Germán Carnevali

Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán | CICY · Unidad de Recursos Naturales

We explore the phylogenetic position of the Encyclia adenocarpos complex through a multilocus analysis of Encyclia with the following DNA regions: ITS and plastid rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, and ycf1, analyzed under the Bayesian inference and Maximum Parsimony paradigms. We also performed an analysis of reconstruction of ancestral areas, with particular in...

We present the most complete molecular phylogeny to date of the Pithecellobium clade of subfamily Caesalpinioideae. This neotropical group was informally recognised (as the Pithecellobium alliance) at the end of the 20 th century by Barneby and Grimes (1996) and includes five genera and 33 species distributed from the southern United States and Car...

Recent phylogenomic analyses placed Albiziacarbonaria Britton as the sister-group of the two currently known species of Pseudosamanea Harms, clearly outside AlbiziasectionArthrosamanea (Britton & Rose) Barneby & J.W. Grimes where it has until now been included. Its morphological similarities to Pseudosamanea are discussed, including characteristics...

Se presenta un listado florístico de las plantas vasculares de la Península de Yucatán Mexicana (PYM), conformada por los estados mexicanos de Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatán. El listado incluye todos los taxones (familias, géneros, especies, rangos subespecíficos e híbridos naturales) conocidos por los autores que crecen naturalmente en la región...

Independent evolutionary lineages or species that lack phenotypic variation as an operative criterion for their delimitation are known as cryptic species. However, these have been delimited using other data sources and analysis. The aims of this study are: (1) to evaluate the divergence of the populations of the T. ionantha complex; and (2) to deli...

We studied the rupicolous and dioecious species of Bakerantha (Bromeliaceae) that grow as narrow endemics in central-eastern Mexico. We aimed to describe the spatio-temporal framework in which Bakerantha and its species originated using a phylogeographic and population genetics approach. We carried out population genetics analyses on 29 populations...

A new species of Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae), H. yucatana, is described, discussed, and iconographically documented based on material from Yucatan state, Mexico. The species is known from a few small ponds along a narrow strip of dry forests and shrublands over limestone outcrops and derived soils along the northwestern edge of the Yucatan Penins...

Clowesia is a relatively small Neotropical genus of Orchidaceae sister to the much larger Catasetum. A hypothesis of internal relationships was proposed in the 1990s, based solely on morphological and life history characters, which so far has not been robustly tested, which is done herein. The genus encompasses seven formally described species; her...

A taxonomic revision of the Central American genus Mesoamerantha I. Ramírez & K. Romero is here presented. Each species entry includes full nomenclature, a morphological description, distributional and phenological data, a discussion of affinities, illustrations, and a conservation assessment following IUCN guidelines. In addition, epitypes are pro...

Background: Hechtioideae is a group of Bromeliaceae that is distributed in Megamexico III. In recent years, evolutionary relationships within this lineage have been studied; however, the biogeography of these plants have not yet been explored from a phylogenetic framework. The integration of geographic and phylogenetic information in the evolutiona...

Bakerantha is one of three genera of subfamily Hechtioideae (Bromeliaceae). This genus was reestablished recently, and currently contains four species (B. caerulea, B. lundelliorum, B. purpusii, and B. tillandsioides), which are distributed throughout the central region of Mexico. Bakerantha tillandsioides has the widest geographical distribution o...

Gonolobus is reassessed in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). The genus consists of seven taxa in the area: six species and two subspecies. These include a taxon that we propose here as a new species and the treatment of G. yucatanensis as a subspecies of G. stenanthus and the new combination G. stenanthus subsp. yucatanensis is proposed...

Here we report two species as new for Mexico, G. arundinis and G. sobralioides, and discuss the report of G. batemanii for the state of Tabasco. A discussion of possible diagnostic characters of this genus and a key to the Mexican species also are presented.

An assessment of the extinction risk of the endemic plants from the Yucatán Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP) was performed based on distributional data (B criteria of the IUCN) using the GeoCAT tool. The YPBP is located in southeastern Mexico and comprises the Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán, and the northernmost portion of Be...

Weeds are plants adapted to habitats modified by people and that often interfere with different human activities. These plants constitute an economically and ecologically relevant group because of their implications for agriculture. Because the agrestal weeds of the state of Colima, Mexico have been poorly documented, we surveyed these plants in co...

