tendon Ultrasound: Sonoanatomy and Pathologies Abstract. The Achilles tendon is the thickest tendon in the human body. Due to its superficial location and the high prevalence of its pathologies, the Achilles tendon is one of the most frequently sonographed tendons. As a cost-effective and quickly available diagnostic to...
Article
Full-text available
Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a very common and painful condition seen in the daily practice of musculoskeletal physicians. Ultrasound-guided (USG) injections are commonly performed to manage the pain, promote the healing phase, and plan a tailored rehabilitation treatment. In this aspect, several techniques were described to target specific pain g...
Article
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to propose a methodologically innovative sonographic approach for optimal evaluation of synovial tissues (starting from histopathology). Methods: Using high-frequency ultrasound probes and high-level ultrasound machines, we matched the histological microarchitecture of synovial tissues with multiple sono...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Im klinischen Alltag sind wir sehr häufig mit Bursitiden konfrontiert. Sie können in praktisch jeder Gelenksregion z.B. bei lokalen mechanischen Überlastungen oder nach einem Trauma oder im Rahmen einer entzündlichen Systemerkrankung auftreten. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit fokussieren wir auf die Bursen im Bereich der Schulter und mö...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Die axiale Spondyloarthritis ist eine chronische entzündliche Gelenkserkrankung mit hauptsächlicher Beteiligung der Iliosakralgelenke (ISG) und der Wirbelsäule. Die Diagnose kann dank akut entzündlicher Veränderungen der ISG in der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRI) früh gestellt werden. Die Röntgenaufnahmen der ISG helfen in der Frühd...
Article
Objective: To define a standardized comprehensive sonographic approach for evaluating the different histo-anatomical compartments of the lateral elbow. Design: Using high-frequency US probes, we tried to match the anatomical features of the lateral elbow and its different sonographic patterns in patients with the diagnosis of lateral epicondylit...
Article
Background Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) has been reported to predict radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives To test the predictive value of composite disease activity indices (DAI) based on solely clinical as well as clinical and US (USDAI) information to predict radiographic progression in RA. Methods Data from the...
Article
Full-text available
Background Structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes bone erosion, cartilage change, and joint malalignment; historically evaluated with conventional radiography. Ultrasound (US) has been shown to be a valid tool for evaluating both cartilage change and bone erosion. Objectives To obtain agreement on definitions and develop semiquant...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Muskelverletzungen sind häufig und treten nicht nur bei Sportler_innen, sondern auch im Alltag auf. Für die Therapie und Prognose ist es wichtig, das Ausmass der Verletzung, die geschädigten Strukturen und mögliche Komplikationen zu erkennen. Mittels Ultraschallbildgebung kann in den meisten Fällen die Verletzung gut erfasst werden...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele werden besondere rheumatologische Fälle illustriert. Zum einen stellen wir Differenzialdiagnosen und Ursachen einer «Bakerzyste» vor, zum anderen einen Fall mit Befall der Halswirbelsäule bei rheumatoider Arthritis. In der Regel führen uns bereits die Anamnese und die präzise klinische Untersuchung in...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Schulterschmerzen können ihren Ursprung in verschiedenen Strukturen des Schultergelenks oder in betroffenen periartikulären Strukturen haben. Daher ist es wichtig, eine spezifische Diagnose stellen zu können und die genaue Pathologie, die dahintersteckt, zu identifizieren, um die am besten geeignete, individuell präzise Behandlung...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: The role of US-detected tenosynovitis (USTS) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tenosynovitis can predict a flare in rheumatoid arthritis patients in remission in a real-life cohort. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis patients from the Swiss Clinical Quality Man...
Chapter
In this chapter, we discuss the basic anatomy and histology of the major salivary glands. We focus on important histological features and in particular on the anatomical location of the three major salivary glands. To support anatomically precise ultrasound diagnostics, we will highlight the three major salivary glands in this chapter, i.e., the pa...
Article
Objectives To develop evidence-based Points to Consider (PtC) for the use of imaging modalities to guide interventional procedures in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Methods European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) standardised operating procedures were followed. A systematic literature review was con...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Wir stellen einen Fall mit undifferenzierter, bzw. nicht klassifizierter Polyarthritis und mit peripherer diffuser idiopathischer skelettaler Hyperostose (DISH) vor. Hierbei diskutieren wir die Differenzialdiagnosen der «seronegativen» Polyarthritis und erläutern die konventionelle Bildgebung der wenig bekannten peripheren Manifest...
