
Gilles EscarguelClaude Bernard University Lyon 1 | UCBL · Laboratoire d'écologie des hydrosystèmes naturels et anthropisés (LEHNA)
Gilles Escarguel
Ph.D., H.D.R.
About
229
Publications
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Introduction
I am a paleobiologist working on morphological evolution, biogeography & macroecology by developing biostatistical approaches in various systematic, chronological & ecological contexts, including Early Triassic marine faunas, Cenozoic mammals, Neogene to recent planktonic foraminiferas, and extant ants. I am also Deputy-Director of the LEHNA (http://umr5023.univ-lyon1.fr/) and Editor in chief of Geobios (Elsevier; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00166995).
Additional affiliations
Education
September 1995 - December 1998
ISEM, Univ. Montpellier 2
Field of study
- Vertebrate Paleontology (rodents)
September 1992 - June 1995
Faculty of Sciences, Univ. Montpellier 2
Field of study
- Vertebrate Paleontology
September 1989 - June 1992
Faculty of Sciences, Univ. Montpellier 2
Field of study
- Natural Sciences
Publications
Publications (229)
1. We present mvMORPH, a package of multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods for the R statistical environment. mvMORPH is freely available on the CRAN package repository (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mvMORPH/).
2. mvMORPH allows fitting a range of multivariate evolutionary models under a maximum-likelihood criterion. Initially devel...
In the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction, the Early Triassic (~251.9 to 247 million years ago) is portrayed as an environmentally unstable interval characterized by several biotic crises and heavily depauperate marine benthic ecosystems. We describe a new fossil assemblage —the Paris Biota— from the earliest Spathian (middle Olenekian, ~250.6...
Warning : PER-SIMPER has been tested and used on presence/absence data, please use abundance data with as many caution as possible. Very high abundance taxa can alter the PER-SIMPER functionning. See Vilmi & Gibert 2020 as well as my GitHub account for R package.
Aim: Understanding how ecosystem functioning and evolution shape taxonomic assemblage...
Patterns in community composition are scale‐dependent and generally difficult to distinguish. Therefore, quantifying the main assembly processes in various systems and across different datasets has remained challenging. Building on the PER‐SIMPER method, we propose a new metric, the dispersal–niche continuum index (DNCI), which estimates whether di...
The mass extinction characterizing the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB; ~ 252 Ma) corresponds to a major faunal shift between the Palaeozoic and the Modern evolutionary fauna. The temporal, spatial, environmental, and ecological dynamics of the associated biotic recovery remain highly debated, partly due to the scarce, or poorly-known, Early Triassi...
Phosphate rocks are the most important natural source of phosphorus. While a large literature discusses the conditions of their formation in marine environments, few document their formation in a terrestrial context. The Quercy phosphate mines in south-west France, known as phosphatières, are notable for their exceptional Cenozoic palaeontological...
The Carboniferous myriapod Arthropleura is the largest arthropod of all time, but its fossils are usually incomplete, limiting the understanding of its anatomy, ecology, and relationships. Micro-computed tomography applied to exceptionally preserved specimens from the Carboniferous Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte (France) reveals unprecedented detai...
The nature and extent of diversity in the plankton has fascinated scientists for over a century. Initially, the discovery of many new species in the remarkably uniform and unstructured pelagic environment appeared to challenge the concept of ecological niches. Later, it became obvious that only a fraction of plankton diversity had been formally des...
Livret de synthèse d'une conférence donnée en trois lieux différents au sein du Géoparc du Beaujolais (Villefranche-sur-Saône, Beaujeu, Tarare) en Septembre-Octobre 2023.
Un grand merci à toute l'équipe du Géoparc pour l'organisation de ces conférences, et plus particulièrement à Floriane Hélou-Frugier pour la réalisation de ce livret.
Visitez le...
Mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda) are marine benthic predators well known for their raptorial claws that have, through time, evolved into unique structures with exceptional stunning, piercing or even dismembering functions. Known since the Carboniferous, Stomatopoda fossils have started providing insights into the rise of these predators, however, major...
Knowledge of the early evolution of post-Palaeozoic crinoids mainly relies on the well-preserved and abundant material
sampled in Triassic Konservat-Lagerstätten such as those from the Anisian Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of the
Germanic Basin. These crinoid-bearing Lagerstätten have been central to understanding the rapid evolution and diversific...
Arthropods constitute a highly diverse group of animals dominated by insects, arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods, the latter consisting of two important classes: Chilopoda and Diplopoda. Diplopods are remarkable for their diversity and disparity and have a long and rich fossil record going back to the Silurian. Here, X-ray microtomography (mCT) r...
How biological communities are assembled is an old but lively debate, especially today, as the efficiency of conservation policies depend on our capacity to correctly identify the assembly processes at play within the species assemblages we aim to protect. The wide range of assembly modes, once seen as mutually exclusive hypothesis are now seen as...
Parrotia persica is one of the most notable endemic relict tree species growing in the Hyrcanian forest at the southern Caspian Sea. The recent discovery of sibling species Parrotia subaequalis, occurring in the temperate forests of south-eastern China, offers the opportunity to compare their morphology and ecological preferences and to dig deeper...
We describe here the early Spathian (Early Triassic) Paris Biota decapod fauna from the western USA basin. This fauna contains two taxa of Aegeridae (Dendobranchiata), namely Anisaeger longirostrus n. sp. and Aeger sp. that are the oldest known representatives of their family, thus extending its temporal range by 5 Myr back into the Early Triassic....
Taxonomy is the very first step of most biodiversity studies, but how confident can we be in the taxa delineation? One may hypothesize that the more abundant the material, the more accurate the description of morphological variability and hence the better the taxonomic delineation. Yet, as we shall see, in the case of numerous transitional forms, t...
The "phosphatières du Quercy" are karstic fillings exploited for phosphate at the end of the 19th century. They yield countless continental fossils through some 30 million years, ranging from late early Eocene to early Miocene. This exceptional paleontological series documents the 'Grande Coupure', a major biogeographical event involving a profound...
The Aurora Subglacial Basin (ASB) catchment contains 3-5 m of sea-level equivalent ice volume that drains to the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica via the Totten Glacier system. Observed thinning and retreat of Totten Glacier indicate regional sensitivity to oceanographic and atmospheric warming. Paleoclimate studies of climatically sensitive catchmen...
The late Smithian extinction represents a major event within the Early Triassic. This event generally corresponds to a succession of two, possibly three successively less diverse, cosmopolitan ammonoid assemblages, which when present, provide a robust biostratigraphic framework and precise correlations at different spatial scales. In the western US...
Species and nestmate recognition in social insects occurs mostly through cuticular hydrocarbons acting as chemical cues. These compounds generate a colony‐specific odor profile depending on genetic and environmental factors. Species and nestmate recognition results in specific behavioral responses, regulating the level of aggression toward other in...
A new fauna has been collected from a fissure filling named Cos in the Quercy region, southwestern France. It includes four primate species and a plesiadapiform. The cercamoniine adapiform Protoadapis andrei Godinot and Vidalenc, nov. sp., is represented by material that adds to our knowledge of the genus Protoadapis for the upper canine, upper mol...
This README accompanies data_cordonnier-et-al.xlsx
Associate publication :
Discrimination of conspecifics from heterospecifics in a hybrid zone: behavioural and chemical cues in ants
Insect Science
M. Cordonnier, B. Kaufmann, L. Simon, G. Escarguel, N. Mondy
****************************** CONTENTS *******************************
The data are...
Few sedimentary archives of lake meromixis are available in palaeolimnological records, because long-term observations are limited in time and indisputable sediment proxies of hypolimnetic anoxia are still scarce. Here we use visible and near infrared (VNIR), and shortwave infra-red (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging combined with geochemical analyses to...
