Ghayda Hassan

• Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at University of Quebec in Montreal

The Problem People use social media platforms to chat, search, and share information, express their opinions, and connect with others. But these platforms also facilitate the posting of divisive, harmful, and hateful messages, targeting groups and individuals, based on their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or political views. Hate conte...

Objectives: Since October 2023, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has particularly affected international communities and diasporas. Within Quebec, Canada, these tensions added to existing social polarization, not sparing the school environment, by creating feelings of fear, anger, powerlessness, deteriorating school climate, and hindering individua...

Stigma has been pointed out as a barrier to mental healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa. Among the manifestations of stigma, the use of physical restraints is condemned as a form of violation of basic human rights. Research on this phenomenon is limited in West Africa and more particularly in Burkina Faso. This study explores the phenomenon of stigma o...

Background: Data on children who grow up with parents adhering to violent extremism is scant. This makes it extremely delicate to inform policies and clinical services to protect such children from potential physical and psychological harm. Objective: This paper explores the predicament of children whose caretakers were referred to a specialized...

Ce rapport vise à présenter le contexte, la méthodologie et les résultats d’une revue systématique portant sur les méthodologies des études évaluatives de programmes de prévention de l’extrémisme violent à l’échelle internationale, publiées en anglais, français et espagnol jusqu’en décembre 2019. Sur un total de 18 886 documents identifiés pendant...

The purpose of this report is to present the background, methodology, and findings of a systematic review of methodologies of evaluative studies of violent extremism prevention programs internationally, published in English, French, and Spanish through December 2019. From a total of 18,886 documents identified during the initial stage of this sear...

In order to contribute to the development of practice guidelines in the field of prevention of violent extremism—an area with relatively little empirical literature—the CPN-PREV adopted a three-step strategy. Firstly, to ground the discussions in the synthesized empirical literature, the CPN-PREV scientific team conducted two systematic reviews on...

Afin de contribuer à l’élaboration de lignes directrices pour la pratique dans le domaine de la prévention de l’extrémisme violent — un domaine où la littérature empirique est relativement embryonnaire — le RPC-PREV a adopté une stratégie en quatre étapes. Premièrement, afin d’ancrer les discussions dans une littérature empirique synthétisée, l’équ...

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The main objective of this project is to gather, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence about the appropriateness and utility of tools used to assess the risk of violent radicalization.

Introduction : Au Burkina Faso, le manque d’études sur les itinéraires thérapeutiques en santé mentale limite la compréhension des obstacles associés au recours aux soins. Comme dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, cette situation se traduit par une difficulté des systèmes de santé à adapter l’offre de soins disponible à la réalité des pers...

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review: The objectives are as follows: (1) to critically and systematically synthesize the empirical evidence on the effects or impacts of exposure to or consumption, active search, or promotion of hate content online or in traditional media; (2) to describe how the characteristics of hate (e.g., type...

The current study compared risk and protective factors related to mental health for non-radical violent offending and violent radical offending by conducting a scoping review of existing meta-analyses and systematic reviews. This enabled the identification of risk and protective factors common to both phenomena, and specific to violent radicalizati...

In the recent past, efforts in countering radicalization to violence (CRV) have significantly expanded in Canada. Drawing on national and international developments, research, and frontline experience, this chapter provides an overview of how the field of CRV has evolved and how it is currently unfolding in Canada. It combines contributions from th...

The overall objective of this study was to document the experiences lived, challenges faced and lessons learned by researchers and practitioners who have conducted evaluations of programs for prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) in various Western countries. We define program and practice evaluation broadly as assessing the des...

Since 2001, attacks attributed to extremist movements or “lone actors” have intensified and spread around the world, prompting governments to invest significant sums of money into preventing violent radicalization. Nonetheless, knowledge regarding best practices for prevention remains disparate, and the effectiveness of current practices is not cle...

Au cours de la dernière décennie, l’inquiétude suscitée par les violences extrémistes a poussé les gouvernements à déployer des efforts importants et investir des sommes considérables dans le développement de programmes de prévention et de lutte contre la radicalisation et l’extrémisme violents. Malgré ces efforts et ces investissements, les connai...

L'évaluation dans le domaine de la prévention de l'extrémisme est l'un des grands défis du moment. Nous savons très peu de choses sur l'efficacité de ces programmes et sur les facteurs qui expliquent le succès de leur mise en œuvre. L'évaluation semble difficile, voire impossible, étant donné les nombreuses limites associées aux programmes de préve...