Article
Objective The aim of this exercise from the OMERACT ultrasound subgroup on Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) was to develop and assess the reliability of a consensus-based semiquantitative colour Doppler (CD) ultrasound scoring system for pathologic salivary gland vascularization in patients with pSS. Methods Using the Delphi method a CD semiquantitative s...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Wir stellen einen Fall mit undifferenzierter, bzw. nicht klassifizierter Polyarthritis und mit peripherer diffuser idiopathischer skelettaler Hyperostose (DISH) vor. Hierbei diskutieren wir die Differenzialdiagnosen der «seronegativen» Polyarthritis und erläutern die konventionelle Bildgebung der wenig bekannten peripheren Manifest...
Article
Zusammenfassung. In der Ultraschalltechnologie in der Medizin (und in vielen anderen Lebensbereichen) erleben wir andauernd enorme Fortschritte. Die Automatisierung in der Medizin nimmt zu, so auch in der bildgebenden Diagnostik. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den aktuellen technischen Stand im Ultraschall am Bewegungsapparat und wir wagen einen Ausblic...
Article
Zusammenfassung. In der Ultraschalltechnologie in der Medizin (und in vielen anderen Lebensbereichen) erleben wir andauernd enorme Fortschritte. Die Automatisierung in der Medizin nimmt zu, so auch in der bildgebenden Diagnostik. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den aktuellen technischen Stand im Ultraschall am Bewegungsapparat und wir wagen einen Ausblic...
Article
Full-text available
Background Viral infections may trigger autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. Immunizations mimic viral infections immunologically, but only in rare instances vaccinations coincide with the onset of autoimmunity. Inadvertent vaccine injection into periarticular shoulder tissue can cause inflammatory tissue damage (‘shoulder injury re...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Unter Notfallsonografie (NFS) verstehen wir eine fokussierte Sonografie in Notfallsituationen, auch Notfall «Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)» genannt. Die behandelnde Ärztin/der behandelnde Arzt setzt sie gezielt und direkt an der Patientin/am Patienten ein. Als unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der körperlichen Untersuchung hilft die N...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Unter Notfallsonografie (NFS) verstehen wir eine fokussierte Sonografie in Notfallsituationen, auch Notfall-«Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)» genannt. Die behandelnde Ärztin/der behandelnde Arzt setzt sie gezielt und direkt an der Patientin/am Patienten ein. Als unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der körperlichen Untersuchung hilft die N...
Article
CME Rheumatology 23/Answers: Rheumatoid Arthritis Following COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection Abstract. Individuals with rheumatic diseases, especially those on immuno-modulating treatment, have an increased risk of infection. On the other hand, it is known that viral infections may be a cause for acute arthralgias and of arthritis. We present in the f...
Data
A series of high educational value ultrasound images collected at high resolution from three different patients is provided along with a general description of the ultrasonographic characteristics of Knuckle Pads
Data
The refractory Knuckle Pad of the right big toe is shown at classic ultrasonography and Doppler analysis, both conducted at an operating frequency of 13 MHz
Article
Full-text available
Knuckle pads are benign subcutaneous and usually hyperkeratotic fibromas for which no specific treatments exist. Unspecific treatments are, most of the time, ineffective and a wait-and-see policy is often recommended to patients. However, especially in adolescents, knuckle pads are often poorly tolerated for cosmetic reasons, potentially causing em...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Hüftschmerzen haben eine breite Differenzialdiagnose. Eine klinische Untersuchung reicht nicht, um die zugrundeliegende Ursache festzustellen. Die Sonografie hilft in den meisten Fällen, die Differenzialdiagnose einzugrenzen, beziehungsweise eine spezifische Diagnose zu stellen. Im Weiteren erlaubt der Ultraschall eine gezielte und...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Zusammenfassung: Hüftschmerzen haben eine breite Differentialdiagnose. Eine klinische Untersuchung reicht nicht, um die zugrundeliegende Ursache festzustellen. Die Sonografie hilft in den meisten Fällen, die Differentialdiagnose einzugrenzen, beziehungsweise eine spezifische Diagnose zu stellen. Im Weiteren erlaubt der Ultraschall...
Article
CME Rheumatology 23: Rheumatoid Arthritis Following COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection Abstract. Individuals with rheumatic diseases, especially those on immuno-modulating treatment, have an increased risk of infection. On the other hand, it is known that viral infections may be a cause for acute arthralgias and of arthritis. We present in the following...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Anhand von verschiedenen Fällen werden häufige und weniger häufige Ursachen von schmerzhaften oder geschwollenen Gelenken illustriert. In der Regel führt uns bereits die Anamnese und die präzise klinische Untersuchung in die richtige diagnostische Richtung. Die weiteren Abklärungen wie Laboranalysen oder bildgebende Verfahren werde...
