Giampietro Farronato

• medicine
• Professor (Full) at University of Milan

This scholarly article delves into the multifaceted domains of human cloning, encompassing its biological underpinnings, ethical dimensions, and broader societal implications. The exposition commences with a succinct historical and contextual overview of human cloning, segueing into an in-depth exploration of its biological intricacies. Central to...

The worldwide infertility crisis and the increase in mortality and morbidity among infants, due to preterm births and associated complications , have stimulated research into artificial placenta (AP) and artificial womb (AW) technology as novel solutions. These technologies mimic the natural environment provided in the mother's womb, using chambers...

SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, caused a pandemic in 2020, which is only recently slowing down. The symptoms of COVID-19 range from cough to fever and pneumonia and may persist beyond the active state of the infection, in a condition called post-COVID syndrome. The aim of this paper is to review the relationship between COVID-19 and...

Background The oral ecosystem conditions dental health, and is known to be positively modified by oral hygiene which cannot always be performed between meals, especially outside home. It is therefore important to identify the practices to be adopted to influence the oral environment in an anticariogenic direction. Milk and cheese are considered fun...

RIASSUNTO L'introduzione di nuovi materiali inorganici biocompatibili, elastici e resistenti nell'ambiente orale ha contribuito alla nascita di un gran numero di dispositivi preformati che, nel loro complesso, costitui-scono oggi uno specifico settore dell'ortodonzia definito sintetica-mente come elastodonzia. L'evoluzione più promettente con-siste...

Objective: The aim of the study was to show the effect that two naturally occurring compounds, a cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol, can have on the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells. Materials and methods: The PubMed database was searched to retrieve studies published from 2000 to 2020, satisfying the inclusion criteria. The search keywords wer...

Background: Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor that has a significant incidence related to asbestos exposure with no effective therapy and poor prognosis. The role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cancer is controversial due to their opposite effects on tumor growth and in particular, only a few data are reported on...

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the available literature about the influence of breastfeeding in primary and mixed dentition on different types of malocclusions. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines were used to perform the present review. The...

Background Adipose tissue derived MSCs engineered with the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand protein (MSCs-TRAIL) have a significant anticancer activity. MSCs, without any genetic modifications, exposed to high doses of chemotherapeutic agents are able to uptake the drug and release it in amount affecting tumor proliferation....

Background and aim of the work: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current pandemics of coronavirus disease. This virus is able to attack the cells of the airway epithelium by binding to the transmembrane angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We developed an oral spray that could inhibit the SAR...

Background and aim of the work: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current pandemics. This virus attacks the cells by binding to the transmembrane angiotensin I converting enzyme 2. In this study, we experimented a food supplement containing alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol for the improvement...

Background Lymphangioma of the tongue is a rare condition related to congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. It may have different implications such as macroglossia. This condition could exacerbate in aesthetic abnormalities and functional problems such as maxillofacial structural deformities, dysphagia, airway obstruction and speech diff...

fluoride-releasing dental material; pluronic; poloxamers; thermo-responsive material

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on maxillary and mandibular arch in the mixed dentition. Methods Forty-four consecutive patients with transverse maxillary deficiency were recruited. Test group: 21 patients (10 male, 11 female; 7.4 ± 1.2 years) who underwent RME (Haas type) therapy banded...

Purpose To describe the clinical features of a rare case of NBAS-SOPH-like mutations; to emphasize special aspects of the ocular and oro-facial regions. Methods Case report. Case Description We present a 5-year-old girl initially examined for her dysmorphic features, mental delay, strabismus, and high myopia. During the funduscopic examination, w...

Interdental papilla are an interesting source of mesenchymal stromal cells (GinPaMSCs), which are easy to isolate and expand in vitro. In our laboratory, GinPaMSCs were isolated, expanded, and characterized by studying their secretome before and after priming with paclitaxel (PTX). The secretome of GinPaMSCs did not affect the growth of cancer cell...

Bisphosphonates (BPs) represent the first-line treatment for a wide array of bone disorders. Despite their well-known action on osteoclasts, the effects they induce on osteoblasts are still unclear. In order to shed light on this aspect we evaluated the impact of two nitrogen containing bisphosphonates, Alendronate (ALN) and Zoledronate (ZOL), on h...

Supplementary method and figure.

Objectives This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and type of oral HPV-infection in women with a cervical HPV-lesion and in the oral and genital mucosa of their male partners. Methods The study group comprised 44 sexually-active women, 20–45 years with abnormal PAP smear, not more than 6 months prior to referral together with...

Age and genital lesion/PAP test results of the study group. (XLSX)

Complete sociodemographic characteristics of the study group. (XLSX)

Results from cervical, oral and urina samples with the different type of PCR DNA assays. (XLSX)

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to describe treatment options for bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia in pediatric patients, to describe etiologic and diagnostic correlations with the treatment, and to evaluate long-term follow-up treatment outcomes. Methods: A systematic revision of the literature was perfo...

