Gérard Panczer

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Claude Bernard University Lyon 1

Fleury Richard was a colorist painter of the early 19th century. He practiced the oil technique inspired by the Renaissance at a time when advances in chemistry were introducing many new synthetic pigments. His color-mixing cabinet has been kept intact at the Musée des Beaux Arts de Lyon. This original study is based on the analysis of more than 40...

Philosophy established as principle of things: Water or abyss, dry substance or atoms or earth, spirit or air, and in the fourth place, light; Because these elements distinguished each other in the fact that they cannot exchange their nature but that all-here more, there less, here some of them only-meet and combine in a pleasant manner. Giordano B...

Raman, FTIR, XRD, SEM of kaolinite, anatase, halloysite, alunite

The book of hours examined for this study is an illuminated Renaissance masterpiece: a small prayer book bound in enamelled gold and gemstones that was bought in 1538 by King Francis I of France as a probable gift for his niece. In 2018, it was acquired by the Louvre Museum (Paris, France) from S. J. Phillips Ltd in London, and its nearly complete...

L’idée que les Juifs orthodoxes ashkénazes sont associés au monde du diamant est bien ancrée dans la conscience collective. Le corolaire est que l’association diamants - Juifs - riches, génère beaucoup de fantasmes. Or, ce sont des Juifs séfarades, expulsés d’Espagne et du Portugal, dénommés les « Portugais », qui sont, entre autres, à l’origine du...

Soil collapse remains a major issue affecting structural foundations, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones where humidification is a key factor contributing to the collapse. Much research has been devoted to identifying treatment methods which enhance the stability and load-bearing capacity of this type of soil. This paper investigates the pote...

La bague de George Sand évoquée dans son autobiographie Histoire de ma vie en 1855 a fait l’objet d’une analyse gemmologique au musée de la Vie Romantique à Paris. Léguée par Aurore Lauth-Sand, petite fille de George Sand, au musée Carnavalet en 1923, le bijou est présenté lors de la célèbre exposition Dix siècles de joaillerie au musée du Louvre e...

The fish-to-tetrapod transition-followed later by terrestrialization-represented a major step in vertebrate evolution that gave rise to a successful clade that today contains more than 30,000 tetrapod species. The early tetrapod Ichthyostega was discovered in 1929 in the Devonian Old Red Sandstone sediments of East Greenland (dated to approximately...

A new deposit of grey-blue sapphires has been discovered in Iran located away from the city of Hamadan at the border with the Iranian Kurdistan. These sapphires are associated with the Alvand pegmatitic formation which is closely related to regional magmatic rocks saturated with aluminum, thus explaining the crystallization of corundum [1]. They ha...

Turquoise CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O is mined for more than 4000 years in Iran. Neyshabour Fyrouzeh Mine is one of the oldest one and known the occurrence one of the best gem-quality turquoise in the world. There is several turquoise mines in Iran and for this study we choose 3 major mines: Neyshabour(Khorasan province), Baghoo (Kerman province) and Cha...

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has achieved promising performance as an elemental imaging technology, and considerable progress has been achieved in the development of LIBS over the last several years, which has led to great interest in the use of LIBS in various fields of applications. LIBS is a highly attractive technology that is di...

Composition and microstructure of Ge grown on porous silicon (PSi) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) at different temperatures are examined using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Ge grown at 400 °C on PSi buffer produces a planar Ge film with high crystalline quality compared to Ge grown on bulk Si. Thi...

A comparison between dewetting properties of amorphous Ge and GeMn layers on SiO2, followed by a detailed study of magnetic and structural properties of GeMn nanocrystals (NCs), is done by means of several characterization techniques. The formation of three-dimensional Ge and GeMn NCs by solid-state dewetting process was evidenced by transmission e...

