
Gianluca BorghiniSapienza University of Rome | la sapienza · Department of Molecular Medicine
Gianluca Borghini
Electronic-Biomedical Engineer
About
143
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
June 2015 - July 2017
September 2015 - present
Brainsigns srl
Position
- PostDoc Position
July 2014 - present
Publications
Publications (143)
Attentional deficits have tragic consequences on road safety. These deficits are not solely caused by distraction, since they can also arise from other mental impairments such as, most frequently, mental fatigue. Fatigue is among the most prevalent impairing conditions while driving, degrading drivers’ cognitive and physical abilities. This issue i...
Although the Internet grants access to a large amount of information, it is crucial to verify its reliability before relying on it. False information is a dangerous medium that poses a considerable threat, as it impacts individuals’ perceptions and information processing, eventually shaping people’s behaviors. Misinformation can be weaponized, espe...
Ocular artifacts, including blinks and saccades, pose significant challenges in the analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) data, often obscuring crucial neural signals. This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to the most effective methods for correcting these artifacts, with a focus on algorithms designed for both laboratory and real-world...
Introduction
In operational environments, human interaction and cooperation between individuals are critical to efficiency and safety. These states are influenced by individuals' cognitive and emotional states. Human factor research aims to objectively quantify these states to prevent human error and maintain constant performances, particularly in...
In the context of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal processing, artifacts generated by ocular movements, such as blinks, are significant confounding factors. These artifacts overwhelm informative EEG features and may occur too frequently to simply remove affected epochs without losing valuable data. Correcting these artifacts remains a challenge...
Cochlear implants (CI) allow deaf patients to improve language perception and improving their emotional valence assessment. Electroencephalographic (EEG) measures were employed so far to improve CI programming reliability and to evaluate listening effort in auditory tasks, which are particularly useful in conditions when subjective evaluations are...
Background: Despite substantial progress in investigating its psychophysical complexity, tinnitus remains a scientific and clinical enigma. The present study, through an ecological and multidisciplinary approach, aims to identify associations between electroencephalographic (EEG) and psycho-audiological variables. Methods: EEG beta activity, often...
Vigilance refers to the capability of humans to respond accordingly to relevant and unpredictable tasks and surrounding environment changes over prolonged periods of time. Identifying vigilance decrements can, therefore, have huge and vital impacts on several operational environments in which a simple slip of mind or a deficit in attention can bear...
The drivers’ distraction plays a crucial role in road safety as it is one of the main impacting causes of road accidents. The phenomenon of distraction encompasses both psychological and environmental factors and, therefore, addressing the complex interplay contributing to human distraction in automotive is crucial for developing technologies and i...
Workload and distraction are problems that affect road driving and can cause very serious accidents. Drive assistance systems are very important to help drivers relieve fatigue of driving by increasing road safety and reducing the number of accidents. The Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is a useful driver assistance system to set and maintain a safe...
The human factor plays a key role in the automotive field since most accidents are due to drivers' unsafe and risky behaviors. The industry is now pursuing two main solutions to deal with this concern: in the short term, there is the development of systems monitoring drivers' psychophysical states, such as inattention and fatigue, and in the medium...
In the field of passive Brain–computer Interfaces (BCI), the need to develop systems that require rapid setup, suitable for use outside of laboratories is a fundamental challenge, especially now, that the market is flooded with novel EEG headsets with a good quality. However, the lack of control in operational conditions can compromise the performa...
When assessing trainees’ progresses during a driving training program, instructors can only rely on the evaluation of a trainee’s explicit behavior and their performance, without having any insight about the training effects at a cognitive level. However, being able to drive does not imply knowing how to drive safely in a complex scenario such as t...
The current industrial environment relies heavily on maritime transportation. Despite the continuous technological advances for the development of innovative safety software and hardware systems, there is a consistent gap in the scientific literature regarding the objective evaluation of the performance of maritime operators. The human factor is pr...
The capability of measuring specific neurophysiological and autonomic parameters plays a crucial role in the objective evaluation of a human’s mental and emotional states. These human aspects are commonly known in the scientific literature to be involved in a wide range of processes, such as stress and arousal. These aspects represent a relevant fa...
The capability of measuring specific neurophysiological and autonomic parameters plays a crucial role in the objective evaluation of the human’s mental and emotional states. These human aspects are commonly known in scientific literature to be involved in a wide range of processes, such as the stress and arousal. These aspects represent a relevant...
Facial behaviour forms an important cue for understanding human affect. While a large number of existing approaches successfully recognize affect from facial behaviours occurring in daily life, facial behaviours displayed in work settings have not been investigated to a great extent. This paper presents the first study that systematically investiga...
Nowadays, fostered by technological progress and contextual circumstances such as the economic crisis and pandemic restrictions, remote education is experiencing growing deployment. However, this growth has generated widespread doubts about the actual effectiveness of remote/online learning compared to face-to-face education. The present study was...