In the last decade, growing concerns about extremist violence have led governments to make important efforts and invest significant sums of money in developing programs to prevent and counter violent radicalization and extremism. Despite these efforts and investments, current knowledge regarding best practices in prevention remains disparate, and t...

Le Réseau des praticiens canadiens pour la prévention de la radicalisation et de l’extrémisme violent (RPC-PREV; https://cpnprev.ca/fr) a effectué une revue systématique de la littérature portant sur l’efficacité des programmes de prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire dans le domaine de la radicalisation menant à la violence. Cette revue ava...

Cultural competency may be helpful to police in fighting violent extremism. Perceived cultural competency of security officers may directly affect citizens responses, especially individuals from vulnerable communities. Police often need to depend upon citizens’ cooperation to identify those who may be engaging in activities of violent extremism. Th...

The Canadian Practitioners Network for the Prevention of Radicalization and Extremist Violence (CPN-PREV; https://cpnprev.ca/) has conducted a systematic review on the effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention programs in the field of preventing violent extremism. The goals of this review were threefold: 1) to determine if primary and secon...

L’objectif de cette cartographie est d’identifier les initiatives canadiennes œuvrant dans le domaine de la prévention secondaire et tertiaire en matière de radicalisation et d’extrémisme violent, de les documenter en termes de taille, de structure, de contenu, de modèle, de ressources et de défis et enfin, de les représenter par le biais d’une car...

L’objectif de cette cartographie est d’identifier les initiatives canadiennes œuvrant dans le domaine de la prévention secondaire et tertiaire en matière de radicalisation et d’extrémisme violent, de les documenter en termes de taille, de structure, de contenu, de modèle, de ressources et de défis et enfin, de les représenter par le biais d’une car...

Some groups of women are more vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to particular risks and/or experiences: women with disabilities, elderly women, and immigrant women (DEI). Too often, their reality goes unnoticed, especially for those belonging to more than one of these groups. In this literature review, researchers used an intersecti...

The upsurge in violent radicalization is associated with a global increase in social inequalities and conflicts related to different markers of identity. To date, literature on the factors associated with legitimizing violence toward others is cross-sectional and does not provide information on the possible change of this phenomenon over time. Such...

Objective: The present study examined whether a positive future orientation was linked to lower levels of sympathy for violent radicalization (VR) beyond the contributions of depression among a sample of college students in Quebec, Canada. In addition, we investigated whether these associations varied by gender and levels of depression. Method: A t...

Background: Discrepancies among studies suggest that the relation between social adversity and sympathy for violent radicalization (SVR) is multifaceted and may differ according to social context. This paper examines the role of depression, religiosity and social support in the relation between social adversity (i.e., discrimination and exposure t...

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche évaluant le Service de consultation interculturelle (SCI) du Centre jeunesse de Montréal — Institut universitaire pour l’intervention en contexte de diversité culturelle. Les 30 intervenantes interviewées expriment des besoins variés relatifs à leur compréhension du vécu et de la culture des famill...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare healthcare providers in high-income countries to deal with mental health and psychosocial issues among resettled Syrian refugees. Design/methodology/approach Collaborative work of the authors on a comprehensive review of social context, cultural frameworks and related issues in the mental health and...

L’étude des remaniements identitaires qui accompagnent le vécu des immigrants est particulièrement pertinente au Québec, qui accueille chaque année plus de 48 000 immigrants d’après les chiffres du Ministère de l’Immigration, de la Diversité et de l’Inclusion du Québec (2017). Cette recherche qualitative conduite auprès de sept participants s’intér...

On retrouve un impératif de formation des professionnels des milieux de la santé et de l’éducation dans la plupart des plans de lutte contre la radicalisation violente dont se sont dotés nombre de gouvernements. Peu d’études ont cependant évalué ces formations ou pensé les processus qu’elles mobilisent. À partir de l’analyse qualitative de formatio...

In January 2019, select members of the Canadian Consensus Guidelines (CCGC) and International Consensus Guidelines (ICGC) Committees were invited to take part in a March mega-week, which comprised various conferences and workshops on themes related to preventing and countering violent extremism (PVE). Among these, the Canadian Practitioners Network...

Identity issues have been at the forefront in studies on determinants of youth violent radicalization. Identity uncertainty and identity fusion appear to be associated with quests for meaning, which may find some answers in extremist discourses and radical engagements. This process has been considered to be particularly important for second-generat...