The oxygen isotope compositions of bones (n = 11) and teeth (n = 20) from 12 Sudanese individuals buried on Sai Island (Nubia) were analysed to investigate the registration of the evolution of the Nile environment from 3700 to 500 years BP and the potential effects of ontogeny on the oxygen isotope ratios. The isotopic compositions were converted i...

Ba2Ho10(Si2O7)3(Si3O10)2 and isotypic Ba2Er10(Si2O7)3(Si3O10)2 represent a new mixed-framework structure type with an unprecedented ratio of di- and trisilicate groups among silicates. The atomic arrangement features asymmetric zigzag chains of edge-sharing Ln³⁺O6 (Ln = Ho, Er) octahedra corner-linked by isolated Si2O7 and horseshoe-shaped Si3O10 g...

Collapsible soil presents a porous unsaturated structure, its sudden settlement after humidification, without supplementary charge, can be of a big nuisance for the foundations and therefore for the constructions built on it. To improve its structure and limit its instability, samples of laboratory reconstituted soil, with different percentages of...

This investigation concerns borosilicate glass leaching mechanisms and the evolution of alteration layer under electron beam irradiation. A simple glass doped with rare earth elements was selected in order to access mechanistic and structural information and better evaluate the effects of irradiation. It was fully leached in initially pure water at...

A comparative study of damage accumulation in magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) has been conducted using ionoluminescence (IL), cathodoluminescence (CL) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry/channeling (RBS/C) techniques. MgAl2O4 single crystal and polycrystalline samples were irradiated with 320 keV Ar+ ions at fluencies ranging from 1 × 1...

Since it was added to the French crown jewels in 1669, the 135.74 ct Grand Sapphire has been regarded as one of the world's most magnificent sapphires. Newly discovered archives indicate that Louis XIV obtained the Grand Sapphire at about the same time he acquired the Tavernier Blue diamond; both gems were mounted in gold settings in 1672. Although...

The chapter contains short theoretical description of luminescence phenomena, such as atomic orbitals, point group symmetry, absorption of the excitation energy and radiative transition to the ground state.

The chapter describes two laser-based techniques, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy, which are complimentary with laser-induced luminescence. The aspects mostly relevant to minerals research are presented.

The chapter mostly contains time-resolved luminescence spectra of more than 100 minerals under different laser excitations. Luminescence lines and bands are ascribed to corresponding emission centers. Besides, Raman spectra of the RRUFF database are analyzed emphasizing the luminescence features detected together with Raman signals.

The chapter contains experimental data and theoretical considerations enabling to interpret the luminescence centers in the studied minerals.

In this chapter, are presented various examples of laser-based spectroscopies of specific materials. Among them, useful data (luminescence, Raman, LIBS) of gemstones are provided; some results on nuclear waste storage geomaterial studies are given as well as on biomaterials or inorganic matrixes for white LED.

The chapter contains the short description of the experimental setup, specifically laser excitation sources, monochromators, and ICCD spectrometers.

This chapter is dedicated to minerals sorting and online process control based on luminescence and LIBS sorting compared to X ray fluorescence XRF, neutron activation PGNAA. Examples are presented among various minerals, ores, cements and concrete.

This chapter consists in the presentation of laser-based spectroscopies dedicated to ore prospection. Among them is presented remote laser-induced photoluminescence of minerals, breakdown spectroscopy for environmental application and for planet exploration as well the combination of those technics (LIBS and Raman, Raman and time-resolved luminesce...

div class="title">Analysis of Radiation Damage in Magnesium Aluminate Spinel by Means of Cathodoluminescence - Volume 21 Issue S3 - Iwona Jozwik, Jacek Jagielski, Grzegorz Gawlik, Przemyslaw Jozwik, Renata Ratajczak, Gerard Panczer, Nathalie Moncoffre, Anna Wajler, Agata Sidorowicz

The problem of information about damage build-up, intensively studied for single crystals, poses many difficulties for polycrystalline materials. The Rutherford Backscattering/Channeling (RBS/C) technique could be applied for single crystals only, but its use is excluded in polycrystalline materials. Therefore the development of a quantitative meth...

