Gianna Reginato

• Chemistry
• Senior Researcher at Italian National Research Council

The integration of photovoltaic technologies within agricultural settings, also known as agrivoltaics, is attracting increasing attention as a sustainable approach to ensure both clean energy and food supply. The success of this strategy relies on the development of innovative materials that can selectively convert specific wavelengths into energy...

Among the emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) appear especially interesting in view of their potential for unconventional PV applications. In particular, DSSCs have been proven to provide excellent performances under indoor illumination, opening the way to their use in the field of low-power devices, such as...

Two novel organic sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), called TP1 and TP2, based on the electron-poor thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TPz) π-bridge and the electron-rich N,N-bis(4-(hexylthio)phenyl)aniline (TPA) were designed following two different approaches: the classical D-A-π-A design and a symmetric structure with double anchoring functi...

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are a class of optical devices able to harvest, downshift, and concentrate sunlight, thanks to the presence of emitting materials embedded in a polymer matrix. Use of LSCs in combination with silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) devices has been proposed as a viable strategy to enhance their ability to harvest diff...

A straightforward synthetic protocol featuring direct C–H arylations as key steps has been optimized to prepare two benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole (BTD)-based organic fluorophores. Their light absorption and emission properties, as well as their affinity with poly(methyl methacrylate) as the chosen polymer matrix, were found to be suitable for application...

Abstract During the last decade, perovskite solar technologies underwent an impressive development, with power conversion efficiencies reaching 25.5% for single junction devices, and 29.8% for Silicon‐Perovskite tandem configurations. Even though research mainly focused on improving the efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics (PV), stability and sca...

Recently, great research efforts have been devoted to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) leading to sunlight-to-power conversion efficiencies above 25%. However, several barriers still hinder the full deployment of these devices....

Hole transport materials (HTMs) based on conductive organic molecules are crucial components to prepare highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To overcome the limitations arising from the use of the most common Spiro-OMeTAD, hindering large-scale PSCs production, alternative HTMs are highly desirable. Therefore, several fully organic molec...

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are devices designed to efficiently collect both direct and diffuse solar radiation and concentrate it on photovoltaic cells to foster their use in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The optimization of LSC performances involves the adjustment of both the fluorophore and the guest polymer matrix. On thi...

Organic fluorophores have found broad application as emitters in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) for silicon photovoltaics. In particular, the preparation of organic conjugated systems with intense light-harvesting ability, emissions in the deep-red and NIR regions, and large Stokes shift values represent a very challenging undertaking. Here...

In light of the ever-growing demand of modern electronics for wearable integrated optoelectronic devices, Fiber-shaped Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (FDSSCs) have gained increasing interest over the last years as suitable energy production systems for the development of the next generation of smart products. To fulfill the wearable concept, it is impo...

Dendritic‐like hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells have been prepared by functionalization of a clickable pillar[5]arene core with triarylamine dendrons. Importantly, the apparent structural complexity of the resulting compounds is not associated to a difficult synthesis which is a major advantage for applications in the field of...

“The preparation of novel hole transporting materials able to compete with the reference spiro‐OMeTAD, has been a hot topic in photovoltaics in the last years. In the present paper, we have proposed a new design principle for the preparation of hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Our approach relies on the functionalization of a...

Multi‐branched molecules have recently demonstrated interesting behaviour as charge‐transporting materials within the fields of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). For this reason, extended triarylamine dendrons have been grafted onto a pillar[5]arene core to generate dendrimer‐like compounds, which have been used as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) f...

Organic Near‐Infrared luminophores have found broad application as functional materials, but the development of efficient NIR emitters is still a challenging goal. Here we report on a new class of thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine‐based NIR emitting materials with Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) properties. The dyes feature a donor–acceptor–donor (D−A−D) st...

Three new fluorophores (BBT2-4) with a D-A-D structure characterised by the common benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisthiazole (BBT) as acceptor core (A) and different donor groups (D) were designed and synthesised for use in thin-film luminescent solar concentrators (LSC). The optical and spectroscopic properties of the new dyes were analysed both in solution...