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the dental and orthopaedic effects of the Leaf Expander with rapid and slow maxillary expanders. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 30 patients with a posterior crossbite divided into three groups: the rapid maxillary expander (RME) group (3 m, 7 f), average age 8.9 years; the slow maxillary expa...

Objetivos. Presentar un nuevo aparato de expansión maxilar y evaluar las modificaciones de las arcadas obtenidas con la expansión lenta, con fuerzas ligeras, en pacientes en crecimiento, con insuficiencia transversal del maxilar superior. Material y métodos: los estudios presentados muestran el funcionamiento biomecánico del aparato y evalúan su ef...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of Invisalign in a large sample of patients compared to fixed appliances.

Objective: This article describes a virtual protocol designed to optimize surgical orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan. Methods: A total of 15 patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment have been analyzed with a presurgical virtual three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning, which involves 9 steps. All the patients have been treated...

Aim: The aim of this article is to describe the use of a titanium TSME appliance for patients with allergy to resin and nickel. We aim to highlight the optimal way to avoid problems such as stomatitis and peri-labial dermatitis, which generally appear in patients who use traditional orthodontic appliances made in acrylic resin and steel. Material...

Macrophages are key cellular components of the innate immunity, acting as the main player in the first-line defence against the pathogens and modulating homeostatic and inflammatory responses. Plasticity is a major feature of macrophages resulting in extreme heterogeneity both in normal and in pathological conditions. Macrophages are not homogenous...

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of cyclohexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cantharellus cibarius were tested. Broth microdilution assay was performed against 10 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia...

Objective and importance: Hypoplasia of the masseter muscle is a rare condition, described as partial or total, associated with congenital malformations or pathologies. Rare cases are those with no genetic alterations in their familiar picture. The authors present a case of an idiopathic masseter muscle hypoplasia in the absence of other pathologie...

Background: Several correlations between morphological and/or positional alterations of the jaws and respiratory functional impairments have been reported. NAO (Nasal airway obstruction) represents a big deal with no clearly defined "gold- standard" in measurement. Rhinomanometry was adopted by multiple Authors to evaluate whether patients with ma...

Inflammation, altered immune cell phenotype, and functions are key features shared by diverse chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Natural killer cells are innate lymphoid cells primarily involved in the immune system response to non-self -components but their plasticity i...

Objectives To assess the best temporal association between the application of a fluoride varnish on enamel and bonding procedures. Materials and Methods Eighty mandibular bovine incisors were used. Teeth were divided into 4 groups (20 per group); Groups 1–3 were treated with fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstei...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate muscular function and mandibular kinesiology of patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment by electromyography and kinesiography. Electromyographic evaluation is essential to estimate masticatory forces in patients undergoing combined surgical-orthodontic treatment. Materials and meth...

TSME Characteristics

Background: The aim of this study was to examining the activity of jaw muscles through electromyograph and electrognatograph in children with unilateral posterior cross-bite and functional lateral shift before and after rapid palatal expansion, and to find out a relationship between the results. Methods: The sample included 71 children (35 femal...

Objectives: In this study on 90 individuals we aimed at evaluating the microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile associated with personal levels of Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr) traced in hair samples. Ti and Zr materials are broadly used for dental implants but the biological reactions triggered by a long term presence of these materials in the or...

Background: The possible relationship between periodontitis and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is now mostly unknown but there are common characteristics in both diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Etanercept (Enbrel®) effects on periodontal conditions of children affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Methods: For this study t...

Backgroud: The aim of this study was to describe an experimental study carried out in a group of young patients with an early diagnosis of atypical eruption pattern of the maxillary canines and first premolars, identified and treated by rapid palatal expansion (RPE) interceptive therapy. Methods: This study involved 20 young patients aged betwee...

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a transverse maxillary deficit can cause an alteration of vertebral development and therefore of the skeletal maturation comparing the cervical maturation stages index with the hand-wrist index. Materials and methods: For the study were selected 200 patients aged 7 - 14 years, equally distributed...

The in vitro activity of the new artemisinin derivative artemisone as well as other molecules of the same class against Helicobacter pylori and their effects when combined with standard antibiotics were evaluated. Since H. pylori can be internalised into gastric epithelial cells, the effects of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin and artemisone against...

Background: The aim of this study is to examining the activity of jaw muscles through electromyograph and electrognatograph in children with unilateral posterior cross-bite and functional lateral shift before and after rapid palatal expansion, and to find out a relationship between the results. Methods: The sample included 71 children (35 female...

AIM: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate and compare cephalometrically the skeletal and dental effects of maxillary expansion by the rapid maxillary expander compared to a surgical assisted rapid maxillary expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the records which included 102 patients ( 50 female, 52 male) with maxillary bilateral cross...