Background and Aims: Lysiloma is a Neotropical genus in the Fabaceae family that comprises eight species, six of which are widely distributed in Mexico, and two more that occur in the Antilles and Florida. Lysiloma is frequent in Megamexico’s dry forests. A previous phylogenetic study included three species of Lysiloma and Hesperalbizia occidentali...

Maxillaria purpureo-nigra Zambrano, Carnevali & Solano, a new species recently collected in Southwestern Ecuador is described and illustrated. Information concerning its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status is provided. The new taxon is a member of Maxillaria sect. Rufescens, and it is compared with morphologically similar spec...

A new species of Lophiaris (Orchidaceae, Onciidinae), Lophiaris quichensis Coxic, Cetzal, Mó & Carnevali, from the department of Quiché, Guatemala, is herein described, illustrated, and characterized based on morphological features. It is here referred to the L. straminea complex (along with L. aurisasinorum, L. sierracaracolensis, and L. straminea...

We describe and illustrate a new nothospecies in the genus Laelia: L. × meavei Cetzal & E.A. Pérez-García. This new taxon is most likely the result of the introgression between Laelia rubescens fo. peduncularis and L. dawsonii fo. dawsonii. The description of L. × meavei is based on cultivated plants coming from a single locality: Sola de Vega, Oax...

The identity of Epidendrum sclerocladium, currently referable to Encyclia, is clarified with the recent collection of material unambiguously referable to this entity. In addition, we provide a new name in Encyclia for this taxon, E. rhizomatosa Tamayo-Cen, Carnevali & G.A.Romero, because the current combination, E. sclerocladia (Lindl. ex Rchb.f.)...

Androlepis najarroi (Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae), a third dioecious species identified in the subfamily, is proposed as new from the Chiapas Highlands and Veracruzan biogeographical provinces, southern Megamexico. The novelty is superficially similar to Aechmea lueddemanniana but features characteristics of Androlepis, such as unisexual flowers an...

A new species of Cyrtopodium from Belize, C. vestitum, is described and illustrated. Its flowers are indistinguishable from those of Cyrtopodium macrobulbon, but the pseudobulbs are relatively shorter and thicker, ovoid ellipsoid, bearing proportionately more, densely packed internodes, and the leaves do not present an articulation, i.e., an abscis...

The taxonomic treatment of the 18 species composing the Tillandsia utriculata L. complex s.l. is presented. A description and a diagnosis of the group are provided, as well as two artificial keys to species, each emphasizing characters from living plants or from exsiccatae, respectively. Complete taxonomic information is given, including taxonomic...

The most recent phylogenetic analyses using molecular and morphological data of Hechtioideae revealed the presence of three well-supported, morphologically distinct clades related to each other as follows: (Hechtia tillandsioides complex [Hechtia guatemalensis complex (Hechtia s.s.)]). (1) H. tillandsioides complex is recognized here at the generic...

Five new natural hybrids of Lophiaris (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) are described and their accompanying illustrations provided. The five new nothospecies are: Lophiaris 3 cicyi (L. lurida 3 L. tapiae) from Campeche, Mexico, L. 3 lindeoerstedii (L. lindenii 3 L. oerstedii) from Quintana Roo, Mexico, L. 3 lurilindenii (L. lindenii 3 L. lurida) from Oaxa...

This is the first phylogenetic analysis of the Megamexican Bromeliaceae genus Hechtia and includes 82.6 % of the known taxa. We used plastid (ycf1, rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer), and nuclear (PRK) DNA regions, as well as morphological characters. We generated 244 new sequences for a total of 62 taxa (including 12 species of the outgroup). Results o...

A synopsis of the Encyclia ambigua complex, a member of the E. ceratistes clade, is presented. It is composed of three species, namely E. ambigua, E. trachychila, and E. dressleri. These taxa are restricted to the southern part of Megamexico in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua and occur mostly in oak-pine or broadleaf evergreen forests, o...

The new species of genus Epidendrum

Se contribuye al conocimiento de la diversidad florística de la familia Orchidaceae presente en el sistema fluvio-lagunar-deltaico Palizada-del Este (SFLD-PE) a partir de los datos obtenidos de 15 recolectas realizadas en 10 sitios, durante agosto 2013 a febrero 2014. El listado incluye 27 especies en 17 géneros. Ocho especies son nuevos registros...