In this paper, we present the design and synthesis of three organic dyes specially developed for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells for application on greenhouses cladding. The dyes (BTD-DTP1-3) are based on a benzothiadiazole (BTD)-dithienopyrrole (DTP) scaffold, and were assembled by using direct arylation reactions, allowing to reduce...

A series of catechol-based sensitizers, Cat-I to Cat-XV, for a possible application in type II DSSCs is presented. The electronic structures and excited state properties of free and bound to (TiO2)9 dyes have been analysed and compared by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. In particular, the effect of i...

Photocatalytic hydrogen production has recently emerged as a promising process for the long-term storage of solar energy. In this work, we studied the application to H2 generation of a series of heterogeneous photocatalysts obtained by sensitizing Pt/TiO2 nanoparticles with ten different D-π-A organic dyes containing the benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole...

A new series of symmetrical organic dyes containing an indigo central core decorated with different electron donor groups have been prepared, starting from Tyrian Purple and using the Pd-catalyzed Stille-Migita coupling process. The effect of substituents on the spectroscopic properties of the dyes has been investigated theoretically and experiment...

The prediction of ground-state redox potentials by quantum chemical methods has a prominent role in the rational design of novel organic photosensitizers both for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and photocatalytic systems for the production of H2. Indeed, the ground-state redox potential of the photosensitizers is one of the key parameters to id...

New generation photovoltaic devices have attracted much attention in the last decades since they can be efficiently manufactured employing abundant raw materials and with less-energy intensive processes. In this context, the use of powerful environmental assessment is pivotal to support the fine-tuning of solar cells fabrication and hit the target...

Organic photosensitizers especially designed for producing semitransparent dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for greenhouse integration were prepared by introduction of different heterocyclic moieties into the thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole- molecular scaffold. The aim was that of improving their light absorption capability in the green part of the visib...

A new solution in the field of photovoltaic technologies is represented by perovskite solar cells (indicated with the initials PSC) showing a rapid growth in power conversion efficiencies (PCE). 1 Hole Transporting Materials play essential roles in improving the device performances; their main task is to capture the hole formed in the perovskite la...

Conversion of sunlight into chemical energy has been the subject of intense research efforts in recent years, due to the possibility to store the enormous amount of energy continuously provided by the Sun in the form of useful “solar fuels”. To allow such process, suitable photocatalysts are required, which are usually obtained by combination of di...

Fiber-shaped Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSFs) represent one of the most interesting technologies aimed at the light harvesting and the production of electricity for wearable applications. In order to boost DSSFs commercialization, their production costs and environmental impact must be reduced. To this end, a suitable strategy could be to build t...

Dye-sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen generation is emerging as a promising process to produce fuels using a clean and abundant energy source such as sunlight. In the first part of this work, three organic dyes featuring a dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole heterocyclic unit (OB1-3), bearing different substituents on various parts of the molecular scaf...

Cross-coupling reactions have played a key role in producing numerous types of π-conjugated small molecules having appealing properties for practical applications in organic electronics, especially in the field of photovoltaics. The main advantages of such synthetic methodology are the compatibility with many types of functional groups and the flex...

The design, synthesis, and characterization of a new class of blue-colored thiophene-substituted Pechmann dyes are reported. Due to a distinguishing blue coloration and the capability to absorb light in one of the most photon-dense regions of the solar spectrum, such compounds are of great interest for application as photoactive materials in organi...

In this work, we present for the first time the synthesis and characterization of potential DSSC organic sensitizers whose cyanoacrylic acceptor/anchoring group was modified by replacement of oxygen with one or more sulfur atoms. Using known carboxylic acid dye DF15 as a reference, their TD‐DFT computational analysis indicated that oxygen‐sulfur su...

The ethynylglycine synthon {(R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-ethynyl-oxazolidine} is a chiral compound with valuable synthetic interest. An update (covering literature from 2005 to 2017) on the different synthetic utilities is reviewed and discussed.

In this study, we report on the synthesis of new organic fluorophores containing either the benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisthiazole or the dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole heterocyclic unit, and on their application for the fabrication of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films. In solution, the new compounds...

