Gerhard Schmalz

Verified

Gerhard verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

Verified

Gerhard verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

• Professor
• Head of Department at Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane

Purpose This study aimed to identify the high-risk group for root caries using unsupervised machine learning and to explore the associated factors. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study included 423 adults aged 65 to 74 years, surveyed in 2021. Clusters representing root caries risk were identified using k-prototypes clustering, with the...

Background: While the relationship between recent dental treatment and the development of endocarditis is largely undisputed, the relationship between poor dental status and the development of infective endocarditis has not yet been proven beyond doubt. We have therefore analyzed this hypothetical connection using our established endocarditis regis...

Despite its benefits, hypnosis remains underutilized in dental practice, largely due to misconceptions. This study assessed its use and perception among dentists in German-speaking countries. A validated questionnaire was distributed to a total of 1,081 members of hypnosis societies in Germany, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein, yielding 271 replies (...

This study aimed at an initial validation of the Working Alliance Inventory for Education (WAI-EDU), an instrument to assess student–teacher relationship (STR). The WAI-EDU was derived from the original Working Alliance Inventory to fit the context of higher education. Following a pre-test, the tool was applied to two different study settings. In t...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly affecting hospitalized patients worldwide. Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, although primarily impacted by functional impairment and sometimes structural damage to joints, bones, and muscle tissue, may also develop AKI during the course of their disease. This narrative review aimed to summariz...

Objective This study aimed to assess the experience of orofacial injuries and sports mouthguard use in German elite athletes. Design A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Setting The data were collected at the Institute of Applied Training Science (IAT, Leipzig, Germany) that provides regular primary care for elite athletes....

Background Aim of this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was to compare self-efficacy, social support, oral hygiene-related self-efficacy (OHRSE) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between patients under chronic hemodialysis (HD) and patients after kidney transplantation (KTx) as well as a healthy comparison group (HC). Metho...

Objectives The aim of this study was to detect trends and related factors in the functional dentition (FD) in 65- to 74-year-olds in Guangdong, China, while also assessing trends in education and income inequality factors. Materials and methods Three large-scale cross-sectional National Oral Health Surveys (NOHS), specifically NOHS II in 1995, NOH...

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of pre-existing computed tomography (CT) examinations for the detection of dental pathologies compared with clinical dental examination in patients with end-stage heart failure. Methods: For this purpose, 59 patients with end-stage heart failure and pre-existing non-dental CT images of t...

Objective This study is aimed to investigate the causal relationship between plasma proteins and oral cancer risk using two-sample MR (Mendelian randomization). Methods Summary-level GWAS (genome-wide association study) data on plasma protein levels (4,907 proteins) and oral cancer (6,034 cases, 6,585 controls) of European ancestry were utilized....

Trotz limitierter Evidenz für eine präoperative zahnärztliche Screeninguntersuchung und bedarfsgerechter Fokussanierung, sowie der Notwendigkeit einer Antibiotikaprophylaxe vor invasiven zahnärztlichen Eingriffen, ist und bleibt Mundgesundheit ein relevantes Thema in der Endoprothetik. Der Aspekt der Mundgesundheit sollte auch zukünftig im Zusammen...

Background: Reflection on both student and teacher perspectives is crucial for effective communication and professional relationships during education. Objectives: This observational cohort study aimed to compare students' self-assessment with teacher assessments, as well as with estimated self-assessment and estimated teacher-assessment, using the...

Background Self-assessment and self-reflection of competencies are crucial skills for undergraduate students. This monocentric cross-sectional study aims to assess the self-perceived knowledge, skills and interests in conservative dentistry and periodontology of third-, fourth-, and fifth-year dental students by the Pictorial Representation of Illn...

Background This research aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects and underlying genetic mechanisms of herbal medicine Triphala (TRP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The target genes of Triphala (TRP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were identified, and subsequent functional enrichment analysis was conducted to determine...

