Gianluca Plotino

Objective: To evaluate the degree of pulp tissue dissolution using a novel irrigant, Dual Rinse HEDP, at different temperatures. Methods: Fifty standardized pulp tissue samples (1×1×1 mm) were divided into five groups (n=10): Group A, 0.1 mL of NaOCl (5.25%) at 36.8°C (body temperature); Group B, 0.1 mL of NaOCl (5.25%) at 80°C; Group C: 0.1 mL of...

This chapter reports on the possible complications that can be related to the procedures for filling the root canal system. It begins with a brief introduction and a description of the most common filling materials used in Endodontics, their characteristics and their history. The different obturation techniques used to fill the root canals in three...

Objectives To compare the mechanical performance of partially replaced (repaired) intra-coronal restorations to totally replaced ones in root canal-treated teeth. Methods Thirty maxillary second premolars were selected according to strict criteria, mounted on moulds, and had mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities prepared. Resin composite restorative...

A range of procedural errors can occur when performing endodontic treatment on posterior teeth. These errors may decrease the success rate in endodontic practice. This study assessed the prevalence of procedural errors and the quality of endodontic treatments in maxillary molars and premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT scans f...

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the smear layer and debris removal and antimicrobial activity of two dual-action irrigating solutions for continuous chelation (Triton; Brasseler, Savannah, USA and Dual Rinse HEDP; Medcem GmbH, Weinfelden, Switzerland) with a dual step irrigation protocol with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) fo...

The introduction of nickel-titanium (NiTi) mechanical instruments dramatically changed clinical endodontics over the last few decades. Before NiTi, it was necessary to use more instruments to create an ideal root canal shape, and many approaches, sequences and techniques were developed over the years. Recently, NiTi endodontic instruments have unde...

Background The ESE previously published quality guidelines for endodontic treatment in 2006; however, there have been significant changes since not only in clinical endodontics but also in consensus and guideline development processes. In the development of the inaugural S3‐level clinical practice guidelines (CPG), a comprehensive systematic and me...

This scoping review aimed to synthesize and explore the current boundaries and limitations of laboratory research on the effectiveness of continuous chelation irrigation protocol in endodontics. This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews...

This paper investigates the influence of cavity configuration and post-endodontic restoration on the fracture resistance, failure mode and stress distribution of premolars by using a method of fracture failure test and finite elements analysis (FEA) coupled to Weibull analysis (WA). One hundred premolars were divided into one control group (Gcontr)...

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) performances of two resin-based calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) (TheraCal PT and TheraCal LC), Biodentine, and two modified-MTA CSC materials (NeoMTA 2 and BioMTA+) to bulk-fill restorative material. Materials and Methods: Fifty 3D printed cylindrical resin blocks wi...

November 2019Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia 33(2):14-24 DOI: 10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.01

Objective: To assess the effect of sodium hypochlorite combined with a novel chelating agent, DualRinse HEDP, with or without high-power sonic activation on debris and smear layer removal. Methods: Seventy-five mandibular premolars were divided into five groups (n=15), accordingly to the different irrigation protocol used: Group 1 (G1), DualRinse H...

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of a glide-path on the shaping ability of 2 single-file instruments and to compare the centering ability, maintenance of original canal curvatures and area of instrumentation in simulated S-shaped root canals. Materials and methods: Forty simulated S-shaped root canals were used and were prepared...

This study aimed to compare in vitro micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of three different endodontic tricalcium silicate-based materials in contact with a bulk-fill resin-based composite. Thirty cylindrical resin blocks with a hole in the centre (2 mm in depth and 4 mm in diameter) were manufactured with a 3D printer and divided into three groups (n...

Background: Intentional replantation (IR) to treat disease of endodontic origin remains controversial. While IR has been advocated by some clinicians as another valid treatment option, others consider it as a treatment procedure of last resort. Objective: To systematically review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of IR compared with non-...

Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation procedures are important treatment options that clinicians may consider performing in their day‐to‐day clinical practice. Despite compromised teeth are generally considered for extraction, clinicians must be aware that these cases could be suitable for management by these al...

This chapter provides clinicians with a growing body of evidence about the detection of canal orifices, negotiation, and management of calcified and curved canals, from simple to extremely difficult cases. The initial steps of contemporary root canal treatment after anaesthesia and isolation include an access phase and a root canal preparation phas...

Introduction This study assessed the prevalence of radix entomolaris and two canals at the distal aspect of mandibular first molars amongst different geographic regions by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Pre-calibrated observers from 23 worldwide geographic locations followed a standardized screening protocol to assess 5,750...

Intentional replantation, a type of autotransplantation, is an endodontic procedure that involves intentional extraction of the tooth to be treated followed by its extraoral manipulation and replantation at its original site. This surgical procedure represents an alternative to apical microsurgery, but it is also useful for managing teeth that may...

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases in the world, and global incidence rates are increasing. The early detection of dental lesions enables a conservative approach to be employed and represents a priority in modern dentistry. Recent studies have suggested that conventional diagnostic methods, such as visual tactile inspection and X-ray...

This study describes 6 cases of endodontic overfilling with successful clinical outcomes during long-term (up to 35 years) radiographic follow-up. Successful endodontic treatment depends on proper shaping, disinfection, and obturation of root canals. Filling materials should completely fill the root canal space without exceeding the anatomical apex...

Abstract Introduction The presence of multiple root canals is an important morphological aspect of mandibular premolars. This study aimed to perform a worldwide analysis on the prevalence of a lingual canal in mandibular premolars and evaluate its influence on patients’ demographics of 23 countries using CBCT images. Methods Observers from 23 co...

INTRODUCTION A comparison between root canal transportation studies is nearly impossible due to non-standardized transportation evaluation methods. The aim of the present review was to search, compare, and critically discuss transportation evaluation methods. METHODS A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and reference lists o...

This European Society of Endodontology (ESE) position statement on surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation represents the consensus of an expert committee, convened by the ESE. A narrative review in the International Endodontic Journal (Plotino et al. 2020, international Endodontic Journal, 53, 1636–52) formed the...

Objectives: The present study aimed in assessing the coronal defects after access cavity finishing and refinement by micro. Methods: Access cavities on thirty molars were prepared using a diamond bur. To finish and refine the access cavity, the Endo-Z was used in group 1 (n=15) and Start X 1 in group 2. Preparation time was recorded. A micro-CT...

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a stepwise intraoperative activation (SIA) of irrigants during and after the instrumentation compared with that of a conventional activation (CA) performed only after the instrumentation to remove smear layer and debris using different activation devices.Materials and methodsA total of 70 single-rooted teeth w...

Recently the endodontic specialty experienced multiple technological advancements. These advancements enabled the application of minimal invasive dentistry concepts in clinical endodontics. The geometrically predesigned shapes of access cavity designs were the first to be affected by this minimalistic invasion. Traditional access cavity designs wer...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of rotation speed on the instrumentation time of root canals with different curvatures using Mtwo NiTi rotary instruments. Methods and materials: Forty root canals were selected and divided into 2 groups, according to the angle of curvature (group A>30°, group B<30°). Both groups were...

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of large apical preparations with Reciproc (REC), Hyflex CM (HCM) and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) systems using micro‐computed tomography (MCT). Ninety mesiobuccal (MB) and distobuccal (DB) root canals of maxillary molars (n = 45) were scanned using MCT before and after the shaping procedures. The root can...

The cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, and angular deflection of a new Fire-Wire rotary file (CricENDO) were compared. A total of 20 files of each type were tested. Cyclic fatigue testing was performed for each group (n = 10) by measuring the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) in an artificial stainless-steel canal (60° angle of curvature, with...