Book
Full-text available
Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System, Nerve Ultrasound, Ultrasound Guided Interventions and Arthroscopy Atlas. In our Textbook we present high resolution Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Sonoanatomy images according to international guidelines. Including: More than 1500 images Ultrasound patterns of normal musculoskeletal tissues Anatomical and Art...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Anhand von verschiedenen Fällen werden häufige und weniger häufige Ursachen von schmerzhaften oder geschwollenen Gelenken illustriert. In der Regel führt uns bereits die Anamnese und die präzise klinische Untersuchung in die richtige diagnostische Richtung. Die weiteren Abklärungen wie Laboranalysen oder bildgebende Verfahren werde...
Article
Abstract in English, German (Ultrasound of the Hand (Adapted According to SGUM Guidelines) Abstract. This review paper explains the simplified ultrasound anatomy of the hand and the fingers. The adapted basic standard planes are described in detail according to SGUM guidelines and illustrated with a selection of high-resolution ultrasound images. A...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Anteriore Schulterschmerzen sind häufig, und die klinische Untersuchung ist im Vergleich zur hochauflösenden dynamischen Sonografie in der Regel zur exakten Einordnung der Ursache der Schmerzen zu wenig präzise. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit diskutieren wir mögliche Ursachen von anterioren Schulterschmerzen mit besonderem Augenmerk au...
Article
CME Sonography 95: Sonographic Differential Diagnosis of Anterior Shoulder Pain Abstract. Anterior shoulder pain is common, and, compared to high-resolution dynamic sonography, the clinical examination is usually not precise enough for the exact classification of the cause of the pain. In this review we discuss possible causes of anterior shoulder...
Article
Full-text available
Aims: RheumaTool is a clinical decision support system designed to support the diagnostic process in rheumatology by presenting a differential diagnosis list after the input of clinical information. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of RheumaTool in detecting the correct diagnosis in referrals to a rheumatology clinic. M...
Article
Full-text available
Zusammenfassung: In diesem CME konzentrieren wir uns auf die Ultraschallanatomie der Enthese. Im Weiteren beschreiben wir Enthesopathien und Enthesitiden und diskutieren damit verbundene differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen. Es ist wich-tig, sämtliche Erkrankungen zu kennen, welche sich an der Enthese manifestieren können, damit Diagnosen korrekt...
Article
Ultrasound of the Foot (Adapted According to SGUM Guidelines) Abstract. This review paper explains the simplified ultrasound anatomy of the foot including the ankle, midfoot and the toes. The adapted basic standard planes are described in detail according to SGUM guidelines and illustrated with a selection of high-resolution ultrasound images. A pr...
Article
Zusammenfassung. In diesem CME konzentrieren wir uns auf die Ultraschallanatomie der Enthese. Im Weiteren beschreiben wir Enthesopathien und Enthesitiden und diskutieren damit verbundene differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen. Es ist wichtig, sämtliche Erkrankungen zu kennen, welche sich an der Enthese manifestieren können, damit Diagnosen korrekt...
Article
Ultrasound of the Knee (Adapted According to SGUM Guidelines) Abstract. This review paper explains the simplified ultrasound anatomy of the knee. The adapted basic standard planes are described in detail according to SGUM guidelines and illustrated with a selection of high-resolution ultrasound images. A profound knowledge of the sonographic anatom...
Article
CME Sonography 93/Answers: Ultrasound of the Enthesis - Not Every Enthesitis Signals a Spondyloarthritis Abstract. In this CME we will focus on the ultrasound anatomy of the enthesis. It is important to know all the diseases that can manifest themselves at the enthesis, so that diagnoses can be made, and patients classified correctly. At this point...
Article
Zusammenfassung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die vereinfachte Ultraschallanatomie der Hüfte erläutert. Hierbei werden die adaptierten grundlegenden Standardebenen nach SGUM-Richtlinien im Detail beschrieben und anhand einer Auswahl von hochauflösenden Ultraschall-Bildern illustriert. Fundierte Kenntnisse der sonografischen Anatomie sind unabdin...
Article
Zusammenfassung. Die Synovialbiopsie hält zunehmend Einzug in die Diagnostik der Medizin des Bewegungsapparats. Zum einen können hierdurch unklare Arthritiden umfassend abgeklärt werden. Zum anderen mehren sich die Publikationen, die zeigen, dass die Bestimmung der Histologie, der zellulären Zusammensetzung und der RNA-Expression im Synovialgewebe...
Article
Full-text available
Résumé Objectif: les résultats mesures d’activité de la maladie telles que le score d’activité clinique (DAS 28) ou les scores échographiques sont souvent divergents. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer la proportion de désaccords entre ces deux méthodes d’évaluation chez des patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) et de dé...