Objective: Gingival tissue is composed of cell types that contribute to the body's defense against many agents in oral environment, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Thanks to their easy and scarcely invasive withdrawal procedure, interdental papilla provide a good source of mesenchymal stromal cells (GinPa-MSCs). We isolated GinPa-MSCs and v...

Objectives: The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate current knowledge about the relationship between Angle class II malocclusion (especially the second division) and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Materials and methods: A survey has been conducted through the electronic databases Medline, using specific inclusion and exclusion...

Purpose: To present a patient with an atypical recurrent parotid swelling due to masseter muscle hypertrophy and the diagnostic/therapeutic assessment to treat this condition. Case report: A patient referring recurrent right facial swelling underwent a complete multidisciplinary assessment of the parotid region that revealed masseter muscle hype...

Scopo del lavoro è presentare un repository (Italian Recording for the Appropriate Management of Odontoiatric Patient, IRAMOP) per la registrazione delle prestazioni odontoiatriche effettuate sui pazienti afferenti a cinque sedi universitarie italiane relativamente alle specialità ortodontiche, chirurgiche, implantologiche, parodontali ed endodonti...

Objective: To compare the distance between the sphenoid and frontal bones on three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in euploid and trisomy-21 fetuses at 16-24 weeks' gestation. Methods: We acquired 3D volumes of the fetal profile from 80 normal and 30 trisomy-21 fetuses at 16-24 weeks' gestation. We used the multiplanar mode to obtain the mid-sagitta...

The aim of this review is to describe the most commonly observed changes in periodontium caused by orthodontic treatment in order to facilitate specialists’ collaboration and communication. An electronic database search was carried out using PubMed abstract and citation database and bibliographic material was then used in order to find other approp...

The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the effectiveness of the laser-assisted treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. A review with inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed from January 2009 to December 2014 with electronic databases: MedLine via PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane Library. Research of paper magazines by hand...

. Fornire una revisione della letteratura circa la trasposizione dentale indagando la prevalenza, le possibili anomalie dentali associate, le caratteristiche peculiari e classificatorie.

Verificare la precisione di un protocollo di programmazione ortodontica prechirurgica virtuale e confrontarlo con quella di un protocollo non virtuale.

Riassunto Obiettivi Analizzare l’accuratezza diagnostica della Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) rispetto ad altre metodiche d’immagine nel rilevare l’invasione ossea da carcinoma squamocellulare orale (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, OSCC). Materiali e metodi La revisione della letteratura è stata condotta su studi in lingua inglese indicizzati...

L’accuratezza della programmazione ortodontica prechirurgica svolge un ruolo fondamentale per il successo della chirurgia ortognatodontica. Recentemente, l’ introduzione della tomografia computerizzata CBCT e lo sviluppo delle tecnologie digitali hanno permesso la progettazione virtuale prechirurgica. Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro sono quelli di d...

Background: The introduction of electromyographic and kinesiographic technology in orthodontics allows to obtain objective data regarding the functional aspects of the mandibular movements and the masticatory muscular activity. It is then important to be able to correlate the data obtained by instrumental activity with the clinical ones. The aim o...

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of periodontal biotype in the development of gingival recession in patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment. A total of 60 mandibular incisors were analyzed. The qualitative assessment of periodontal biotype was performed with the use of a new biotype probe. A strong correlation was found b...

Diabetes mellitus is a frequent disease and its prevalence is constantly increasing. Therefore dentists will be treating a growing number of patients with the disease. The aim of this work was to make a review of the literature about the influence of diabetes mellitus on orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. University textbooks and scienti...

The Turin Shroud (TS) is a linen cloth commonly associated with Jesus Christ, his crucifixion and burial. Several medical specialists have debated the injuries of the TS Man, nevertheless there are no detailed and quantitative data about the anatomy of the TS face. The purpose of this study was to analyse the cephalometric measurements of the face...

Analysis of the frontal sinus is an important tool in personal identification. Cone beam-computed tomography (CBCT) is also progressively replacing conventional radiography and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in human identification. The aim of this study is to develop a reproducible technique and measurements from 3D reconstructions obtaine...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) represents a frequent and common respiratory disease characterized by repeated episodes of complete and/or partial obstruction of upper airways during sleep, normally associated with reduction of oxygen saturation in blood. The oral appliances (OAs) are considered to be an effective treatment modality thanks...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) represents a frequent and common respiratory disease characterized by repeated episodes of complete and/or partial obstruction of upper airways during sleep, normally associated with reduction of oxygen saturation in blood. The oral appliances (OAs) are considered to be an effective treatment modality thanks...