Despite the passionate way that some defend that conventional canal mechanical instrumentation decreases the resistance of teeth to fracture, the current literature is composed by a limited amount of laboratory studies, which means low-quality evidence to shape and guide the clinical decision-making process. Therefore, the idea of providing optimum...

Surgical extrusion is defined as the procedure in which the remaining tooth structure is repositioned at a more coronal/supra‐gingival position in the same socket in which the tooth was located originally. Intentional replantation is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth and after evaluation of root surfaces, endodontic manipulation and r...

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine and compare the difference in volume of dentin and enamel removed (DER) to prepare three different access cavities and to propose a standardization of the access cavities according to their volume of DER. Methods One hundred and twenty maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars were assigned t...

Objectives: This study aims to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of VDW.ROTATE, TruNatomy, 2Shape, and HyFlex CM nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files at body temperature. Materials and methods: In total, 80 VDW.ROTATE (25/0.04), TruNatomy (26/0.04), 2Shape (25/0.04), and HyFlex CM (25/0.04) NiTi rotary files (n = 20 in each group) were subjec...

Background. This study was conducted to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of VDW.ROTATE,TruNatomy Prime, HyFlex CM, and 2Shape nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in doublecurvedcanals in a simulated clinical environment. Methods. Eighty NiTi files were used for the fatigue testing in stainless steel canals compatible withinstrument sizes...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of three heat-Treated nickel-Titanium (NiTi) systems at simulated body temperature. Materials and Methods: Twelve instruments of similar apical diameter (#25) from three engine-driven NiTi instruments; WaveOne Gold (WOG), Hyflex EDM (HEDM), and M Pro system were teste...

Introduction Negotiation, glide path, and preflaring are essential steps in root canal shaping procedures. This report aimed to discuss the terminology, basic concepts, and clinical considerations of negotiation, glide path, and preflaring procedures and the influence of these steps on root canal shaping. Methods This systematic review was underta...

Background and overview: In this case report, the authors aim to review the standard protocols for endodontic treatment of autotransplanted molars and report on the 5-year follow-up of a clinical transplantation case. Case description: The authors transplanted a mandibular third molar into the position of the adjacent second molar. The authors p...

Pulpal/periapical responses of human teeth that are treated successfully with tricalcium silicate-based materials are extremely difficult to obtain because of the typical unavailability of these teeth for histologic examination. The present case series reports histologic and histobacteriologic findings of 3 human teeth that had undergone pulpotomy,...

Aim: To compare the cutting efficiency of several glide path files: HyFlex EDM Glidepath File (HEGF), One G (OG), R-Pilot (RP) and WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG) at different cutting inclinations. Methodology: Cutting efficiency of 120 new HEGF, OG, RP and WOGG were tested at 90°, 70° and 45° inclination in relation to the sample. Depending on manuf...

Calcium hydroxide apexification and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) apexification are classical treatments for necrotic immature permanent teeth. The first tend to fail for lack of compliance given the high number of sessions needed; the second has technical difficulties such as material manipulation and overfilling. With both techniques, the root...

Aim: To evaluate the centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN) and 2Shape (TS) nickel—titanium (NiTi) instruments in terms of maintaining the original root canal configuration in a simulated tooth with severe curvature. Methodology: Twenty standardized simulated curved root canals were prepared to an apical size of 0.25 mm using PTN and TS (n = 10 c...

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different sonic and ultrasonic devices in the elimination of debris from canal irregularities in artificial root canals. Materials and Methods A resin model of a transparent radicular canal filled with dentin debris was used. Five groups were tested, namely: Group 1 – ultrasonic insert 15.02; Group 2 – ultrason...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that was initiated in 1900; however, it was not until the last decade that PDT regained attention again for its several favourable features during the treatment of microbial infections in Endodontics. Recently, several papers advocated its use for root canal treatment. The concept of photodynamic i...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature, heat-treatment*** and design on the cyclic fatigue resistance of OneShape (OS), OneShape new generation (OSNG) and One Curve (OC) NiTi rotary single-file instruments. Cyclic fatigue testing of NiTi instruments was performed in an artificial canal with a 5-mm radiu...