Article
Full-text available
Degenerative or traumatic ruptures of the distal biceps tendon are less common than proxi-mal lesions. Distal lesions lead to a significant loss of function with usually considerable dis-comfort for patients. Therefore, precise diagnostics using operator-dependent high-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound with illustration of the extent of the aff...
Article
Zusammenfassung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die vereinfachte Ultraschallanatomie des Ellenbogens erläutert. Hierbei werden die adaptierten grundlegenden Standardebenen nach SGUM-Richtlinien im Detail beschrieben und anhand einer Auswahl von hochauflösenden Ultraschall-Bildern illustriert. Fundierte Kenntnisse der sonografischen Anatomie sind u...
Article
The most common etiology of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is idiopathic. However, secondary causes of CTS should be considered when symptoms are unilateral, or electrodiagnostic studies are discrepant with the clinical presentation. Imaging of the carpal tunnel should be performed when secondary causes of CTS are suspected. An ultrasound evaluation...
Article
Zusammenfassung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die vereinfachte Ultraschallanatomie der Schulter erläutert. Es werden die adaptierten grundlegenden Standardebenen nach SGUM-Richtlinien im Detail beschrieben und anhand einer Auswahl von hochauflösenden Ultraschall-Bildern illustriert. Um Pathologien zu erkennen, sind fundierte Kenntnisse der sonog...
Article
CME Sonography 90: Tumors and Nodules of the Hand Abstract. In this CME, which focuses on ultrasound of the musculoskeletal system, we concentrate on tumors and nodules on the hand and fingers. Firstly, the main focus is on device adjustment and image quality optimization. Second, individual tumors and nodules are discussed clinically and sonograph...
Article
CME Rheumatology 20: Parvovirus B19-Induced Tenosynovitis? Abstract. In this case presentation we discuss diagnostic algorithms and differential diagnoses in undifferentiated tenosynovitis. We present a case of a patient with chronic tenosynovitis in the 4th extensor tendon compartment. With unremarkable anamnesis and due to normal laboratory resul...
Article
Full-text available
Objectives: To evaluate grey scale US (GSUS) and power Doppler US synovitis (PDUS), separately or in combination (CombUS), to predict joint damage progression in RA. Methods: In this cohort study nested in the Swiss RA register, all patients with sequential hand radiographs at their first US assessment were included. We analysed the summations o...
Article
Objective: Measurements of disease activity, such as the clinical disease activity score (DAS28) or ultrasound (US) scores, often yield discordant results. This study's objectives were to determine the proportion of disagreements between the two assessment methods in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to describe factors associated with d...
Article
Rheumatology from A to Z - a Web-Based Information Tool Abstract. Online health information is consulted frequently. However, appropriately examining this data for its quality, trustworthiness, and clinical relevance presents a challenge even for medical professionals. This project offers contents in the area of the musculoskeletal system that has...
Article
Full-text available
Introduction: Surgical biopsy of minor salivary glands is routinely performed for the diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome. However, surgical biopsies of the minor labial glands may result in various complications in up to 6% of patients. On the other hand, adverse events following core needle biopsies of the parotid gland in non-rheumatological settings...
Article
Full-text available
Objectives To compare drug survival in patients with axial spondyloarthritis treated with different TNF inhibitors in standard dosage. Methods Patients fulfilling the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort were included in this study...
Article
Objective To develop ultrasound (US) definitions and a US novel scoring system for major salivary gland (SG) lesions in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and to test their intrareader and inter-reader reliability using US video clips. Methods Twenty-five rheumatologists were subjected to a three-round, web-based Delphi process in orde...
Book
Full-text available
Targeted therapeutic injections of joints, periarticular structures, tendon sheaths or bursae are among the most important treatments for inflammatory rheumatic or inflammatory activated degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, injections of periarticular structures are also performed in post-traumatic situations or in over...
Book
Full-text available
Wir gehen in diesem Leitfaden auf Aspekte der Ernährung in Bezug auf rheumatische Erkrankung ein unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Studien. Im Weiteren stellen Betroffene und Experten praktische Rezepte vor. Aus dem Inhalt: - Basis für eine gesunde Ernährung - Omega 3 Fettsäuren - Mikrobiom - TCM
Conference Paper
Background In daily practice, surgical biopsy of minor salivary glands is routinely performed for the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. The classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome imply specific positive labial salivary gland biopsy findings. Surgical biopsies of the minor labial glands may result in up to 6% of patients in various complicati...
Book
Full-text available
Clinical examination and a thorough medical history are essential in clinical practice. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (msus) is an excellent and validated tool in the diagnostics and assessment of musculoskeletal (msk) diseases such as inflammatory and non- inflammatory joint diseases. High resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (msus) plays an importa...