Although structural violence and social inequality affect youth physical and mental health throughout the world,¹ the problem of violent radicalization (VR) has more recently emerged as an area of concern for professionals working with youth. Radicalization is a dynamic, complex process that is generated and fueled by intercommunity frictions and c...

Although working with trauma survivors can be a source of both deleterious and positive transformations in mental health professionals, little is known about the experience of clinicians in shared traumatic contexts, particularly in the Global South, where most humanitarian crises occur. In collective disasters or armed conflicts, the personal and...

En 2015 et en 2016, le Québec accueille plus de 7 583 réfugiés syriens. À la suite de cette arrivée importante, plusieurs écoles se mobilisent pour faciliter l’accueil des nouveaux élèves. Dans ce contexte psychosocial particulier et grâce à une subvention du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada, nous menons une recherche-action int...

This article explores the process by which Western Muslim young adults develop the need to experience an ‘objective’ religious identity. We interviewed 20 Western Muslim young adults born in Montreal, Berlin, and Copenhagen within the age range of 18–25, exploring their religious identity development. The interviews were semi-structured and open-en...

Does social media lead vulnerable individuals to resort to violence? Many people believe it does. And they respond with online censorship, surveillance and counter-speech. But what do we really know about the Internet as a cause, and what do we know about the impact of these reactions? All over the world, governments and Internet companies are maki...

This volume engages human rights, domestic immigration law, refugee policy in the United States, Canada, and Europe, and scholarship to examine forced migration, refugee resettlement, asylum seeker experiences, policies and programs for refugee well-being in North America and Europe. Given the recent "re-politicization" of forced migration and refu...

The relationships between social identities are important when discussing the national and religious identities of Muslims in Western contexts. This study explored the identity narratives of second-generation Muslim young adults to consider the relevance of bicultural identity and acculturation theories commonly employed in research with this group...

The main objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the empirical evidence on how the Internet and social media may, or may not, constitute spaces for exchange that can be favorable to violent extremism. Of the 5,182 studies generated from the searches, 11 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We considered empirical studies...

Ce manuscrit propose une première description d’un travail clinique spécialisé au regard de la radicalisation menant à la violence au Canada. Une équipe clinique multidisciplinaire rattachée à un programme de santé mentale et de soins de première ligne à Montréal offre depuis juillet 2016 un service de consultation spécialisée pour soutenir des par...

Objectives This manuscript provides a first description of a specialized clinical work addressing the radicalization leading to violence phenomenon in Canada. Since July 2016, a multidisciplinary clinical team attached to a mental health and primary care program in Montreal proposes specialized consultations to support partners across Quebec.Method...

p>Violent radicalization is increasingly conceptualized as a public health issue, associated with psychological distress, a sharp increase in discrimination and profiling, and an increase in hate crime and some types of terrorist acts. This brief paper addresses the limitations of the current conceptual models of violent radicalization. Beyond und...

Delivery of effective mental health and psychosocial support programs requires knowledge of existing health systems and socio-cultural context. To respond rapidly to humanitarian emergencies, international organizations often seek to design programs according to international guidelines and mobilize external human resources to manage and deliver pr...

Background Poverty is known as an important determinant of health, but empirical data are still missing on the relationships between poverty, other adverse living conditions, and psychological distress, particularly in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess mental health needs and psychological distress among the poorest in rural settings...

Background National and international humanitarian relief organizsations play an important part in humanitarian crises. There is evidence of lack of coordination between organisations providing health services in public health emergencies. Our objective was to identify published models of coordination between organisations funding or delivering hea...

The exclusion of mentally ill individuals in low income countries recently became acknowledged as a global health priority (Collins et al., 2011), but still little research projects and actions have been conducted in that sense (WB, 2016). In Burkina Faso, the lack of government spending and initiatives still limits the understanding of the mental...

Background While Female Genital Cutting (FGM/C) is a deeply entrenched cultural practice, there is now mounting evidence for a gradual decline in prevalence in a number of geographical areas in Africa and following migration to non-practicing countries. Consequently, there is now a growing number of women with FGM/C who are raising ‘uncut’ daughter...

Few studies explore the impact conversion to Islam has on a Western individual’s social identity configuration. This article focuses on six Western Muslim converts—three from Montreal, two from Berlin, and one from Copenhagen—who experienced difficulties relating to their national identities prior to conversion, exploring how it developed afterward...