We previously reported the synthesis of gadolinium-based nanoparticles (NPs) denoted AGuIX (Activation and Guiding of Irradiation by X-ray) and demonstrated their potential as an MRI contrast agent and their efficacy as radiosensitizing particles during X-ray cancer treatment. In the present study, we focused on the elimination kinetics of AGuIX fr...

The invention pertains to the field of jewellery, especially nacreous pearls used in jewellery. Said invention especially relates to the development of a method for marking and/or labelling cultured pearls. The invention more generally relates to a method for marking a solid comprising at least a nacre coating, said method comprising the immersion...

An increasing interest has arisen in research focused on metallic and organic ions that play crucial roles in both physiological and pathological metabolic processes. Current methods for the observation of trace elements in biological tissues at microscopic spatial resolution often require equipment with high complexity. We demonstrate a novel appr...

Emission spectroscopy of laser-induced plasma was applied to elemental analysis of biological samples. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) performed on thin sections of rodent tissues: kidneys and tumor, allows the detection of inorganic elements such as (i) Na, Ca, Cu, Mg, P, and Fe, naturally present in the body and (ii) Si and Gd, detect...

The local environment of europium in soda-lime borosilicate glasses with a range of La2O3 content was probed by continuous luminescence and Fluorescence Line Narrowing (FLN) to investigate the local environment of rare earth elements in pristine and leached glass. After aqueous leaching at 90 degrees C at pH 7 and 9.5, rare earths were fully retain...

The performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of wear metals in oils has been evaluated in this work with a specific ablation configuration of a thin layer of oil covering the polished surface of a pure aluminum target. A set of reference samples containing 12 metallic elements (Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb...

The paper summarises new data and results referring to the characterization of the nature of luminescence centres in minerals that were published during the last 8 years. Besides well-established luminescence centres, such as Mn2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, divalent and trivalent rare-earth elements, S2−, and Pb2+, several other centres were proposed and substan...

The performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of wear metals in oils has been evaluated in this work with a specific ablation configuration of a thin layer of oil covering the polished surface of a pure aluminum target. A set of reference samples containing 12 metallic elements (Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb...

Phosphorus is an essential element for all life forms. However, an excessive concentration of phosphates is the most common cause of water bodies eutrophication as phosphorous is usually the limiting nutrient involved in plant growth. In constructed wetlands (CWs) treating domestic wastewaters, good treatment performances are obtained on main pollu...

Le phosphore est un élément essentiel pour toutes les formes de vie. Cependant, des concentrations excessives en phosphates constituent la cause la plus commune de l’eutrophisation des masses d’eau dans la mesure où le phosphore est généralement l’élément limitant pour la croissance des végétaux. Dans les filtres plantés de roseaux traitant les eau...

Firing of kaolinite to mullite is an important process in ceramic industry. In the present study, Raman spectroscopy and curve-fitting are utilized for identification of the thermal phases in progressive firing of kaolinite to mullite up to 1300°C. The results are compared to that observed by XRD. Many natural kaolinites consist of accessory anatas...

In this work, the Eu3+5D0→7F0 transition is used as a structural probe to follow the Eu3+ environment modification in powellite CaMoO4 under irradiation or when its composition is varying. Six ceramics with compositions ranging from Ca0.99Eu0.01MoO4 to Ca0.76Sr0.1Na0.07 Eu0.01La0.02Nd0.02Pr0.02 MoO4 were synthesized and each composition has a speci...

The work deals with the FT-IR and micro-Raman spectroscopy study of the pseudo-amorphous and crystalline thermal phases in the composition of calcareous Iron Age pottery from the Galilee. The application of second-derivative and curve-fitting techniques improves the identification of the thermal phases in the composition of the pottery and makes it...

