Gerard Delvare

• French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development

Swollen Shoot is a viral disease affecting cocoa trees, transmitted by several species of mealybugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Pseudococcidae). These insects maintain trophobiotic relationships with a complex and species-rich assemblage of ants protecting them and natural enemies controlling their populations. Here, we provide a curated D...

We present the first global molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the family Eurytomidae, a group of chalcidoid wasps with diverse biology, with a representative sampling (197 ingroups and 11 outgroups) that covers all described subfamilies, and 70% of the known genera. Analyses of 962 Ultra-Conserved Elements (UCEs) with concatenation (IQ-TREE) an...

Swollen Shoot is a viral disease affecting cocoa trees, transmitted by several species of mealybugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae). These insects maintain trophobiotic relationships with a complex and species-rich assemblage of ants protecting them and natural enemies controlling their populations. Here, we provide a curated D...

eurytomidae (Chalcidoidea) species associated with fig trees (Ficus) are still poorly documented. A phylogenetic analysis of 63 morphological characters was conducted to revise Afrotropical species of Sycophila Walker and Ficomila Bouček associated with fig trees. Based on our results, which also included Palaearctic species of Sycophila, three sub...

Hymenopteran parasitoids of the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), are recorded from southern India. Two new species, Calyoza hermetiae Binoy, & Colombo sp. nov. (Bethylidae, Epyrinae) and Eniacomorpha bouceki Binoy sp. nov. (Chalcididae, Dirhininae) are described and illustrated. Spalangia cameroni...

A new chalcidid genus, Mischochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), is erected with the description M. enigmatus sp. nov. from the Western Ghats as the type species. An Afrotropical species, initially described in Haltichella Spinola, is transferred into the new genus as Mischochalcis inermis (Schmitz) comb. nov. The new genus belongs to the very dive...

Capturing phylogenetic signal from a massive radiation can be daunting. The superfamily Chalcidoidea is an excellent example of a hyperdiverse group that has remained recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution. Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that until now included 27 families, 87 subfamilies and as many as 500,000 estimated species. We comb...

The present study reports a new host association of Neochalcis Kirby, N. breviceps Masi reared from an apid bee, Braunsapis breviceps (Cockerell). This is the first report of hymenopteran parasitism of Neochalcis from the Oriental region. Association of parasitic Hymenoptera with Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. (Polypodiaceae) and the biology of N...

Epitraninae Burks (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is a subfamily with a single recognised genus, Epitranus Walker, known to be distributed throughout the tropical areas of the Old World. Whilst recent studies have reported the presence of Epitraninae in countries of the Middle East, there are no published records from the European continent. A female sp...

The seed-eater wasp, Bruchophagus verbasci (Erdös, 1969) comb. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) is newly quoted from Iran. This species was originally described in the genus Eurytoma Illiger, 1807. Considering its morphological characters and the new finding of its biological association with some fabaceous plants, it was transferred t...

The genusLasallegriongen. n.is described, and three species,Lasallegrion koebelei(Crawford1912),comb. n.,Lasallegrion virescens(Strand1911),comb. n., andLasallegrion washingtoni(Girault1915),comb. n., are redescribed and transferred to it.Podagrion holbeiniGirault 1923,syn. n., andPodagrion metatarsumGirault 1929,syn. n., are synonymised here withL...

Fourteen species of Chalcidoidea were reared from the common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel (Poaceae) in Urmia region, in the northwest of Iran. Among them, two new species of Pteromalidae are described hereafter: Norbanus persicus Lotfalizadeh & Rasplus, sp. nov.; and Stenomalina delvarei Lotfalizadeh & Rasplus, sp. nov.. Anagy...

Epitranus hamoni (Risbec) and Epitranus torymoides (Risbec), initially described from the Afrotropical region, are recorded for the first time from Iran in the Western Palaearctic. These species were collected using Malaise traps in the south of Iran. A key to three species of Epitranus known from Iran is provided. The female of E. hamoni is descri...

A phylogenetic study based on 25 species of Phasgonophorinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and 36 characters was carried out for ensuring the generic placement of three new species from Saudi Arabia. As a result of this study, the genera Trigonura Sichel, 1866, Bactrochalcis Kieffer, 1912, Centrochalcis Cameron, 1913, Centrochalcidia Gahan & Fagan, 19...

Eulophidae is a hyper-diverse family of chalcidoid wasps with 324 genera, about 5300 described species and probably thousands of others to be described. Until now, the absence of unequivocal morphological apomorphies and the low resolution provided by the handful of Sanger sequenced genes have hampered the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationshi...