Background: Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, hydrogen-rich water has been used to reduce inflammatory responses in many inflammatory diseases. However, its efficacy in treating peri-implantitis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of hydrogen-rich water in reducing inflammatory responses in experimental...

The oral cavity and, in particular, potential oral foci might pose a risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of this cohort study was to determine whether practical preoperative dental screening would reduce the prevalence of early PJI in the first month after surgery. Patients attending a specialized endoprosthesis implantation clini...

Abstract The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) undergo intense osteogenic differentiation, which is a crucial mechanism in bone formation. Evidence from prior studies suggested an association between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. But, precise roles and molecular mechanisms are still la...

Objectives Aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate whether oral health parameters would be associated with infection-related parameters and overall survival of patients with severe heart failure (HF). Methods Patients with severe HF, heart transplantation (HTx) and left-ventricular assist device (LVAD), which underwent a full oral e...

The aim of this cross-sectional study was the evaluation of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with depression or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison with a group of mentally healthy individuals. Patients from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Germany, were rec...

Background: Periodontits (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are both associated with ageing and clinical studies increasingly evidence their association. However, specific mechanisms underlying this association remain undeciphered, and immune-related processes are purported to play a signifcant role. The accrual of publicly available transcriptomic...

The effectiveness of a universal adhesive applied in three application modes for the preparation of Class V composite restorations was evaluated both clinically and by quantitative marginal analysis (QMA) over 36 months. In 50 patients, three (n = 21) or four (n = 29) non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) were restored with Venus® Diamond Flow (Kulze...

Background Aim of the current study was the assessment of risk classes according to a previously established system to classify the anamnesis-related risk of complications and of oral diseases in a cohort of patients attending the dental student course for dental preventive measures. Methods Patients attending the student course between April 2020...

The aim of this study was to assess, whether patients prior to endoprosthesis (EP) visit their dentist for need-oriented therapy and whether this would be associated with the occurrence of complications. Based on a cohort of patients, which was orally investigated prior to EP surgery between 04/2020 and 12/2021, a telephone interview was performed...

Aims Periprosthetic infections are a severe complication, causing enormous morbidity. The role of oral diseases in the development of such infections has been discussed controversially, showing a large discrepancy between prevalence of oral foci and infections of endoprostheses (EP). This narrative review aimed in explaining and discussing two hypo...

Ageing is an inevitable aspect of life and thus successful ageing is an important focus of recent scientific efforts. The biological process of ageing is mediated through the interaction of genes with environmental factors, increasing the body’s susceptibility to insults. Elucidating this process will increase our ability to prevent and treat age-r...

This prospective observational study had two aims: (I) to assess whether a preoperative dental screening before endoprosthesis (EP) implantation with need-based dental intervention would decrease the prevalence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and (II) to evaluate whether instructed orthopedic surgeons would achieve similar results in oral s...

Periodontitis and chronic kidney failure (CKF) are potentially related to each other. This bioinformatics analysis aimed at the identification of potential cross-talk genes and related pathways between periodontitis and CKF. Based on NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), datasets GSE10334, GSE16134, and GSE23586 were extracted for periodontitis. A di...

Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are repeatedly affected by oral diseases or complaints, including xerostomia, periodontitis and dental caries. The aim of this systematic review was the evaluation of caries prevalence and/or incidence in patients with RA. Within this review, there is a systematic search of the literature based on P...

Background Periodontits (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are both associated with ageing and clinical studies increasingly evidence their association. However, specific mechanisms underlying this association remain undeciphered, and immune-related processes are purported to play a signifcant role. The accrual of publically available transcriptomic...

Objectives: Oral health-related behaviors in hemodialysis patients are reduced, potentially leading to adverse consequences. The aim of the present study was to evaluate dental cleaning behavior (DCB) and related factors among hemodialysis patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Sanandaj city, in the west of Iran in 2022...

This systematic review focuses on the different study protocols on CoQ10 as an adjunct in non-surgical periodontitis therapy. The study protocol was developed following PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021156887). A sensitive search up to January 2022 considered MEDLINE via PubMed and Web of Science, Embase, Web of Science Cor...