Riassunto Obiettivi Scopo di questo lavoro è studiare gli effetti di una struttura ergono-mica a vibrazione multifocale (MFV) sul sistema neuromuscolare e posturale in soggetti sani. Materiali e metodi 30 volontari (16 maschi e 14 femmine, di età compresa tra 19 e 25 anni) sono stati sottoposti all'esame elettromiografico (EMG) e stabilometrico p...

The aim of this retrospective study was to cephalometrically evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of the transverse sagittal maxillary expander (TSME), for the correction of sagittal and transverse maxillary deficiency in class I, II, and III malocclusions. The sample for this retrospective study included 45 patients (mean age, 8.4 years; 26 fe...

This article describes an experimental protocol designed to optimize surgical orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan. In this study, 15 patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment have been analyzed.The superimposition between models and respective presurgical setup for each group was performed. A best-fit algorithm was used to find the po...

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of six different prophylactic agents on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty-six freshly extracted mandibular bovine incisors were used. Teeth were randomly divided into 7 equal groups (18 per group) as follows: group-1 served as contr...

The transversal sagittal maxillary expander (TSME) is a fixed device designed to develop arch form in patients with constricted dental arches. The present article describes a modified TSME appliance, the activation method, the therapeutic benefits as well as clinical advantages. The appliance has two molar bands, a Hyrax-type transverse expansion s...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a complete or partial airway obstruction that can cause significant physiologic disturbance with various clinical impacts. The etiology is multifactorial and its clinical manifestations are night snoring, headache when patient wakes up, day-time sleepiness and degrease of cognitive performance. Some recent...

Background Saliva contains a variety of substances and could be functionally equivalent to serum in reflecting the physiological state of the body, including metabolic variations. Salivary samples are non-invasive, safe, and easier to handle than serum. Oxidized LDL cholesterol (oxLDL) is an additional cardiovascular risk factor playing an importan...

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the electromyographic and electrognatographic exams of 55 patients before and after rapid palatal expansion, and to find out a relationship between the results. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 55 children (28 females and 27 males; age ranging between 6 and10 years) with unilateral po...

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the response and changes on pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) to class II Andresen appliance in class II growing patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: The sample consisted of forty patients with a class II malocclusion in the age range of 9 to 14 years with mandibular retrusion and...

OBJECTIVES. The work report about the complications of oral piercing and the role of dentist in their prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature through the Medline database by entering "oral piercing", "piercing and complications", "piercing and hygiene" as keywords. Articles published between 19...

The purpose of this paper was to present the unique case of complete pre-eruptive idiopathic crown resorption, few of which have ever been reported, because most have concerned partial idiopathic crowns. Crown resorption affects only a part of the crown and begins when crown mineralization is complete, leading to hypomineralization of the teeth. Tr...

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the stages of calcification of the mandibular second molar and the stages of skeletal maturity among Italian children and young adults. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The samples were derived from panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 50...

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement is common but usually delayed in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We describe the case of a JIA patient with bilateral TMJ involvement, mandibular retrognathia, bone erosion, and severely restricted mouth opening. The use of cone beam computed tomography and a 3D diagnostic protocol in you...

The precision of presurgical orthodontic diagnostic protocol plays a key role for the success of orthognathic surgery.Recently, the introduction of cone beam computed tomography and the development of digital technologies led to the possibility to create new virtual protocols of diagnostic protocol.The purposes of this study were to describe the vi...

The aim of our study was to assess the use of orthodontic appliances made in titanium for patients with an allergy to resin and nickel. We aim to highlight the resolution of problems such as stomatitis and peri-labial dermatitis, which generally manifest in patients who use traditional orthodontic appliances in acrylic resin and steel. A total of 1...

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable expressivity, characterized by skull and facial malformations. Such alterations vary from case to case. Management requires multidisciplinary approach. Two cases of two sisters affected by Crouzon syndrome are described. Treatment was performed by orthopedic and orthodontic devices wi...

OBJECTIVES. Cleft lip palate is congenital growth disease with unknown etiology, probably linked to both genetically and external causes. The aim of this work consists in presenting the effects of these diseases on cranio facial growth and the surgical protocols described in literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The literature review articles conducte...

We report here the case of orthodontic nonsurgical treatment in a patient with Binder syndrome. This rare syndrome (<1/10,000) is a deforming alteration of the middle third of the face, also known as maxillonasal dysplasia/dysostosis. The therapeutic approach often undertaken is an orthodontic-surgical protocol, which includes several invasive inte...

Objectives/HypothesisJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children and is caused by a multitude of well-studied disorders. However, the association between JIA and/or its treatment and sinonasal inflammatory disease (SNID) has never been studied. We therefore investigated this relationship to gain more...

Background: The Hyrax rapid palatal expander is useful for patients in mixed dentition with premature exfoliation of some deciduous teeth and maxillary hypoplasia. This appliance, which is provided of a vestibular arm for correcting maxillary asymmetric transverse discrepancies, represents an interceptive treatment able to reduce the duration of t...