Recent technical advances combined with novel computational approaches have promised the acceleration of our understanding of the tree of life. However, when it comes to hyperdiverse and poorly known groups of invertebrates, studies are still scarce. As published phylogenies will be rarely challenged by future taxonomists, careful attention must be...

Recent technical advances combined with novel computational approaches promised the acceleration of our understanding of the tree of life. However, when it comes to hyperdiverse and poorly known groups of invertebrates, studies are still scarce. As published phylogenies will be rarely challenged by future taxonomists, careful attention must be paid...

Proconura persica Delvare, 2011 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) was originally described from Iran. Type materials of this species were include just female specimens. Recently we collected a population of this species from Shiraz in the south of Iran comprising males and females. The previously unknown male of P. persica is described for the first time...

An accurate estimation of parasitism rates and diversity of parasitoids of crop insect pests is a prerequisite for exploring processes leading to efficient natural biocontrol. Traditional methods such as rearing have been often limited by taxonomic identification, insect mortality and intensive work, but the advent of high-throughput sequencing (HT...

Ce volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" et "Recherche finalisée et innovation" de 2013. Le colloque de restitution s’est déroulé le 6 février 2019 sous l’égide du GIS Relance Agronomique

Chalcid wasps are one of the most diverse lineages of Hymenoptera also highly disparate in terms of morphologies and biologies. The evolutionary relationships among Chalcidoidea have remained virtually untested. No multilocus molecular phylogeny has been deployed heretofore towards assessing the basal tree topology with appropriate sampling. Here w...

Parasitic hymenoptera are natural enemies of a wide range of crop pests. However, the complex taxonomy of this group and the scarcity of taxonomic expertise make difficult the accurate identification of species, which limits their use in biological control programs. In this study, we explored the potential of a two-step PCR approach combined with I...

The current paper presents new data on the nomenclature and distribution of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) collected in various regions of Iran. The following new synonymies are proposed: Brachymeria argenteopilosa (Radosz-kowski, 1876) = Chalcis persica Masi, 1824 syn. nov., Brachymeria albicrus (Klug, 1834) = Chalcis rufigaster Masi, 192...

A survey on aphidophagous entomofauna was made in 4 differently manged citrus orchards in the Cap Bon region,Tunisia during 2010, 2011 and 2012. Predators, parasitoids and hyperparasites were collected. 5 primary Hymenopteran parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and 6 hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae and Figitidae) were identified. Conc...

A phylogeny of the Torymidae (Chalcidoidea) is estimated using 4734 nucleotides from five genes. Twelve outgroups and 235 ingroup taxa are used, representing about 70% of the recognized genera. Our analyses do not recover Torymidae as monophyletic and we recognize instead two families: Megastigmidae (stat. rev.) and Torymidae s.s. (stat. rev.). Wit...

Le genre Tineophoctonus Ashmead, 1900 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) est signalé pour la première fois en Afrique du Nord et en France. T. armatus (Ashmead) et T. euphranor (Walker), les deux espèces connues de la région Ouest-Paléarctique sont revues, caractérisées et illustrées. T. armatus est signalé pour la première fois de France et d...

Pseudococcus comstocki (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a mealybug species native to Eastern Asia and present as an invasive pest in northern Italy and southern France since the start of the century. It infests apple and pear trees, grapevines and some ornamental trees. Biocontrol programmes against this pest proved successful in central Asia and Nor...

Here, we report on a unique parasitoid wasp species of Toryminae reared from oothecae of praying man-tids in the Mediterranean region. Based on the first available large specimen series, we transfer the species to Microdontomerus iridis comb. n. (from Torymus), describe the so far unknown male, designate a neo-type, expand the known geographical di...

Here, we report on a unique parasitoid wasp species of Toryminae reared from oothecae of praying man-tids in the Mediterranean region. Based on the first available large specimen series, we transfer the species to Microdontomerus iridis comb. n. (from Torymus), describe the so far unknown male, designate a neo-type, expand the known geographical di...

Background The ecological differentiation of insects with parasitic life-style is a complex process that may involve phylogenetic constraints as well as morphological and/or behavioural adaptations. In most cases, the relative importance of these driving forces remains unexplored. We investigate here this question for the “Eupelmus urozonus species...

This paper is an addendum for the availability of the names of 11 new species proposed in Al khatib et al. (2014).

A revision of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) species belonging to the morio group is proposed. Species discrimination is based on morphological and, partly, on molecular data, including the barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the D2 expansion region of the 28S ribosomal gene. Morphological and...