The preparation and spectroscopic characterization of some symmetrical small molecules containing the disubstituted (E)-3,3′-bifuranylidene-2,2′-dione chromophore (the so-called Pechmann lactone) and featuring an extended conjugation are reported. The synthetic approach of such compounds is based on the Stille–Migita coupling reaction, which is car...

D-π-A dyes have received a special attention in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this kind of molecules, the acceptor group (A) generally acts as an anchor, enabling the adsorption of the dye onto the metal oxide substrate (TiO2) and providing a good electron injection. The search for new anchors represents a critical factor for...

Donor-acceptor dyes are a well-established class of photosensitizers, used to enhance visible light harvesting in solar cells and in direct photocatalytic reactions, such as H2 production by photoreforming of sacrificial electron donors (SEDs). Amines - typically triethanolamine (TEOA) - are commonly employed as SEDs in such reactions. Dye-sensitiz...

The cross-coupling reaction of organic electrophiles with organostannanes, traditionally known as the Stille reaction, has found renewed interest in the preparation of new organic materials such as conjugated polymers, organic semiconductors and photoactive molecules for use in organic photovoltaics. Moreover, a very recent field in which the Still...

A series of organic D-π-A dyes, endowed with different silicon-based anchoring groups, has been prepared to assess the stability of such anchoring moieties on nanocrystalline TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cells. Due to the difficulties encountered in finding a reliable and robust preparation protocol to obtain pure trialkoxysilanes, replacement with...

In this article, we present studies concerning the efficiency enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) containing cocktails of organic donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) dyes (L0 and L1) and a squaraine sensitizer (SQ2) by means of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect induced by gold nanorods (GNRs) embedded within the semiconductor...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted significant interest in the last few years as effective low-cost devices for solar energy conversion. We have analyzed the excited state dynamics of several organic dyes bearing both cyanoacrylic acid and siloxane anchoring groups. The spectroscopic properties of the dyes have been studied both in s...

A synthetic sequence for the preparation of fully conjugated, 2,7-disubstituted fluorazone (9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-9-one) derivatives was developed, comprising Elming-Clauson-Kaas type pyrrole formation, POCl3-mediated ring closure, selective halogenation and elongation of the conjugate backbone via cross-coupling reactions. As a proof of principle...

Partially hydrogenated pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives, such as praziquantel, have been the subject of significant research efforts in the field of medicinal chemistry, thanks to their antihelmintic, antiprotozoal, and antifungal activities. Nevertheless, methods for their efficient synthesis (and especially for their stereoselective prepar...

For DSCs some stringent requirements are needed such as transparency in the 500-600-nm. Moreover they need the use of a co-sensitizing NIR dye to improve absorbance in visible region. The use of gold nanorods with appropriate aspect ratio can rise the organic dye adsorption. Here a nanostructured material, made of a core of gold nanorods incapsulat...

Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles (TzTzs) are fused bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds characterized by a rigid planar backbone and an extended -conjugated electronic structure. Although they have been known for many decades, interest in their properties and applications has begun to increase only recently, after their incorporation into a series of active m...

Two new organic dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) sensitizers bearing regioisomeric carboxyl-N-methylpyridinium moieties were prepared and fully characterized. Based on TD-DFT calculations, they were anticipated to show a significantly red-shifted absorption spectrum compared to normal carboxypyridines and other regioisomeric pyridinium salts. Altho...

Several attempts were performed to use efficient organic dyes for DSSCs as building integrated (BIPV) windows, that could substitute the more toxic Ru complexes. For this particular application transparency in the 500nm – 600nm is a stringent demand that in most cases implied the use a co-sensitizing NIR dye in addition to a dye sensitizer in the v...

A small set of thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-based D-π-A organic dyes, endowed with bis-pentylpropylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) moieties in the π-spacer, was designed with the aid of computational analysis, synthesized and characterized. The presence of bulky and electronrich ProDOT groups beside the electronpoor thiazolothiazole unit induced optimal phys...

Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles are fused bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds characterized by a rigid planar backbone and an extended π-conjugated electronic structure. Although they have been known for many decades, interest in their properties and applications has increased only recently, following their incorporation into a series of active materials us...