A non-adequate psychophysical condition represents a major factor in causing car accidents. In particular, 20% of car crashes are caused by mental fatigue and drowsiness, with dramatic consequences and fatalities. Nowadays strategies to reduce the risks while driving. The on-board systems equipping current vehicles are not able to intervene before...
Teamwork efficiency and safety are inextricably linked. The capability of having online insights and access to objective information regarding cognitive and emotional aspects of the team members using neurophysiological measures (brain activity, skin conductance, heart rate) will endow a tool which can support Instructors during the assessment and...
Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have received increasable interest in various application domains including in Air Transportation Management (ATM). Different AI in particular Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to provide decision support in autonomous decision-making tasks in the ATM domain e.g., predicting air transportati...
A new alert to help commercial pilots avoid severe wake turbulence from other aircraft is under development in a project called SAFEMODE, which has the aim of integrating Human Factors into the design stage of development. The potential wake vortex encounter is predicted on the ground and flagged to the air traffic controller handling the affected...
Nowadays, fostered by technological progress and contextual circumstances such as economic crisis and pandemic restrictions, remote education is living a growing deployment. However, this growth generated widespread doubts about the actual effectiveness of remote/online compared to face-to-face education. The present study aimed at comparing face-t...
Training assessment is usually done by evaluating information derived from instructor's supervision related to the pilot's operational performance and behavior. However, this approach lacks objective measures, especially regarding the pilots' mental states while accomplishing the flight training tasks. The study therefore aimed at developing and te...
The driving drowsiness has been identified as one of the major causes of road traffic accidents, causing fatalities and permanent injuring. Drowsy drivers are prone to suddenly lose control of the car, mostly without any prior behavioral cue. The present study involved 19 participants in a simulated driving protocol, designed to induce mental drows...
Technologies like passive brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can enhance human-machine interaction. Anyhow, there are still shortcomings in terms of easiness of use, reliability, and generalizability that prevent passive-BCI from entering real-life situations. The current work aimed to technologically and methodologically design a new gel-free passive...
Pilot training and expertise are key aspects in aviation. A traditional way of evaluating pilot expertise is to measure performance output. However, this approach provides a narrow view of the pilot’s capacity, especially with regard to mental and emotional profile. The aim of this study is hence to investigate whether neurophysiological data can b...
Human errors are widely considered among the major causes of road accidents. Furthermore, it is estimated that more than 90% of vehicle crashes causing fatal and permanent injuries are directly related to mental tiredness, fatigue, and drowsiness of the drivers. In particular, driving drowsiness is recognized as a crucial aspect in the context of r...
Display and native ads represent two of the most widely used digital advertising formats employed by advertisers that aim to grab the attention of online users. In recent years, the native format has become very popular because it relies on deceptive features that make harder the recognition of its advertising nature, reducing avoiding behaviors su...
Driver’s stress affects decision-making and the probability of risk occurrence, and it is therefore a key factor in road safety. This suggests the need for continuous stress monitoring. This work aims at validating a stress neurophysiological measure—a Neurometric—for out-of-the-lab use obtained from lightweight EEG relying on two wet sensors, in r...
Air Traffic Management (ATM) will be more complex in the coming decades due to the growth and increased complexity of aviation and has to be improved in order to maintain the aviation safety. It is agreed that without significant improvement in this domain, the safety objectives defined by the International Organisations cannot be achieved and a ri...
Despite the technological advancements, the employment of passive brain computer interface (BCI) out of the laboratory context is still challenging. This is largely due to methodological reasons. On the one hand, machine learning methods have shown their potential in maximizing performance for user mental states classification. On the other hand, t...
Accurate detection of driving fatigue is helpful in significantly reducing the rate of road traffic accidents. Electroencephalogram (EEG) based methods are proven to be efficient to evaluate mental fatigue. Due to its high non-linearity, as well as significant individual differences, how to perform EEG fatigue mental state evaluation across differe...
The sample size is a crucial concern in scientific research and even more in behavioural neurosciences, where besides the best practice it is not always possible to reach large experimental samples. In this study we investigated how the outcomes of research change in response to sample size reduction. Three indices computed during a task involving...
In several fields, the need for a joint analysis of brain activity and eye activity to investigate the association between brain mechanisms and manifest behavior has been felt. In this work, two levels of attentional demand, elicited through a conjunction search task, have been modelled in terms of eye blinks, brain activity, and brain network feat...
Fatigued driving is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. The electroencephalogram (EEG)-based mental state analysis method is an effective and objective way of detecting fatigue. However, as EEG shows significant differences across subjects, effectively “transfering” the EEG analysis model of the existing subjects to the EEG signals of othe...
The capability of monitoring user’s performance represents a crucial aspect to improve safety and efficiency of several human-related activities. Human errors are indeed among the major causes of work-related accidents. Assessing human factors (HFs) could prevent these accidents through specific neurophysiological signals’ evaluation but laboratory...
Real-world experience is typically multimodal. Evidence indicates that the facilitation in the detection of multisensory stimuli is modulated by the perceptual load, the amount of information involved in the processing of the stimuli. Here, we used a realistic virtual reality environment while concomitantly acquiring Electroencephalography (EEG) an...