Patients under renal replacement therapy (RRT) often show oral problems, including dry mouth, periodontal and dental diseases. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the caries burden in patients on RRT. Therefore, a systematic literature search based on the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was performed by two independent individuals...

Objectives This cross-sectional survey aimed to evaluate the oral health behaviour of patients prior to endoprosthesis (EP), as well as the handling of oral health topics by German orthopaedic surgeons. Materials and methods Consecutive patients prior to EP answered a questionnaire regarding oral health behaviour, oral hygiene, oral complaints and...

Recently, there has been intense discussion about sports dentistry and potential interactions between oral health and athletes’ performance. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature about oral inflammation in sports. For this purpose, it presents the most common types of oral inflammation (gingiviti...

Objectives To compare Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM) and a numeric scale for self-reflection in dental students. Methods Fourth year dental students were randomly assigned to each receive one interview based on PRISM or a numeric scale to self-assess their competencies at the beginning (t1), the middle (t2) and the en...

Objectives Aim of this cross-sectional study was the assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), oral health behaviour and oral health status in patients before hip and knee endoprosthesis (EP) surgery. Moreover, associations between OHRQoL, HRQoL and oral health should be examined. Methods Co...

Objective: To identify the genetic linkage mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) and periodontitis, and explore the role of immunology in the crosstalk between both these diseases. Methods: The gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets associated with whole blood tissue of PD patients and gingival tissue of periodontitis patients were obtaine...

Intense physical stress, such as that in ultramarathon running, affects the immune system. For monitoring in sports medicine, non-invasive methods, e.g., salivary analysis, are of interest. This pilot cohort study aimed to assess changes in salivary parameters in response to an ultramarathon. The results were compared to blood parameters. Male, hea...

Background: This in vitro study was designed to compare the assessment of carious root surfaces using laser fluorescence or visual assessment and µCT. Methods: A total of 107 extracted human teeth were included in the study. For the subsequent assessment, a clinical evaluation according to Ekstrand and Nyvad criteria, laser fluorescence measurem...

Objective: To identify the genetic linkage mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease and periodontitis, and explore the role of immunology in the crosstalk between both these diseases. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets associated with whole blood tissue of Parkinson’s disease patients and gingival tissue of periodontitis patients...

Objectives This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study aimed in the evaluation of oral hygiene and oral health behavior, periodontal complaints and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in pregnant women in southwest-Saxony, Germany. Materials and methods Consecutive patients attending the clinics for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich-...

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant health problem and related to poor long-term outcomes, indicating more research to be done to deeply understand the underlying pathways. Objective: This current study aimed in the assessment of the viral- (especially human papilloma virus [HPV]) and carcinogen-driven head...

The indications of vital pulp therapy (VPT) are expanding, which cases are suitable for VPT, and how to improve the success rate of VPT is a problem that often bothers us. The main purpose of VPT is to eliminate pulpitis by promoting the formation of reparative dentin or calcium bridge, so that it can continue to perform various physiological funct...

This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to explore interactions between signs of periodontal inflammation and systemic parameters in athletes. Members of German squads with available data on sports medical and oral examination were included. Groups were divided by gingival inflammation (median of papillary bleeding index, PBI ≥ median) and s...

Abstract Background A comprehensive medical history is needed to establish and ensure a high standard in dental care; however, it is challenging to draw clinical consequences on the variety of potential diseases and medications, especially for dental students. Aim of this observational study was to investigate, whether undergraduate dental students...

Objectives: Aim of this systematic review was to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: This systematic literature search applied the search terms "oral health-related quality of life AND osteoarthritis of jaw OR arthritis of temporomandibular jo...

Objectives: PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure) is a simple visual tool that has been successfully used as a visual metaphor in medicine. In this pilot study, PRISM was used for the first time to test its potential to support self-reflection and expectations of learning in dental students. Methods: Dental student volunte...