Background: Our objective was to identify published models of coordination between entities funding or delivering health services in humanitarian crises, whether the coordination took place during or after the crises. Methods: We included reports describing models of coordination in sufficient detail to allow reproducibility. We also included repo...

Background: Our objective was to identify published models of coordination between entities funding or delivering health services in humanitarian crises, whether the coordination took place during or after the crises. Methods: We included reports describing models of coordination in sufficient detail to allow reproducibility. We also included re...

This paper discusses results from a pilot study conducted in the spring of 2014 among young adults living in Montreal. The main objective of this study was to assess the relation between perception of the Charter of Quebec Values,1 self-identification, perception of intercommunity relations, perceived discrimination, and psychological well-being in...

Objectives: Study results on child maltreatment based on general population samples cannot be extrapolated with confidence to vulnerable immigrant or refugee families because of the specific characteristics and needs of these families. The aims of this paper are 1) to conduct an evidence review of the prevalence, risk factors and protective factor...

Aims. This paper is based on a report commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, which aims to provide information on cultural aspects of mental health and psychosocial wellbeing relevant to care and support for Syrians affected by the crisis. This paper aims to inform mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff of...

In summary, eating disorders are serious disorders that have a major impact on individuals, families, and wider society. Data indicate funding for eating disorders research is inadequate given the size of the problem. Notably, eating disorders are highly stigmatised, more so by men than by women. 12 This stigmatisation could possibly play a part in...

Aboriginal youth are highly overrepresented within the child welfare system. High-risk youth are often placed in out-of-community residential placements. Such residential placements have been described by some as a continuation of colonial practices. Using communication theory as a conceptual model, we propose a qualitative analysis of micro-intera...

In the midst of this enormous humanitarian crisis and unfortunately like so many others around the world, here is the review designed for mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff and humanitarian workers providing assistance to Syrian refugees and displaced people prepared for UNHCR. The report is not only useful for professionals wor...

Effective coordination between organizations, agencies and bodies providing or financing health services in humanitarian crises is required to ensure efficiency of services, avoid duplication, and improve equity. The objective of this review was to assess how, during and after humanitarian crises, different mechanisms and models of coordination bet...

http://www.refworld.org/docid/55f6a8b84.html

International adoption is a relatively recent phenomenon and research in this field is emerging, particularly on issues of ethnic identity development and its implications for psychological adjustment and well-being. This article presents a critical review of the literature on ethnic identity in transracial adoptees as it relates to discrimination...

Discrimination and belonging to two cultures : international adopted adolescents’ negotiation with their identity At adolescence, international adoptees face a twofold identity challenge : the handling of their statuses as both minorities and adoptees. This task may become particularly challenging when adopted minority teenagers experience discrimi...

Les enfants adoptes a l’international sont confrontes a de nombreuses inconnues en ce qui a trait a leur histoire et tout particulierement a leur filiation. Ils doivent alors avoir davantage recours a leur imagination et a une fantasmatique interieure afin de construire leur identite. La presente etude a pour but de mettre en lumiere quelle fonctio...

Few empirical studies have detailed the specificities of working with interpreters in mental healthcare for children. The integration of interpreters in clinical teams in child mental healthcare was explored in two clinics, in Montreal and Paris. Four focus groups were conducted with interpreters and clinicians. Participants described the developme...

La présente recherche visait à documenter des particularités, arrimage et portée des interventions des centres de pédiatrie sociale en communauté (CPSC) implantés dans cinq régions du Québec (Montréal, Gatineau, Lévis, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu et Trois-Rivières). Plus particulièrement, la recherche permet de rendre compte : (axe 1) de l’intégration...

We conducted a systematic review to examine first generation immigrant adolescents' likelihood of experiencing bullying, violence, and suicidal behaviours compared to their later-generation and native born counterparts, and to identify factors that may underlie these risks. Eighteen studies met full inclusion criteria. First generation immigrant ad...

Space in a residence pour inuit youth Around 30% of the Inuits of Nunavik (Quebec) are reported to Child Protective Services. In 2010, a Residence was developed specifically for these youngsters in order to respond to their clinical and cultural needs. The objective of the present study is to explore how youths use this residential space. The resul...

Purpose of review: Violence against women and children is increasingly recognized as an important and urgent public health, social and human rights issue cutting across geographical, socioeconomic and cultural boundaries. There is a large and growing body of literature that demonstrates the negative impact of such violence on the victim's mental a...