Current telemedicine and remote healthcare applications foresee different interactions between the doctor and the patient relying on the use of commercial and medical wearable sensors and internet-based video conferencing platforms. Nevertheless, the existing applications necessarily require a contact between the patient and sensors for an objectiv...
Scents have the ability to affect peoples’ mental states and task performance with to different extents. It has been widely demonstrated that the lemon scent, included in most all-purpose cleaners, elicits stimulation and activation, while the lavender scent elicits relaxation and sedative effects. The present study aimed at investigating and foste...
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an effective indicator for the detection of driver fatigue. Due to the significant differences in EEG signals across subjects, and difficulty in collecting sufficient EEG samples for analysis during driving, detecting fatigue across subjects through using EEG signals remains a challenge. EasyTL is a kind of transfer-le...
Human physiological parameters have been proven as reliable and objective indicators of user’s mental states, such as the Mental Workload. However, standard methodologies for evaluating physiological parameters generally imply a certain grade of invasiveness. It is largely demonstrated the relevance of monitoring workers to improve their working co...
The WorkingAge project aims at improving the psycho-physical condition of workers, with a special focus on ageing subjects. In this context, a Decision Support System, based on a hybrid data-driven/model-driven approach, fed with data coming from environmental and wearable sensors, aims to provide personalised advises to the worker. In this paper w...
The neurophysiological analysis of cooperation has evolved over the past 20 years, moving towards the research of common patterns in neurophysiological signals of people interacting. Social Physiological Compliance (SPC) and Hyperscanning represent two frameworks for the joint analysis of autonomic and brain signals respectively. Each of the two ap...
Analysis of physiological signals, electroencephalography more specifically, is considered a very promising technique to obtain objective measures for mental workload evaluation, however, it requires a complex apparatus to record, and thus, with poor usability in monitoring in-vehicle drivers' mental workload. This study proposes a methodology of c...
The WorkingAge project aims at improving the psycho-physical condition of workers, with a special focus on ageing subjects. In this context, a Decision Support System, based on a hybrid data-driven / model-driven approach, and fed with data coming from a plethora of environmental and wearable sensors, provides personalised advises to the worker. In...
Sports activity is characterised by the influence of different factors, which relate to both psychological and emotional stress of athletes. As a consequence, mental and physical preparations are fundamental in pre-competition and competition activities. In fact, being able to manage the reactions to stressful events and high demanding conditions,...
Air Traffic Control (ATC) has been classified as the fourth most stressful job. In this regard, sixteen controllers were asked to perform ecological ATC simulation during which behavioral (Radio Communications with pilots - RCs), subjective (stress perception) and neurophysiological signals (brain activity and skin conductance - SC) were collected....
The WorkingAge project aims at improving the psycho-physical condition of workers, with a special focus on ageing subjects. In this context, a Decision Support System, based on a hybrid data-driven / model-driven approach, fed with data coming from environmental and wearable sensors, aims to provide personalised advises to the worker. In this paper...
Stress is a word used to describe human reactions to emotionally, cognitively and physically challenging experiences. A hallmark of the stress response is the activation of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in the “fight-freeze-flight” response to a threat from a dangerous situation. Consequently, the capability to objectively assess and trac...
In the last decade, a real revolution in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) led from the “overt” detection of human intention to the " covert” assessment of the actual human mental states. While the first aspect is the basis of the traditional BCI systems, the latter represents the outcome of the passive BCI applications. In fact, passive...
The need for automatic detection and classification of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) as biomarkers of the epileptogenic tissue is strongly felt in the clinical field. In this context, the employment of artificial intelligence methods could be the missing piece to achieve this goal. This work proposed a double-step procedure based on machine le...
The aging of the working population calls for innovative approaches to monitor and support the changes of physical, physiological and psycho-social capabilities of workers over time, as well as to promote habits aimed at improving both health and productivity. This paper presents the WorkingAge (Smart Working Environments for All Ages-WA) project,...
We investigated the contribution of specific HCI concepts to provide multimodal information to Air Traffic Controlers in the context of Remote Control Towers (i.e. when an airport is controlled from a distant location). We considered interactive spatial sound, tactile stimulation and body movements to design four different interaction and feedback...
Vigilance degradation usually causes significant performance decrement. It is also considered the major factor causing the out-of-the-loop phenomenon (OOTL) occurrence. OOTL is strongly related to a high level of automation in operative contexts such as the Air Traffic Management (ATM), and it could lead to a negative impact on the Air Traffic Cont...
The human capacity to simultaneously perform several tasks depends on the quantity and the mode of mentally processing the information imposed by the tasks. Since operational environments are highly dynamic, priorities across tasks will be expected to change as the mission evolves, thus the capability to reallocate the mental resources dynamically...
In the European research project WorkingAge (WA), a system is being developed that will use innovative HCI methods to measure emotional, cognitive and physical strain of workers. At the same time, with the use of Internet of Things (IoTs), sensors will be able to detect environmental conditions. The purpose is to promote healthy habits of users in...