Background: Vanilla planifolia, a threatened species, is distributed naturally in semi-deciduous and evergreen rain forests of southeastern Mexico and parts of Central America. In the wild, it is difficult to diagnose from another sympatric Vanilla species, and individuals with reproductive structures are usually required. Questions: Can ISSR disc...

Background: Vanilla planifolia, a threatened species, is distributed naturally in semi-deciduous and evergreen rain forests of southeastern Mexico and parts of Central America. In the wild, it is difficult to diagnose from another sympatric Vanilla species, and individuals with reproductive structures are usually required. Questions: Can ISSR discr...

Marsdenia (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae, Marsdeniae) is represented by five species in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula (vs. seven in the whole of the province), one of which is herein proposed as new to science. The new species, Mardenia calichicola Carnevali & Juárez-Jaimes, is only known from a narrow strip of sub-xerophytic forests over calcareous...

We discuss a group of four species from the Venezuelan Guayana, two of them closely related to Anathallis nanifolia (based on Pleurothallis nanifolia). These two species, Pleurothallis deborana and P. pemonum, were erroneously placed in the synonymy of Anathallis holstii (based on Pleurothallis holstii). We propose new combinations in Anathallis fo...

A new species of Encyclia from Mexico, E. inopinata, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to E. diota but it can be distinguished by its usually more robust plants with 2–3 leaves per pseudobulb and its flowers with longer and narrower sepals (1.8±0.1 × 0.63±0.03 cm in E. inopinata versus 1.48 ±0.14 × 0.65±0.06 cm in E. diota) and...

div class="page" title="Page 1"> El siguiente ensayo dio inicio cuando uno de los autores (G.C.) localizó un ejemplar no identificado de Epidendrum de Guyana en el herbario del Smithsonian (US). El ejemplar fue trasladado en prés- tamo a AMES y luego de un breve análisis llegamos a la conclusión de que era muy parecido a una especie que John Lindl...

A new species of Kefersteinia (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae), K. carolorum, from the state of Tachira, Venezuela, is herein described, illustrated, and characterized based on morphological features. Kefersteinia carolorum is similar to K. lactea from Costa Rica, but it differs in the non-resupinate flowers and the longer callus. The labellum in the u...

We present a revision of all the species and available names of Eriopsis, a long misinterpreted genus of Orchidaceae described by John Lindley in 1847. A new species from the Venezuelan Guayana, E. escalerensis, is described and illustrated. An additional species from the Andes is circumscribed morphologically and geographically, but it remains und...

Abstract— Three Neotropical orchid species, Mormolyca dodsonii , Mormolyca cruentata , and Mormolyca prunina are described on the basis of molecular and morphological characters. Phylogenetic relationships are estimated using sequence data from five plastid loci (rpoC1, matK gene and flanking trnK intron, atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, and the 3′ por...

div class="page" title="Page 1"> Se describe una nueva especie de Epidendrum, E. paruimense , y se reportan tres especies adi- cionales de Orchidaceae para la flora de Guyana: Encyclia conchaechila, Epidendrum urichianum y Masdevallia vargasii . Un reporte de Baskervilla venezuelana de las Guayanas fue erróneamente basado en un ejemplar indudablem...

Two new species of Encyclia are proposed, E. silverarum and E. parkeri. Both species belong in the Encyclia chloroleuca complex, conformed also by E. chloroleuca, E. elegantula, and E. peraltensis, among others. Encyclia silverarum is known only from Panama. This species is very similar to Encyclia chloroleuca, but it is distinguished by the color...

Three new species of Hechtia from the Mexican State of Oaxaca are herein proposed as new: Hechtia flexilifolia, H. huamelulaensis, and H. nivea, from the physiogeographical provinces of Mixteca Alta, Costas del Sur, and Sierras Centrales de Oaxaca respectively. All three species are described and illustrated. Iconography provided features plants in...