The systematics of the E uropean species of Eupelmus ( Eupelmus ) D alman ( H ymenoptera: E upelmidae) belonging to the ‘ urozonus ‐complex’ is elucidated through combined molecular and morphological characterization. One mitochondrial gene fragment ( Cytochrome oxidase I ) and one nuclear protein‐coding gene fragment ( Wingles s) were sequenced an...

A field survey of parasitoids of citrus aphids was undertaken in the Cap Bon region (northern east of Tunisia) during the years 2010 and 2011. Four citrus orchards (2 organic farming orchards, 2 conventional farming orchards) were sampled every 15 days during the two years. Aphid mummies were collected from young shoots. Citrus were attacked by fiv...

In the course of this study, the number of recorded chalcidids (Hym.: Chalcididae) from Iran increased to 42 species (including one unidentified species of the genus Lasiochalcidia Masi), of which fifteen species and four genera are new to Iranian chalcidid fauna. The family Chalcididae is repredented by three subfamilies in Iran as follows: Chalci...

Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) is extremely diverse with an estimated 500 000 species. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily based on both morphological and molecular data. A web-based, systematics workbench mx was used to score 945 character states illustrated by 648 figures for 233 morphological characters for a total of 66 64...

Eigth species of the genus Cirrospilus Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) have been recognized in Iran: C. ingenuus Gahan, 1932, C. lyncus Walker, 1838, C. pictus (Nees, 1834), C. scapus Yefremova, 2007, C. staryi Bouček, 1958, C. variegatus (Masi, 1907), C. viticola (Rondani, 1877) and C. vittatus Walker, 1838. A new species – Cirrospilus pe...

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Dipt., Tephritidae), is the most important pest of olive crops in the world. Economic losses associated to the limited efficiency of pesticides and natural regulation require the development of new alternatives. A classical biological control program was thus implemented in 2007 in France with two main objecti...

During the spring 2011 a serie of parasitoids reared from young larval stages of Tuta in Southern France (near Marseille) were identified by Andrew Polaszek as belonging to Necremnus artynes. Nevertheless, the individuals reared from Tuta show a high morphological variability and are somewhat different from the usual form.

Three Chalcididae, namely Brachymeria ceratoniae Delvare sp. nov., Proconura persica sp. nov. and Psilochalcis ceratoniae Delvare sp. nov., are described from Iran. They were all reared from the carob moth Apomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the main pest of Ceratonia siliqua. Invreia subita Nikol'skaya, 1960 is formally transferred to...

Gallastichus mutuus Rasplus & La Salle gen. nov. & sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) and Ormyrus nkoloensis Rasplus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Ormyridae) are described from Cameroon. Both taxa were collected from leaf galls formed on Bikinia letestui (Pellegr.) Wieringa subsp. letestui (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae). Gallasti...

Au sein des écosystèmes, les populationsd’insectes sont limitées par un complexed’ennemis naturels, qui exercent ainsi uncontrôle spontané et préviennent généralementleurs pullulations. Ces auxiliairespeuvent consommer les oeufs, larves,nymphes ou adultes d’autres arthropodes.Les complexes associés, appelésaussi réseaux trophiques, peuvent êtretrès...

We present the first review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. In terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders, this result ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Two third of alien Hymenoptera are para...

Corresponding author: Jean-Yves Rasplus (rasplus@supagro.inra.fr)

In recent years, the coconut whitefly, Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel, has been recorded from various islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Field surveys in La Réunion, the Seychelles, the Comoros and glasshouses in Paris have allowed us to record this whitefly on 56 palm species, some of which are endemic and/or threatened species. Most of tre...

Eurytoma erythrinae Gates and Delvare, new species, is described and illustrated. This species was reared from fieldcollected galls on Erythrina spp. (Fabaceae) induced by Quadrastichus spp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in Tanzania, Ghana, and South Africa. It is compared with very similar African species, Eurytoma radicicola Risbec. Afrotropical spe...

Arthropod densities and apparent leaf damage were compared within the canopy ecotone and the shrub layer of a lowland rain forest in Cameroon, using a branch clipping method. Most of the individuals collected consisted of ants (average 44%) and various herbivores (31%). Overall arthropod densities amounted to 17 individuals per sample, which, on av...

Eretmocerus cocois Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) is described and illustrated. The adults emerge from fourth instar larvae of Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) which presently heavily infests the coconut plantations in Comoros Islands. It is compared with E. pallidus Dozier a diagnosis of which is given, together...

