Gil Won Kim

Gyeongsang National University | GNU · Division of Applied Life Science

Shifts in the timing, intensity and/or frequency of climate extremes, such as severe drought and heatwaves, can generate sustained shifts in ecosystem function with important ecological and economic impacts for rangelands and managed pastures. The Pastures and Climate Extremes experiment (PACE) in Southeast Australia was designed to investigate the...

Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have been considered as two of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs) from agricultural land. CH4 is normally emitted from water-logged paddy fields, while N2O is emitted from aerobic upland soils. Both of these arable lands are thought to be major GHG emission sites; however, the type of land that is responsible fo...

Plastic film mulching (FM) became a general practice to enhance crop productivity and its net primary production (NPP), but it can increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proper addition of organic amendments might effectively decrease the impact of FM on global warming. To evaluate the feasibility of biomass addition on decreasing this negati...

In rice paddy, the closed chamber method is broadly used to estimate methane (CH 4 ) emission rate. Since rice plants can significantly affect CH 4 production, oxidation and emission, rice plantation inside the chamber is standardized in IPCC guidelines. Methane emission rate is calculated using the increased concentration inside the headspace. Bio...

The host plant and its rhizosphere microbiome are similarly exposed to abiotic stresses under arsenic (As)-enriched cropping systems. Since silicon (Si) fertilization is effective in alleviating As-induced stresses in plants, and plant-microbe interactions are tightly coupled, we hypothesized that Si-fertilization would improve soil microbial funct...

Rice is the main staple food for more than half of the world's population. Yet, rice cultivation is subjected to criticism because of its important role in methane (CH4) emissions. Although several agronomic practices such as controlled irrigation and conservation tillage have been widely adopted to mitigate CH4 emissions from rice cultivation, the...

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the most effective practices to increase productivity, and has therefore had a fast global increase. Consequently, the effects of the application of N fertilizer on emissions of N2O have been widely studied, but the effect of rice planting on N2O emission was not adequately quantified. To evaluate the effect of...

Background: The host plant and its rhizosphere microbiome are similarly exposed to abiotic stresses under arsenic (As)-enriched cropping systems. Since silicon (Si) fertilization is effective in alleviating As-induced stresses in plants, and plant-microbe interactions are tightly coupled, we hypothesized that Si-fertilization would improve soil mic...

Nutrient losses due to leaching from agricultural soils can be substantial but, in some cases, soil microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can buffer those losses. An important knowledge gap, however, is the extent to which climate change may affect AM fungal mediation of leaching via warming and drought. To investigate this, we grew lu...

Shifts in the timing and frequency of climate extremes, such as drought and heatwaves, can generate sustained shifts in ecosystem function with important ecological and economic impacts for rangelands and managed pastures. The Pastures and Climate Extremes experiment (PACE) in southeast Australia used a factorial combination of elevated temperature...

A B S T R A C T Rice paddies are one of the largest greenhouse gases (GHGs) facilitators that are predominantly regulated by nitrogen (N) fertilization. Optimization of N uses based on the yield has been tried a long since, however, the improvement of the state-of-the-art technologies and the stiffness of global warming need to readjust N rate. Alb...

Monolayer barriers, which are usually known as evapotranspiration (ET) covers, have long been used as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills. Coal bottom ash was evaluated as a good alternative to soil in landfill ET cover systems to increase the bottom ash (BA) recycling ratio in the past. In a previous study, applying BA promoted plan...

The effective utilization of slag fertilizer in agriculture to neutralize soil acidity, improve crop productivity, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and stabilize heavy metals in contaminated soils turns it into a high value added product in sustainable agriculture. These effects could be due to the shift in microbial metabolism and/or modificatio...

The effective utilization of slag fertilizer in agriculture to neutralize soil acidity, improve crop productivity, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and stabilize heavy metals in contaminated soils turns it into a high value added product in sustainable agriculture. These effects could be due to the shift in microbial metabolism and/or modificatio...

Excessive application of N fertilizer to rice results in water and atmospheric pollution including greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions. Therefore, N fertilizer management needs to be optimized taking into account grain yield, global warming potential (GWP, Mg CO 2 eq. ha ⁻¹ )and GHG intensity (GHGI, kg CO 2 eq. kg ⁻¹ grain). However, the tradeoffs betwee...