Palynological analysis of Site M0077A in the Chicxulub impact crater has yielded a record of the immediate Cretaceous/Paleogene recovery from ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, followed by a record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and later Ypresian (Eocene), including the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Eight sp...
New Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages were sampled near the Utah/Arizona border. They provide several spatiotemporal constraints on the regional Sinbad Formation showing that the extent of the Smithian sea in the southwestern-most part of the western USA basin is larger than previously expected, reaching northern Arizona and an area ju...
R function to compute LSI (Simpson 1941), VSI (Uerpmann 1982), and VSI* (Escarguel 2008). Bootstraped values and confidence intervals can be computed using parametric or non-parametric approaches.
To find and use the code of functions please go to https://github.com/sginot/MorphoInd
In eusocial Hymenoptera, haplodiploidy and polyandry may facilitate selection for hybridization. Interspecific hybridization is widespread in ants and can lead to hybrid inviability as well as the formation of new species through hybrid speciation. However, in ants, polyandry is uncommon. By analyzing microsatellite markers on 15 ant workers per co...
Abstract
In eusocial Hymenoptera, haplodiploidy and polyandry may facilitate selection for hybridization. Interspecific hybridization is widespread in ants and can lead to hybrid inviability as well as the formation of new species through hybrid speciation. However, in ants, polyandry is uncommon. By analyzing microsatellite markers on 15 ant worke...
Global changes, such as climate and urbanization, are strongly entwined and aggravated by the development of human activities, which also intensifies the human-mediated dispersal of species. However, few studies have explicitly considered the combined influence of urbanization and climate on species expansion. We investigated the combined roles of...
Cainotheriids are a family of small artiodactyls, known in the fossil record from the late Eocene to the middle Miocene in Western Europe. Contrary to several European endemic ungulate groups that became extinct at the end of the Eocene or close to the Eocene–Oligocene transition (Grande Coupure), cainotheriids crossed this boundary and diversified...
The Early Triassic is generally portrayed as a time of various, high ecological stresses leading to a delayed biotic
recovery after the devastating end-Permian mass extinction. This interval is notably characterized by repeated
biotic crises (e.g., during the late Smithian), large-scale fluctuations of the global carbon, nitrogen and sulfur
cycles...
Context
Urbanization is a global change which deeply impacts landscapes. Long studied through transects along urbanization gradients, ecological response to urbanization can now be investigated precisely using direct GIS-based measures. Ecological responses are strongly scale-dependent as both large- and fine-scale environments drive species distri...
Micropaleontologists often consider relative abundances of taxa to infer past ecological, environmental and climate conditions and dynamics. However, most published micropaleontological studies involving relative abundance data still do not routinely consider the counting uncertainty inherent to any sample, and thus simply ignore the statistical co...
The rise of calcareous nannoplankton in Mesozoic oceans has deeply impacted ocean chemistry and contributed to shaping modern oceans. Nevertheless, the calcareous nannoplankton colonization of past marine environments remains poorly understood. Based on an extensive compilation of published and unpublished data, we show that their accumulation rate...
This README accompanies the file "data_Cordonnier_LandEcol.txt"
Associated publication :
Multi-scale impacts of urbanization on species distribution within the genus
Tetramorium - Landscape Ecology
M. Cordonnier, C. Gibert, A. Bellec, B. Kaufmann, G. Escarguel
********************************** CONTENTS ***********************************
The...
Interspecific hybridization is becoming more frequent worldwide due to increasing global changes and translocations of organisms. For individual organisms, the most significant negative consequences are sterility or inviability of hybrid offspring. However, hybridization sometimes leads to fertile offspring, promoting introgression from one species...
A new, diverse and complex Early Triassic assemblage was recently discovered west of the town of Paris, Idaho (Bear Lake County), USA. This assemblage has been coined the Paris Biota. Dated earliest Spathian (Olenekian), the Paris Biota provides further evidence that the biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction was well underway ca. 1.5...