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate dentinal microcrack formation during root canal treatment using Mtwo NiTi rotary instruments and MicroSeal filling technique. Materials and Methods Forty-five single-rooted teeth were selected for the present study and divided into 3 different groups ( n = 15): Group 1, in which root canals were...

Introduction: Maxillary first molar second mesiobuccal (MB2) root canal prevalence may change among different populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the worldwide prevalence of the MB2 root canal and understand its possible relation with sex, age, side, and root configuration using in vivo cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) assessmen...

Aim: To investigate if a minimally invasive basic root canal preparation technique has an influence on root canal cleanliness in extracted mandibular molar teeth. Methodology: A total of 80 root canals (40 mesio-buccal and 40 mesio-lingual) from 40 mandibular molars were included. The teeth were divided equally into four different experimental g...

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on the life span of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. Methods: Cyclic fatigue testing of NiTi instruments was performed in a stainless steel artificial canal. During the experiment, 4 different temperatures (0°C, 20°C, 35°C, and 39°C) were used in a therm...

Aim: To evaluate the centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN) and 2Shape (TS) nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in terms of maintaining the original root canal configuration in a simulated tooth with severe curvature. Methodology: Twenty standardized simulated curved root canals were prepared to an apical size of 0.25 mm using PTN and TS (n = 10 c...

Aim: To present a long term follow up clinical case in which a compromised anterior tooth was saved by a surgical extrusion procedure. Summary: Although different techniques have been suggested for clinical crown lengthening in the anterior zone, some of them have limitations in terms of aesthetics and procedural requirements. The current case repo...

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by skeletal and dental abnormalities primarily, short stature, aplasia or hypoplasia of clavicles, open fontanelles and supernumerary teeth. Heterozygous mutations of the runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene have been found in approximately 60-70% of cases...

Aim To present a long term follow up clinical case in which a compromised anterior tooth was saved by a surgical extrusion procedure. Summary Although different techniques have been suggested for clinical crown lengthening in the anterior zone, some of them have limitations in terms of aesthetics and procedural requirements. The current case repor...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of apically extruded debris by Reciproc Blue (REC Blue; VDW, Munich, Germany), HyFlex EDM (HEDM; Coltene/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland), and XP-endo Shaper (XPS; FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) files during root canal preparation at body temperature. Metho...

Objective Minimal invasive endodontics preserve coronal and radicular tooth structure to increase the fracture resistance of teeth. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of final preparation taper on the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars. Materials and Methods Sixty maxillary premolars were selected and divided into 2 groups:...

Objective: Minimal invasive endodontics preserve coronal and radicular tooth structure to increase the fracture resistance of teeth. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of final preparation taper on the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars. Materials and Methods: Sixty maxillary premolars were selected and divided into 2 groups:...

Objectives To examine the surface topography of intact WaveOne (WO; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) and WaveOne Gold (WOG; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) nickel-titanium rotary files and to evaluate the presence of alterations to the surface topography after root canal preparations of severely curved root canals in molar teeth. Materials and Methods Fo...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) immersion and sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments. Methods: Two hundred ten new 25/.06 Twisted Files (TFs; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and Hyflex CM (Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls,...

Aim: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of R-Pilot and WaveOne Gold (WOG) Glider files, at intracanal temperature (35°C). Methodology: Forty R-Pilot and 40 WOG Glider files were subjected to a cyclic fatigue resistance test (n = 20), calculating the time to fracture (TTF) in an artificial stainless-steel canal. The l...