Strontium fluorbritholites with the general formula Sr10-xNdx(PO4)6-x(SiO4)xF2 (0≤x≤6), were prepared by solid state reaction at temperatures between 1200 and 1400°C. The XRD analysis showed that a pure apatitic phase was formed only for x≤2.5. Above this value, there was formation of secondary phases. The variation of the lattice parameters as a f...

Calcium molybdate, CaMoO4 (powellite) is the main micro phase crystallizing during the cooling of molybdenum rich borosilicate glasses studied for the development of future containment matrices. The composition and the structure of the vitreous and the crystalline phases of such a glassceramic is determinant for the long-term behaviour understandin...

Pezzottaite, CsBe2LiAl2Si6O18, is a rare new pink mineral found in central Madagascar and Afghanistan, exhibiting a beryl-like trigonal reduced symmetry (R3c). Numerous data on its optical properties, Raman, IR, absorption spectra as well LIBS data are available, while it is described as a non-luminescent mineral under UV light. However, pezzottait...

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that mineral maturity and crystallinity index are two different characteristics of bone mineral. To this end, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) was used. To test our hypothesis, synthetic apatites and human bone samples were used for the validation of the two parameters using F...

The oxygen isotope fractionation between the structural carbonate of inorganically precipitated hydroxyapatite (HAP) and water was determined in the range 10–37 °C. Values of 1000 ln α() are linearly correlated with inverse temperature (K) according to the following equation: 1000 ln α() = 25.19 (±0.53)·T−1 − 56.47 (±1.81) (R2 = 0.998). This fracti...

The analysis of the interaction of strontium (Sr) with bone mineral is of interest because a new agent containing Sr (S 12911) has shown positive effects on bone mass in various animal models of osteoporosis and is currently being developed for preventive and curative treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Iliac bone samples were obtained from 2...

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for trace element analysis of speleothems. Such analysis contributes to the understanding of the evolution of the climate over a long past time period.

Although there are many publications concerning the mechanical behavior of adult bone, there are few data about mechanical properties of children's bone. In vivo bone stiffness measurement with Orthometer device has been validated and extensively used in adults to assess bone healing after fracture or lengthening. We hypothesized that in vivo stiff...

The decision when to remove the frame after limb lengthening through standard distraction osteogenesis remains a challenge. Multiple studies have attempted to find objective criteria to assess bone healing after fracture or bone lengthening. However, there is a paucity of such data for the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to corr...

Neodymium migration from the glass to the unique crystal phase, Ca 2 Nd 8 (SiO 4) 6 O 2 apatite, was followed by absorption (4 I 9/2 ? 2 P 1/2 transition) and emission (4 F 3/2 ? 4 I 9/2 transition) spectroscopy in aluminoborosilicate glass–ceramics prepared at various temperatures. Comparison of these glass–ceramics showed that ordering of Ca 2+ a...

The photoluminescence spectra of the rod-shaped pure and Ti-doped MgAl2O4 single crystals, grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method, have been systematically investigated under high-intensity pulsed Nd3+: YAG laser excitation in the ultraviolet (UV) region (266 nm). The chemical properties of the grown crystals under reducing argon atmosphere...

The vertisols sampled at different depths on the banks of river Benue in Garoua region, were studied by x-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analyses and chemical analyses. Characteristics such as the cation exchange capacity, swelling rate, plasticity index and particle size distribution were also determined. Obtained results showed that the...

Different genetic types (endogene and supergene) of barite from the Kremikovtsi deposit (Bulgaria) were studied by Laser-induced time-resolved luminescence (LITRL), Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The IR spectra of the endogene barites are quite similar to those reported in the literature and do not show appreciable differences among them. Th...

In order to study the influence in the change of the coordination environment of the cationic sites on the luminescent properties of rare-earth ions doping polyphosphates Ln(PO3)3 (Ln = La, Y) with two different structures, the time-resolved luminescence of the Eu3+ ion, used as structural probe, is reported. La(PO3)3 has an orthorhombic structure...