Background: PRISM is a novel approach to support self-reflection and learning appraisal in dental students, based on a visual metaphor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PRISM measurments would be reproducible and sensitive to detect learning progress in undergraduate dental students in their clinical years. Methods: Voluntarily part...

Aim This study aims to identify pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs), their functional immune characteristics, and distinct pyroptosis-related clusters in periodontitis. Methods Differentially expressed (DE)-PRGs were determined by merging the expression profiles of GSE10334, GSE16134, and PRGs obtained from previous literatures and Molecular Signature...

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional cohort study was to evaluate a comprehensive dental examination and referral concept for patients prior to endoprosthesis (EP) implantation in an interdisciplinary setting. Methods: Patients, who were prepared for EP surgery in the clinic for orthopaedics, were referred to the dental clinic for a dental...

This cross-sectional study aimed to compare clinical oral conditions as well as the self-reported oral health status of biathletes and cross-country skiers (A) to age- and gender-matched non-athletic controls (C). Thirty-one A and 68 C were examined in 2020 regarding caries experience (DMF-T), partially erupted wisdom teeth, non-carious tooth wear...

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional cohort study was to evaluate a comprehensive dental examination and referral concept for patients prior to endoprosthesis (EP) implantation in an interdisciplinary setting. Methods: Patients, who were prepared for EP surgery in the clinic for orthopaedics, were referred to the dental clinic for a dental ex...

Background The aim of this study was to detect potential crosstalk genes, pathways and immune cells between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Chronic periodontitis (CP, GSE156993) and COPD (GSE42057, GSE94916) datasets were downloaded. Differential expressed genes (DEGs; p < 0.05) were assessed and screened fo...

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the direct impact of different agents for immunosuppressive therapy on mouse fibroblasts as a possible cause of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). Methods: 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were cultivated in cell-specific media (2 × 104 cells/mL) and treated for 6, 24, 48 and 72 h with one of three imm...

Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate viruses’ stabilities on manual toothbrushes using feline coronavirus (FeCoV) as representative of coronaviruses and an Avian influenza A virus H1N1 for influenza viruses. Material and methods Two viruses, FeCoV (Strain Munich; titer 107.5 TCID50/ml) and H1N1 (RE 230/90; titer 106.5 TCID5...

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the application of Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM) in educating patients regarding oral health before endoprosthesis (EP). Methods: The study consisted of two parts: (I) a cross-sectional study, where patients received a PRISM interview, oral health briefing and oral examination...

Purpose: To compare a self-etch and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive in terms of internal and marginal composite-tooth bond failure separately on enamel and dentin/cement at 36-48 months after restoration placement using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods: Twenty-seven patients with two or three class V composite restora...

Aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the development of root caries lesions with and without (adjuvant) professional prevention treatment over 24 months. 20 participants with two or three non-cavitated root carious lesions were included ( n = 52), whereby lesions were randomly assigned to one out of three groups depending on varnish...

Für eine zeitgemäße und patientenzentrierte zahnmedizinische Versorgung, ist die Erfassung der Patientenperspektive, in Form von sogenannten Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) essenziell. Hierzu hat sich die Mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (MLQ) als multidimensionales Modell etabliert. Die Mundgesundheitssituation bzw. der Versorgungszustand k...

Purpose: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate oral health status (dental, periodontal and functional) and oral health behavior in young German athletes including the comparison of competitive (CA) and amateur sports (AA). Methods: Data of CA (German national teams, perspective and youth squads) and AA aged between 18 and 30...

Objectives: Aim of this systematic review was to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients after stroke. Methods: The systematic literature search was performed on December 2021 based on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, with the search terms: “oral health-related quality of life” AND stroke OR apoplexy OR ischemi...

Background: The human antimicrobial peptide defensin beta 1 (DEFB1) has been found to play antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory roles in oral diseases; however, its tumor-regulating role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not yet been researched by using an integrative bioinformatics approach. Objective: To investigate the regulating mech...