The preparation of 3-substituted tetrahydropyrazinoisoquinolines using the tributyltin hydride mediated intramolecular radical cyclization of suitably protected 2-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrazines is reported. The compounds are obtained as single enantiomers, as the relative configuration of the new generated stereogenic center is driven by the ster...

The ethynylglycine synthon {(R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-ethynyloxazolidine} is a chiral compound with valuable synthetic interest. An update on the different routes for its synthesis is reviewed and discussed.

Three new thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-based organic dyes have been designed and synthesized for employment as DSSC sensitizers. Alternation of the electronpoor thiazolothiazole unit with two propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) groups ensured very intense light absorption in the visible region (ε up to 9.41×104 M−1 cm−1 in THF solution). The dyes resulted...

A microwave-assisted preparation of symmetrical thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles from the corresponding aldehydes is presented. The two-step reaction sequence comprises the condensation of aldehydes with dithiooxamide followed by oxidation/aromatization with 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives. The new procedure provides the desired products in good yields and in...

Three novel organic dyes (DF13A-C) carrying regioisomeric carboxypyridine anchoring groups were synthesized by means of a multistep synthetic sequence involving a Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling as the key step. The new compounds underwent full spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational characterization, and their properties were compared with...

The ability of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) to provide excited state geometries and reproduce emission energies of organic D-p-A dyes designed for DSSC applications is evaluated. The performance of six functionals (CAM-B3LYP, MPW1K, omega B97X-D, LC-BLYP, LC-omega PBE, and M06-HF) in combination with three basis sets (cc-pVDZ,...

Many pharmaceutical agents contain piperazines or oxopiperazines as part of their core structures. The presence of substituents on these heterocycles has a significant influence on the biological activity, thus the search for efficient routes to control the substitution at different ring positions is of crucial and particular significance, especial...

A D-π-A organic dye carrying a pyridine-N-oxide 2-carboxylic acid anchoring group (BC1) was synthesized together with two analogs lacking the N-oxide (BC2) or the carboxylic acid moiety (BC3). The distribution and energy of their molecular orbitals was determined, and modelling of their spectroscopic properties was performed through a TD-DFT comput...

This chapter provides an overview of the most recent advances in the preparation of polar organometallic compounds (containing alkali metals, magnesium, and zinc), characterized by little if no stabilization, and their reactivity with alkylating agents. After a general introduction on the direct alkylation of alkyl and alkenyl polar organometallics...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received considerable attention in the last decade because of their good efficiency coupled with low cost of production. To increase the performances of such devices it is important to develop effective organic photosensitizers with optimal chemical structures and, to this end, compouds featuring DepeA archite...

TThiazole-based dyes proved to be efficient organic sensitizer in thin dye-sensitized solar cells. Gold nanoparticles were used for enhancing cell efficiency, transparency and simple fabrication conditions to building integrated photovoltaic cells

Four new D-π-A organic dyes incorporating either a thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole bicyclic system (TTZ1–2) or a benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisthiazole tricyclic unit (BBZ1–2) have been synthesized and fully characterized. The key steps of the synthesis include an efficient MW-assisted preparation of the thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole core and selective functionalization...

In this article, a brief review of the recent functionalizations of the cage-like water-soluble phosphine 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), involving N-quaternization (lower rim) and introduction of a side arm in C-6 position (upper rim) will be presented, highlighting selected examples in their use as ligands for ruthenium(II), iridium(I), a...

An unusual thiazolo[5,4-d ]thiazole sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells, Tetrahedron Letters (2013), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.059 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will u...

Asymmetric organocatalytic annulation of E/Z isomeric mixtures of bis(alkyl carboxylate)buta-1,3-dienes and aldehydes has been realized via enamine catalysis. In the presence of α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol trimethylsilyl ether, excellent stereo- and enantioselectivities were achieved for a broad spectrum of substrates.

The Simmon–Smith cyclopropanation of enantiomerically enriched dehydropiperazines is reported. The reaction is highly stereoselective and allowed us to prepare new, enantiomerically enriched 3-substituted 2,5-diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane cores with high diastereomeric purity and a relative anti-configuration, which was assigned by NMR analysis.

a b s t r a c t Four novel gem-silanediol-containing organic dyes featuring a highly conjugated backbone have been synthesized in order to investigate their potential as active materials for photovoltaics. After spectro-scopic characterization, the compounds showing the best light harvesting and electrochemical proper-ties were applied as sensitize...