Aim: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of the One G, ProGlider, HyFlex EDM and R-Pilot glide path NiTi files at body temperature. Methodology: Twenty One G (size 14, .03 taper), 20 ProGlider (size 16, .02 taper), 20 HyFlex EDM (size 10, .05 taper) and 20 R-Pilot (size 12.5, .04 taper) instruments were operated in rotation at 300rpm (One G...

The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of HyFlex EDM (HEDM), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc Blue (RB), and 2Shape (TS) NiTi systems having different metallurgic properties. HEDM, WOG, RB, and TS instruments were rotated in artificial canals which were made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 45°, a...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and EDTA solutions on the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne (WO) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) nickel-titanium reciprocating files. Methods: A hundred WO (25/.08), and 100 WOG (25/.07) were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1, no immersion; group 2,...

This chapter reports on the possible complications that can be related to the procedures for filling the root canal system. It begins with a brief introduction and a description of the most common filling materials used in Endodontics, their characteristics and their history. The different obturation techniques used to fill the root canals in three...

Background: Trauma of developing teeth may lead to pulpal necrosis with subsequent arrestment of root development, making them more susceptible to fracture. Regenerative endodontic procedures induce maturogenesis in necrotic immature permanent teeth in order to promote continuation of root growth. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used as...

Introduction The aim of the present study was to analyze how a low environmental temperature can affect the fatigue life of instruments made by different types of heat-treated nickel-titanium alloys. Methods The flexural cyclic fatigue of 40 new specimens for each of the following systems was tested for cyclic fatigue resistance: ProTaper Universa...

Background: Trauma of developing teeth may lead to pulpal necrosis with subsequent arrestment of root development, making them more susceptible to fracture. Regenerative endodontic procedures induce maturogenesis in necrotic immature permanent teeth in order to promote continuation of root growth. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used as...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the fracture strength of root-filled and restored teeth with traditional endodontic cavity (TEC), conservative endodontic cavity (CEC), or ultraconservative "ninja" endodontic cavity (NEC) access. Methods: Extracted human intact maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were sel...

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of Blue thermal treatment on the bending resistance and cyclic fatigue of conventional M-Wire Reciproc files (VDW, Munich, Germany). The roughness pattern and the microhardness of the files were also assessed. Methods: Flexibility of standard Reciproc R25 files and the corr...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the formation of microcracks after canal preparation performed with different single-file systems as One Shape (Micro-Mega, Besancon, Cedex, France), F6 SkyTaper (Komet Italia Srl, Milan, Italy), HyFlex EDM (Coltene/Whaledent AG, Altstatten, Switzerland), WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigue...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Gold (PTG, Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files at room and intracanal temperatures. Methods: A total of 120 files were used to test the cyclic fatigue resistance of P...

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of rotary instruments' geometry and surface titanium-nitride (TiN) treatment on the fatigue fracture, through the comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of two endodontic systems that have similar cross-sectional design and different surface coating. Methods: 130 Mtwo (10/.04; 15/.0...

Objectives The objective of the study was to evaluate the shaping ability of curved root canals using Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) files (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy) activated by continuous rotation or adaptive motion. Materials and methods Thirty-two mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and severe...

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the shaping ability of three different nickel titanium instrument systems with different motions: Reciproc-Dentsply, WaveOne-Dentsply and BT-Race-FKG using micro-computed tomography. Methods. A total of thirty-six mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and severe angles of curvature w...

EndoLab is a tool that allows to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment starting from μCT data. The software is able to detect the untreated surface areas and estimate the amount of dentine removed, the percentage of channel surface treated and changes of radical channel axis in 3D space. The analysis is carried out quantitatively by dividing...

RestorativeLab allows to quantify the volume of voids caused by shrinkage of the filling material at the interface with the tooth, the appearance of internal cracks or other morphological changes of tooth structure.

Effective irrigant delivery and agitation are prerequisites to promote root canal disinfection and debris removal and improve successful endodontic treatment. This paper presents an overview of the currently available technologies to improve the cleaning of the endodontic space and their debridement efficacy. A PubMed electronic search was conducte...