A new natural hybrid between Prosthechea cochleata and P. radiata (Orchidaceae, Laeliinae) from the central part of Guatemala, P. × chixoyensis Mó & Cetzal, is herein described, illustrated and characterized based on the morphological characters. The new nothospecies is most similar to P. cochleata but the petals are proportionally broader and the...

Lophiaris silverarum Carnevali & Cetzal, known from two localities in central Panama, is herein proposed as a new species. It is related to L. crispiflora and L. carthagenensis from which it is easily distinguished by its larger flowers of a straw-yellow color with many laxly arranged, non-confluent reddish-brown spots. The new species is described...

A species de Cohniella Pfitzer (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae, Trichocentrum-clade), C. amazonica Cetzal & Carnevali in the Cohniella ascendens complex, from Amazonas, Venezuela, is herein newly described, illustrated, and characterized based on morphological characters. The new taxon is similar to C. nuda, from which is different by the subquadrate-oblo...

Calliandra ricoana, a new species of Leguminosae (Mimosoideae, Ingeae), from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Critical examination of C. ricoana in comparison with members of Calliandra section Androcallis, series Macrophyllae shows that it is morphologically similar and presumably closely related to C. macqueenii and C....

Comparative foliar anatomy and systematics of the Trichocentrum-clade with emphasis in Cohniella (Asparagales: Orchidaceae). The genera Cohniella, Lophiarella, Lophiaris, and Trichocentrum are included in the Trichocentrum-clade. These genera are distributed from Florida and Northern Mexico to Southern Brazil and Northern Argentina, growing in trop...

Calliandra ricoana, anew species of Leguminosae (Mimosoideae, Ingeae), from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Critical examination of C. ricoana in comparison with members of Calliandra section Androcallis, series Macrophyllae shows that it is morphologically similar and presumably closely related to C. macqueenii and C. t...

Notes on Cleistes tenuis are presented, including a detailed description, distribution, and herbarium records. This species is particularly interesting because flowers at full anthesis and preserved in alcohol differ so dramatically from those drawn based on herbarium material and descriptions in the literature, that “two species” easily could be d...

A putative natural hybrid between Cohniella ascendens and C. brachyphylla (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) from western Costa Rica, C. ×francoi, is herein newly described, illustrated and characterized based upon both morphological and anatomical characters. This taxon hybrid is most similar to C. ascendens but the flowers show intermediate characters bet...

There are 26 phylogenetic studies for Bromeliaceae based on different sources of evidence. Despite this broad phylogenetic coverage of Bromeliaceae, however, the available phylogenetic data display a scattered sampling, with little overlap among different types of evidence. The aim of this study is to integrate the available phylogenetic informatio...

Se describen e ilustran dos nuevas orquídeas en la tribu Cranichideae colectadas en el contexto del proyecto “Flora de orquídeas de los estados Amazonas y Bolívar, Venezuela”. Ligeophila gavilanensis (subtribu Goodyerinae) es similar a L. unicornis pero difiere por sus hojas más anchas (1.75—2.90 versus 0.93—1.50 cm), angostamente elípticas hasta o...

A revision of the Cohniella cebolleta complex from northern South America and the Lesser Antilles is presented. Five species are recognized in this complex. As circumscribed here, Cohniella cebolleta is restricted to northern Colombia and northern Venezuela. We describe and illustrate a new species, Cohniella macrocebolleta, endemic to eastern Vene...

We document an orchid species not previously reported or illustrated for the flora of Venezuela, Veyretia szlachetkoana, collected in the context of the project ″Flora de orquĺdeas de los estados Amazonas y Bolivar, Venezuela. ″ The genus Veyretia is briefly discussed, herbarium specimens of V. szlachetkoana are cited, and field diagnostic characte...

We demonstrate, through separate and combined phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, nucleotide sequences, and coded gaps of two DNA regions (plastid rpl32-trnL and nrDNA-ITS) using parsimony and Bayesian inference, that Lophiarella (Orchidaceae), as originally circumscribed, is polyphyletic. We re-circumscribe the genus to exclude one...

Cryptocentrum beckendorfii (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae) is described and illustrated from a single cultivated plant of unknown provenance, but reputedly from the Amazonian slopes of Andean Peru, in Cuzco state. This species is phenetically related to C. pseudobulbosum, also from the Amazonian slopes of the Andes, with which it shares a sympodial gr...