Knowledge on the morphology of Early Triassic ophiuroids is very limited, in spite of the relatively high number of described species. This hampers attempts to use morphology-based phylogenetic analyses in order to explore the early diversification of the ophiuroid modern clades between the latest Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic. Here, a new ophiu...
The end-Permian mass extinction is the largest global-scale event ever recorded; it also corresponds to the expansion of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna, which will lead to present-day ecosystems. The Early Triassic is thus a pivotal interval in the evolution of many marine groups. An exceptionally well-preserved early Spathian fossil assemblage, the...
The biogeography of Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) brachiopods in western Tethys is investigated using complementary multivariate tools including Metric and Nonmetric ordination, additive cluster, and Bootstrapped Spanning Network analyses, as well as one-way Analysis of Similarity and Similarity Percentage analysis. All analyses were conducted usi...
• In the context of climate changes, factors that determine the distribution patterns of European species of the ubiquitous ant genus Tetramorium were investigated.
• The study took place along a steep North‐South climatic gradient across the boundary between the European Continental and Mediterranean biogeographical regions spanning 460 km along t...
Although fire is considered an important factor in global vegetation evolution and climate change, few high-resolution Miocene fire records have been obtained worldwide. Here, two independent micro-charcoal–based fire records from the northern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed; both show similar trends in micro-charcoal concentrations through time, wit...
Early Pleistocene (Calabrian) clays of the Lindos Bay Formation have been uplifted and are exposed today on the eastern coast of Rhodes (Hellenic forearc, Greece). The hemipelagic origin of these sediments and the excellent preservation of the microfossils they contain, make the Lindos Bay Formation a unique element in the eastern Mediterranean, wh...
The rise of calcareous nannoplankton in Mesozoic oceans has deeply impacted ocean chemistry and contributed to shape modern oceans. Nevertheless, the calcareous nannoplankton colonization of past marine environments remains poorly understood. Based on an extensive compilation of published and unpublished data, we show that their accumulation rates...
R function and help notes for Per-SIMPER analysis.
Local and regional species assemblages can be viewed as a combination of strictly de-
terministic processes resulting from primary principles of ecosystem functioning (energy and
space availability, interactions among individuals and populations through mutualism and/or
competition, etc.) and a purely stochastic ecological drift resulting from rand...
We present the first quantitative palaeobiogeographical analysis in terms of distribution and abundance of Early Triassic ammonoids from the western USA basin during the Smithian, c. 1 myr after the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction. The faunal dataset consists of a taxonomically homogenized compilation of spatial and temporal occurrences a...
We describe an Olenekian (Early Triassic) “fossil squid” belonging to the oldest complex Mesozoic marine biota collected in the Lower Shale unit of the Lower Triassic Thaynes Group in Idaho, USA. The studied specimen shows a tapered structure embedded in a cylindrical soft body. Morphological, ultrastructural and geochemical features of the specime...
The Texas coastline stretches 595 km across almost 4° of latitude and is home to diverse coastal vegetation assemblages, yet only a handful of studies have documented the climate and vegetative change of this region through the Holocene. We provide a detailed palynological record of Holocene climate for coastal Texas, based upon three subaqueous se...
Recurrent microbialite proliferations during the Early Triassic are usually explained by ecological relaxation and abnormal oceanic conditions. Most Early Triassic microbialites are described as single or multiple lithological units without detailed ecological information about lateral and coeval fossiliferous deposits. Exposed rocks along Workman...
Here we evaluate the changes in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and intraspecies morphometric variability in dominant Black Sea species during MIS 5−1 in sediment recovered from DSDP Site 380. Twenty-three taxa represent the majority of the 16,000 cysts tabulated. Qualitative assessment of assemblage composition indicates that the taxa are distribu...