In monkeys, long-term strontium ranelate administration results in a dose-dependent bone strontium uptake (mainly into newly formed bone) that preserves the degree of mineralization of bone and the bone mineral at the crystal level, showing its safety at bone mineral level. Strontium ranelate simultaneously increases bone formation and decreases bo...

In order to explore the complex structure of the French nuclear glass (SON68) and its weathering gel products, four simplified Eu 3+ doped matrices relative to the four main glass forming oxides have been studied by fluorescence line narrowing. The precise calculation of their crystal field parameters and the correlation with those of the nuclear g...

Natural apatitic phosphosilicates, generally called “britholites”, were found to contain certain amounts of radioactive elements or fission products. Thus, britholites have been the object of a great interest because of their potential application as typical matrices for the conditioning of nuclear wastes. In the present report, uranium-doped oxy-s...

Inorganic materials with optical properties and especially naturally multidoped geomaterials often present micro-scale heterogeneities (growth zoning, inclusions, devitrification, micro-phases. . .). Identification and optical effects of such heterogeneities have more and more to be taken into account. To reach the microscopic scale during photo-lu...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements have been performed on SON68 type nuclear glass and its leached product (gel) in order to characterize uranium environment in both materials. XPS measurements allow to detect two oxidation states in glass: about 20% of tetravalent uranium and 80% of hexavalent u...

Natural and synthetic samples of hardystonite, hydrozincite, calcite and pyromorphite were investigated by laser-induced time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy at 50 K to ambient temperatures. Luminescent bands of Pb2+ can be resolved from similar bands caused by Ce3+ and Eu2+ by a combination of diagnostic differences in excitation spectra and li...

Site distribution of Eu 3+ ions was studied by site selective spectroscopy in an aluminoborosilicate nuclear glass and in its leached form called gel. Spectroscopic studies allow one to detect two types of site distributions in the glass as well as in two gels. One is attributed to a silicate environment while for the other one an aluminate environ...

Semiconductor CdS particles were formed in ZrO2 films, together with Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions. The steady-state, as well as the time-resolved luminescence, revealed that the intensity of emission of the REE is increased significantly in the presence of CdS particles. This phenomenon can be explained by energy transfer resulting from electron–hole recombi...

Holocaust denial has been a prevalent way for the expression of antisemitism since the 1970s, though it remained confined to fringe ways of distribution. As soon as elctronic Buletin Board Systems appeared, hate speech was provide d through them. As soon as the first Usenet discussion groups appeared Holocaust denial jumped in that wagon. The Web s...

Emeralds from nine gem-mining regions in Afghanistan, Brazil, Colombia, Nigeria, Russia, Tanzania and Zambia and a Biron synthetic emerald were studied by non-destructive Raman microspectroscopy and laser-excited luminescence. The experimental results show that the main differences in the Raman spectra of natural emeralds have Raman shifts in the r...

As the geochemical behavior of the rare earth elements (REE) is of increasing interest in geology (see the reviews edited by Lipin and McKay 1989 and Jones et al. 1996), the main REE minerals in most igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are now being studied in detail. REE are major or trace constituents in many minerals (Burt 1989). Besides...

Luminescence is produced by a wide variety of processes, including photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL), the types used by earth scientists. CL has several advantages over PL, namely, a greater energy density and the possibility to focus the microprobe beam to a few microns (Marfunin 1994). In addition, CL only stimulates the surface...

Comparative study of luminescence properties of doped synthetic minerals (anhydrite, calcite, fluorite and zircon) by cathodoluminescence and fluorescence methods is presented. The Eu3+ doped minerals (anhydrite; other sulfates; fluorite) exhibit partial reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ when they are studied by cathodoluminescence method. On the other han...

Glasses containing Ce were prepared by the sol–gel method at elevated temperatures. Two parallel series, one in air and one in nitrogen atmosphere, were obtained. The main constituent of the glasses was silica SiO2 obtained by hydrolysis of ethoxysilane (TEOS). Spectroscopic properties of the glasses were studied by time-resolved and steady-state l...

Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy coupled with selective excitation allows one to identify and assign the emission transitions of Pr3+ in natural apatite, scheelite and anhydrite. Under steady state conditions they are hidden by the stronger bands and lines of Eu2+, (WO4)2−, (MoO4)2−, Sm3+ and Dy3+. Of special interest are the transitions fro...

Transmission infrared spectra of different kaolinites were studied by curve fitting. These spectra generally exhibit four hydroxyl stretching bands. In this article we show that a fifth OH band (already identified in Raman and photoacoustic IR spectra of kaolinites) is also observed in transmission IR spectra of hydrothermal and authigenic kaolinit...

The fluorescence of trivalent samarium in silica glasses and silica aluminum glasses prepared by the sol gel method was studied by time resolved spectroscopy. For short time excitations mostly fluorescence from the host matrix was observed. The samarium fluorescence could be clearly seen after a longer time delay. The ratio of the intensity of the...

An atmospheric absorption system of molecular oxygen and water has been detected and identified in apatites. Such a phenomenon is firstly described in solids. Our results confirm that molecular oxygen and water may be accommodated by structural incorporation in the channels of the apatite structure. A reabsorption spectrum represents a new spectros...

Time-resolved luminescence allows the differences between rare-earth elements and manganese accommodation in apatites to be distinguished. The valence state and exact crystal site of incorporated cations are interpreted from the spectral characteristics. Contrary to the apriory incorporated cations, the adsorbed species can be revealed only after h...

Time-delayed laser-induced luminescence of uranium and rare-earth elements (REE) in apatite of fossil fish teeth from the phosphorites of the Senonian Mishash Formation, Israel, were investigated before and after thermal treatment.The unheated samples show luminescence of UO2+2. Luminescence of REE3+ (Sm, Eu, Pr) is observed only after heating the...

Apatite of various genesis accommodates trace elements by diverse ways: the structural substitution is preferencial in magmatic type, while the adsorption of independent phases is the main form in sedimentary one.

TiO2 thin films have been deposited on SiO2Si, MgO and Al2O3 substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition with a KrF excimer laser from a rutile ceramic target. From X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, their crystalline structure appear to be mainly anatase. The potentialities of waveguiding properties have been evaluated by measuring refractive ind...

Using a laser vaporization source, we have deposited low-energy neutral carbon clusters in the range C10–C32 in order to grow thin films (e ≈ 100 nm). Compared to common DLC films, the first-order Raman spectrum does not give at all the same results, since it does not exhibit the usual G and D bands, but is comparable to the vibrational density of...

Carbon thin films exhibiting a different structure have been obtained using low-energy neutral-cluster beam deposition. The first-order Raman scattering of such materials exhibits some characteristic features related to the phonon density of states of diamond. A careful analysis shows that the electronic structure is not explained by a classical ra...

Stromatolitic phosphorites of late Early to early Middle Eocene age have recently been found in several sites along the upper northeastern flanks of the Ramon anticline, Negev (southern Israel). As a rule, the stromatolites are associated with condensed Senonian and Paleocene rock-suites with telescoped multi-event unconformities.The stromatolite o...

La composition en éléments traces de niveaux nodulaires de phosphate du Maastrichtien inférieur a été déterminée. Les nodules, comparativement aux phosphorites granulaires de la Formation Campanien supérieur du Mishash, sont enrichis en CO₂ structural (apatite). Fe. Na. et relativement en terres rares, et appauvris en C0₂ total (calcite), Si, Cd, Z...

Four phosphate minerals: strengite, lipscombite, cyrilovite and goyazite were studied by thermal analysis (DTA,TG), X-rays (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM) and Infrared absorption. The three hydrous iron phosphates studied behave similarly to hydrous aluminous phosphates. They give endothermic reactions at low and medium temperatures related to the...