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral opportunistic bacterium that can cause different infections. In recent years, studies have shown that F. nucleatum is enriched in lesions in periodontal diseases, halitosis, dental pulp infection, oral cancer, and systemic diseases. Hence, it can promote the development and/or progression of these conditions...

Objectives To evaluate a universal adhesive clinically using FDI criteria and by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods In 50 patients, three or four non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) were restored with composite (Venus® Diamond Flow, Kulzer) using iBond® Universal (iBU, Kulzer) applied in self-etch (iBU-SE, n=50), selective-enamel-etch (iB...

Objective: This study aimed to identify the programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1, also termed CD274)-positively correlated immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and determine the immune subtypes of CD274-centered ICGs combinations in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Firstly, 95 ICGs obtained via literature review were identified in t...

„E-Zigarette, Tabakerhitzer, Nikotinbeutel & Co. – Bedeutung und Konsequenzen für die zahnmedizinische Betreuung“: Zu diesem Thema diskutierten Experten aus Zahnmedizin, Medizin und Suchtforschung auf Einladung des Springer Medizin Verlags die aktuellen Empfehlungen von Fachgesellschaften sowie mögliche alternative Konzepte zur Schadensminimierung...

Background: Aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed based on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus, using the search terms: "oral health-related quality of life" AND “respiratory disease”...

Objective. This study investigated the nature of shared transcriptomic alterations in PBMs from periodontitis and atherosclerosis to unravel molecular mechanisms underpinning their association. Methods. Gene expression data from PBMs from patients with periodontitis and those with atherosclerosis were each downloaded from the GEO database. Differ...

Background This in vitro study aimed to assess carious lesions on root surfaces using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) and to compare the readings with axial lesion depth on µCT. Methods The root surfaces of 107 extracted human teeth were included after visual-tactile inspection. For further analysis, the following parameters were ass...

Background This bioinformatics study aimed to reveal potential cross-talk genes, related pathways, and transcription factors between periimplantitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The datasets GSE33774 (seven periimplantitis and eight control samples) and GSE106090 (six periimplantitis and six control samples) were included from the Nation...

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether there would be an association between periodontal disease parameters and positive bacterial findings at the driveline of patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Patients with an LVAD, who underwent a full oral and microbiological examination between 2016 and 2018, were in...

Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart failure (HF). Material and methods Seventy-four patients with LVAD were recruited from University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Germany. A group of 72...

Parodontale und periimplantäre Erkrankungen sind primär biofilmbedingt. Hierbei fördert eine Verschiebung des ökologischen Gleichwichts hin zu heterogenen und komplexen Biofilmen aus potenziell pathogenen Bakterien die Erkrankungsentstehung und -progression. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt in der Therapie vornehmlich eine zielgerichtete, ursachenbez...

This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an adjuvant chlorhexidine–fluoride varnish (Cervitec F) for prevention and arrest of root caries on elderly participants using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). 23 participants with two or three non-cavitated root carious lesions were included and assigned to three groups of different...

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate potential associations between periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and tooth loss with disease-related parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Patients who attended the Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Unive...

Background This cross-sectional study aimed in the comparison of periodontal parameters, number of remaining teeth and oral behaviour between patients with ischemic- (ICM) and non-ischemic dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Patients with HF from the Department for Cardiac Surgery at the Heart Center Leipzig were included. The two groups (ICM a...

Background: The mechanisms through which immunosuppressed patients bear increased risk and worse survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are unclear. Here, we used deep learning to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying immunosuppression in the survival of OSCC patients, especially from the aspect of various survival-related subtypes...

Objective: To investigate the genetic crosstalk mechanisms that link periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Background: Periodontitis, a common oral infectious disease, is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and considered a putative contributory factor to its progression. However, a comprehensive investigation of potential shared genet...

Background Periodontitis is a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Its pathogenesis involves a dysregulated local host immune response that is ineffective in combating microbial challenges. An integrated investigation of genes involved in mediating immune response suppression in...