In temperate mono-rice paddy fields, rice is cultivated for 100–140 days under submerged conditions during the summer period, and thereafter, the field remains under dry conditions during the winter and spring seasons. However, the early developed nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission factor (EF) was only based on seasonal (rice cropping period) N 2 O flu...

Agricultural liming materials are broadly utilized in the world to ameliorate soil acidity. Crushed limestone (CaCO3) and dolomite (MgCO3·CaCO3) are most common liming materials. The CO2 emission coefficient was proposed as 0.12 Mg C per Mg for CaCO3 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which indicates that 100% of C in CaCO3 is...

Manure application showed contrasting effects on soil quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in particular methane (CH4) emissions in a rice cropping system. Therefore, to mitigate CH4 emissions, stabilized manure like compost is recommended without considering the additional GHG emissions during the industrial processes and soil organic carbo...

Soil heterotrophic respiration (SHR) increases exponentially with temperature and this general information has been incorporated into soil carbon models. However, the positive feedback of warming to SHR remains uncertain, mostly due to the differential response of soil microbial community to warming under dry and flooded conditions in a rice mono-c...

Urea [(NH2)2CO] is synthesized by combining ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The consumption of atmospheric CO2 for urea production was considered carbon (C) removal by the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector. Based on this evaluation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change proposed a default value (0.2 kg C per kg urea) for t...

Livestock manure application can stimulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially methane (CH4) in rice paddy. The stabilized organic matter (OM) is recommended to suppress CH4 emission without counting the additional GHG emission during the composting process. To evaluate the effect of compost utilization on the net global warming potential (G...

In temperate rice paddy fields, mono-rice is cultivated under flooding for < 120 days during summer, and thereafter, soil is maintained under the dried upland condition during the cold fallow season. In this region, rice is generally only cultivated by chemical fertilization without organic amendment. Furthermore, almost all rice straw is removed a...

Urea [(NH2)2CO] is synthesized by combining ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The consumption of atmospheric CO2 for urea production was considered carbon (C) removal by the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector. Based on this evaluation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change proposed a default value (0.2 kg C per kg urea) for t...

Assessment of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factor (EF) for N2O emission inventory from arable crops fertilized with different nitrogen sources are under increased scrutiny because of discrepancies between the default IPCC EFs and low EFs reported by many researchers. Mixing ratio of leguminous and non-leguminous cover crop residues incorporation an...

Since nitrogen (N) fertilization is the most efficient practice for increasing rice production, N fertilizer consumptions have continued to increase globally. Therefore, the effects of N fertilization on CH4 emission characteristics have been extensively studied. However, no consistent conclusions to N fertilization on CH4 cycles have been drawn so...

Fertilization with urea can lead to a loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) that was fixed during the industrial production process. The extent of atmospheric CO2 removal from urea manufacturing was estimated by the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector (IPPU sector). On its basis, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has proposed a va...

The landfilling of municipal solid waste is a significant source of atmospheric methane (CH4), contributing up to 20% of total anthropogenic CH4 emissions. The evapotranspiration (ET) cover system, an alternative final cover system in waste landfills, has been considered to be a promising way to mitigate CH4 emissions, as well as to prevent water i...

The aerenchymal transport of oxygen to rice roots has significantly influenced the anaerobic root zone of flooded paddy soils. Therefore, the visualization of redox dynamics may be useful to characterize rice root oxidation potentials and the dynamics of redox-influenced ions in the root zone of paddy soils. In order to investigate the interaction...

One of the most important characteristics of a rice cultivar controlling methane (CH4) production can be the root oxidation potential because a cultivar with a high oxygen (O-2)-releasing capacity can create an oxidized root area in the rhizosphere and this can oxidize CH4 during rice cultivation. The root oxidation potential of six Korean rice cul...

Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is the standard treatment of primary intracranial tumour with risk of leptomeningeal dissemination. However, supine setup field-in-field technique does not need inter-fractional junction shift. Recently, the studies of CSI with tomotherapy showed excellent target coverage and tolerable normal organ dose in paediatric...