Services that are designed by, and for, the host society majority group may be inadequate or inappropriate for ethnic minority or immigrant families. These issues are relevant to cultural consultants who are asked to provide advice to a variety of social service and institutional settings, including youth protection as well as legal and family serv...

Identity building is a complex process located at the crossover between the synchronic dimension of the subject, focussed on the present time (affiliation) and the diachronic dimension, that places the subject in a historical context (filiation). Over and beyond the vertical relationship to parents and to grandparents, one's identity is also built...

This study analyses the roles of collective self-esteem and religiosity in the relationship between discrimination and psychological distress among a sample of 432 recent immigrants from Haiti and Arab countries living in Montreal, Quebec. Collective self-esteem (CSE), religiosity, discriminatory experiences, and psychological symptoms of depressio...

La violence conjugale en contexte de diversité culturelle est un phénomène extrêmement complexe à aborder en prévention comme en intervention en raison de ses multiples composantes et qui demeure mal connu et peu documenté. Ce numéro thématique de la revue Alterstice tente de faire un premier pas pour combler ces multiples lacunes, en offrant un es...

Recognizing and appropriately treating mental health problems among new immigrants and refugees in primary care poses a challenge because of differences in language and culture and because of specific stressors associated with migration and resettlement. We aimed to identify risk factors and strategies in the approach to mental health assessment an...

We compared the evolution of perception of discrimination from 1998 to 2007 among recent Arab (Muslim and non-Muslim) and Haitian immigrants to Montreal; we also studied the association between perception of discrimination and psychological distress in 1998 and 2007. We conducted this cross-sectional comparative research with 2 samples: one recruit...

Résumé Le contexte international, marqué par la mondialisation, est traversé de tensions qui influencent les relations entre les minorités immigrantes et les majorités des pays qui les accueillent. En présentant sommairement les résultats de recherches portant sur le rapport des familles immigrantes à l’adversité qui caractérise ce contexte, cet ar...

Immigrant parents’ and adolescents’ perception of physical discipline: when divergence begets exclusion This research has two main objectives: 1) document, the cultural norms around physical discipline and physical abuse in two samples of recent immigrants from two ethno-cultural minorities; and 2) assess the impact of the divergences perceived bet...

This brief report illustrates how the migration context can affect specific item validity of mental health measures. The SCL-25 was administered to 432 recently settled immigrants (220 Haitian and 212 Arabs). We performed descriptive analyses, as well as Infit and Outfit statistics analyses using WINSTEPS Rasch Measurement Software based on Item Re...

Caribbean and Filipino immigrant families in Canada have much in common: the women have often immigrated as domestic workers, first-generation children may be separated from their parents for long periods, and they must deal with negative stereotypes of their ethnic group. This transcultural study looks at the associations between family relations...

This research documents the cultural norms around physical discipline and physical abuse among immigrant parents and youth, and assesses the impact that perceived divergences in these norms have on the relation between the family and the outer social world. Interviews were conducted with 10 parents and 10 adolescents from North African Arab countri...

This study investigates the prevalence and subtypes of conduct disorder (CD) and behavioral problems among youth in two communities characterized by prolonged parent-child separation upon immigration. CD and problem behaviors were assessed in 252 Caribbean-Canadian and Filipino-Canadian adolescents (12-19-year-old) using the DISC-C, the YSR and the...

This article describes the perceptions of parents and adolescents of physical punishment in relation to family and migratory characteristics. Adolescents and their parents of Caribbean (n=118) and of Filipino (n=136) heritage responded to questions on their attitude toward physical discipline, their family relations, and their socio-demographic and...

The article offers a critical review of the literature on the determinants of adolescent mothers' control behaviours. The reviewed studies, published from 1980 to 2001, and presented in the first section of the article reveal that adolescent mothers' control behaviours are linked to and at times can be predicted by a set of determinants belonging t...

The article offers a critical review of the literature on the determinants of adolescent mothers' control behaviours. The reviewed studies, published from 1980 to 2001, and presented in the first section of the article reveal that adolescent mothers' control behaviours are linked to and at times can be predicted by a set of determinants belonging t...

While many studies of the mental health of immigrants and refugees continue to focus on pre-migration psychopathology and risk factors, the importance of the post-migration environment as a key determinant of mental health in these populations, traditionally considered to be at risk, is becoming increasingly clear (Porter and Haslam, 2005). Globali...

"Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de philosophie doctorat en psychologie clinique option recherche/intervention." Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université de Montréal, 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Université de Montréal, 2003. Includes bibliographical references.