Aim: To investigate the influence of interrupted rotation on cyclic fatigue of two nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Methodology: Cyclic fatigue of 300 new ProTaper Next size X1; X2 and Mtwo size 10, 0.04 taper; size 15, 0.05 taper; size 20, 0.06 taper and size 25, 0.06 taper was tested in continuous or interrupted rotation. Fifty files of the...

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the fatigue resistance of PathFile (PF) and ProGlider (PG) NiTi (Nickel-Titanium) rotary files in a double (S-shaped) curvature artificial root canal. Methods: The cyclic fatigue of the following rotary NiTi glide path instruments was tested in a double curvature artificial canal, PF (tip size...

Introduction: Many reciprocating file systems (RFs) have recently been introduced. This article reviews the properties, effectiveness, and clinical outcomes of the RFs. Methods: A PubMed electronic search was conducted by using appropriate key words to identify investigations on RFs. After retrieving the full-text relevant articles, the cross ci...

Introduction: During the evolution of mechanical instrumentation in endodontics, an important role has been played by reciprocating files (RFs) using horizontal, vertical or combined movements applied to stainless steel (SS) instruments. These kinds of systems are still in use mainly as an accessory to help in the first phases of the treatment. Met...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the torsional and cyclic fatigue resistance of the new Hyflex EDM OneFile (Coltene/Whaledent AG, Altstatten, Switzerland) manufactured by electrical discharge machining and compare the findings with the ones of Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer, Balla...

Rendere partecipe il lettore delle nuove tecnologie oggi a disposizione per migliorare la detersione e decontaminazione dello spazio endodontico e fornire spunti per valutare la possibilità di integrare queste nuove tecnologie nella pratica clinica quotidiana.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of Reciproc(®) (VDW GmbH) and ProFile(®) (Dentsply Maillefer) instruments at removing gutta-percha from straight and curved root canals ex vivo filled using the cold lateral condensation and GuttaMaster(®) (VDW GmbH) techniques. Material and methods: Forty mesial roots of mandibular molars with two curved cana...

To compare the effect of brushing motion on torsional and cyclic fatigue resistance of TF Adaptive instruments after clinical use. 20 packs of TFA small sequence (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) were used for this study and divided into two groups. Each instrument prepared one resin tooth, consisting in 4 canals with a complex anatomy. In group A, no...

Aim: To evaluate the influence of different torsional preloads on cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic rotary instruments made by conventional nickel–titanium (NiTi) or M-Wire. Methods: Eighty new Mtwo (#25/0.06) (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Padova, Italy) and ProTaper Next X2 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used. The Torqu...

Aim: To evaluate the quality of root canal preparation using two different mechanical NiTi systems. Methodology: 40 maxillary and mandibular molars were selected. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups and were scanned using a micro-computed tomography scanner before and after root canal preparation that was performed using ProFile instrume...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cutting efficiency of two new reciprocating instruments, Twisted File Adaptive and WaveOne Primary. 10 new Twisted File Adaptive (TF Adaptive) (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) and 10 new WaveOne Primary files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were activated using a torque-controlled motor,...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of 3 different nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments. A total of 45 nickel-titanium instruments were tested and divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 15): group 1, WaveOne Primary instruments; group 2, Reciproc R25 instruments; and group 3, Twisted File (TF) Adaptive M-L1...

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cutting efficiency of two new reciprocating instruments, Twisted File Adaptive and WaveOne Primary. Material and Methods: 10 new Twisted File Adaptive (TF Adaptive) (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) and 10 new WaveOne Primary files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were activat...

Introduction The purpose of this study was to present a new periapical and endodontic status scale (PESS) that is based on the complex periapical index (COPI), which was designed for the identification and classification of periapical bone lesions in cases of apical periodontitis, and the endodontically treated tooth index, which was designed for e...