Eretmocerus cocois Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) is described and illustrated. The adults emerge from fourth instar larvae of Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) which presently heavily infests the coconut plantations in Comoros Islands. It is compared with E. pallidus Dozier a diagnosis of which is given, together...

Sycophila pistacina (Rondani), which was previously synonymized with Sycophila biguttata (Swederus), is revalidated. Morphological, morphometric and molecular data confirm its status as a separate species. Diagnostic characters are provided for distinguishing it from S. biguttala. The nomenclature of the S. biguttata complex is updated.

FIGURES 8 – 16. Eretmocerus cocois Delvare sp. n. (Ψ: Figs 8, 10 – 16; ♂: Fig. 9). 8. Female habitus. 9. Male habitus. 10. Antenna. 11. Pedicel and funicle. 12. Apex of clava. 13. Mid tarsus. 14. Fore wing. 15. Base of fore wing. 16. Submarginal vein enlarged.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Quantitative study on some Eretmocerus spp.: relationships between primary variables and ratios. 1. Scatterplot of scape length and ratio clava (= clava length / clava width). 2. Scatterplot of forewing width and fore wing fringe length. 3. Scatterplot of ratio fringe and fore wing length. 4. Scatterplot relative to the abundance of...

FIGURE 7. Tree achieved in NJ from the CO 1 gene. Bootstrap values indicated above or below branches.

FIGURES 17 – 22. Figs 17 – 20. Ψ Eretmocerus cocois Delvare sp. n. 17. Head in frontal view. 18. Mesonotum. 19. Scutellum. 20. Ovipositor. Figs 21 – 22. Ψ Eretmocerus gracilis Rose. 21. Head in frontal view. 22. Antenna.

FIGURES 23 – 26. Type series of Eretmocerus pallidus Dozier. 23. Slide-mountings showing the placement of the selected lectotype. 24. Antenna. 25. Fore wing. 26. Base of forewing.

We describe a new species, Eurytoma caninae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) from specimens collected in Morocco, France and Iran. The species emerges from galls of Diplolepis spp. (Cynipidae) on Rosa spp. (Rosaceae). It is common and widespread in the West Palearctic Region. It is closely related but morphologically differentiated from Eurytoma rosae Ne...

We describe a new species, Eurytoma caninae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) from specimens collected in Morocco, France and Iran. The species emerges from galls of Diplolepis spp. (Cynipidae) on Rosa spp. (Rosaceae). It is common and widespread in the West Palearctic Region. It is closely related but morphologically differentiated from Eurytoma rosae Ne...

A phylogenetic study of the Eurytominae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) treating 178 taxa and based on 150 morphological characters is given. Several cladograms using the complete species sample, but obtained with different weightings, are presented. Local studies were also carried out to provide possible alternate topologies. The deep nodes of the tre...

Main inventories of cotton pests' parasitoids were made in Paraguay by B. Michel and P. Prudent (1987 to 1992). Collections of pests and their natural enemies have been done mainly during field visits of the national cotton program (PIEA) experimental plots through the country. The rearing of eggs, larvae and nymphs was done. From Alabama argillace...

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) as well as their whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci were reported from the south-west and central regions of Morocco. To establish a more comprehensive view of tomato begomoviruses and B. tabaci biotypes throughout Morocco...

Over a four year period, the rose gall wasps (Diplolepis spp.) and their associated fauna were studied in the northern regions of Iran. Seventeen species of parasitic wasps were collected and identified, eleven of them are recorded for the first time from Iran. They belong to two superfamilies: Chalcidoidea (16 species belonging to 5 families) and...

Aprostocetus anoplophorae n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is supposed to play a role as an egg parasitoid of the invasive pest, the Citrus Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora chinensis (Förster). The studies of its morphology, and rDNA sequence data, strongly indicate that this taxon differs greatly from all described Aprostocetus species, and is new t...

Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim sp.n. is described from Singapore, Mauritius and Ré-union. This species forms galls on the leaves, stems, petioles and young shoots of Erythrina var-iegata and E. fusca in Singapore, on the leaves of E. indica in Mauritius, and on Erythrina sp. in Réunion. It can cause extensive damage to the trees. Species of Eulophida...

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (B-biotype) was introduced in the Caribbean in the late 1980s. This new pest drastically changed plant protection management in this region, because of direct damages on cucurbits and transmission of numerous begomoviruses on tomatoes and beans. Parasitoids have been reported for the A-biotype B. tabaci and other species...