The polytopic ligand thiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2L) has been synthesised on a large scale starting from the naturally occurring amino acid L-cysteine. The (R,R)/(S,R)diastereomeric mixture has been separated into its constituents through selective precipitation of the pure (R,R) isomer from concentrated H2O/MeOH solutions. The enantiomeri...

The reaction of 1-(phenyl)-1-(p-nitrophenyl)-2-propyn-1-ol with the Re(I) precursor [(triphos)(CO)(2)Re(OTf)] in dichloromethane at 0 degrees C afforded the cationic allenylidene complex [(triphos)(CO)(2)ReC=C=C(C6H5)(p-C6H4NO2)](+) (3) as a dark burgundy red triflate salt after solvent evaporation. The reaction of 3 with 1.2 equiv of the phosphine...

The first imidazolyl "upper-rim" derivatives of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phoshaadamantane (PTA), namely, 1-methylimidazolyl-(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]dec-6- yl)methanol (2, PTA-CH(1-Melm)OH) and bis(1-methylimidazolyl)(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]de c-6-yl)methanol (3, PTA-C(1-MeIm)(2)OH), were synthesized in fair yields by...

An efficient synthesis of various protected syn-β-sulfenyl amides is described. These are prepared from the corresponding enantiopure amino allylsilanes which are in turn obtained from naturally occurring amino acids. The key step for introduction of the sulfur substituent is a diastereoselective electrophilic sulfodesilylation which is carried out...

A mild and selective procedure for the synthesis of 4-carboxy thiazoles and thiazolidines starting from naturally occurring cysteine by condensation with aldehydes is described. The optimized procedure, taking advantage of the positive effect of microwave irradiation on the MnO(2)-mediated oxidation step, is suitable for multigram scale. Coordinati...

Reaction of (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-6-yl)lithium (1; PTA-Li), synthesized in high yield and purity, with p-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde gave the novel water-soluble beta-phosphino alcohol (4'-(dimethylamino)phenyl) (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1]dec-6-yl)methanol (2; PZA-NMe(2)). The oxide O=PZA-NMe(2) (3) and sulfide S=PZA-NMe(2)...

The hydrothermal (solvothermal) reactions of ZnII, CoII, and CuII salts with the thiazole-based ligands 2-Htzc (thiazole-2-carboxylic acid), 4-Htzc (thiazole-4-carboxylic acid), and Htzc-py [2-(2-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid] led to the formation of coordination complexes with assorted geometry at the metal centers. The new complexes were cha...

The chiral endocyclic enecarbamate 14 has been obtained by deprotonation-elimination from the N-Boc pyrrolidine 5 (or its racemic counterpart from 15). Efficiently stereocontrolled epoxidation-methanolysis of 14 afforded α-alkoxy carbamates, which undergo completely stereoselective nucleophilic substitutions to give trisubstituted dihydroxypyrrolid...

The synthesis of new 4-carboxy oxazoles, thiazoles and thiazolidines by condensation of serine or cysteine with aldehydes or acids is described. Due to the optimization of a mild and selective procedure, which takes advantage of the positive effect of microwave irradiation on the MnO(2) mediated oxidation step, the 2-substituted-4-carboxy derivativ...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Density functional and local MP2 calculations have been performed to study the electronic structure of the rhenium(I) allenylidene [(triphos)(CO)(2)Re(=C=C=CRR')(+) species [triphos = MeC(CH2PPh2)(3); R, R' = aryl group] and its reactivity toward tertiary phosphines. The calculated electronic structure shows a relatively electron-rich nature of the...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Silyl- and stannylcupration of alkynes bearing N- or S-based functional groups takes place in a regio- and stereoselective fashion and the resulting vinyl metal species are easily quenched with a wide range of electrophiles, thereby resulting in a flexible and general route to polysubstituted silylated or stannylated olefins. For the replacement of...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.