Geraldo Andrade Carvalho

• PhD
• Senior Researcher at Federal University of Lavras

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has caused significant economic losses and food security challenges. Furthermore, its management may result in the overuse of synthetic pesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the in vitro efficacy of extracellular enzymes and B. bassiana conidia against S. frugiperda pupae. The enzym...

In this study, the effects of various chemical and biological insecticides on adults of the parasitoid species Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley) were examined in cassava. The chemical insecticides zeta-cypermethrin, lufenuron + profenofós, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and teflubenzuron and the biological agents Bacillus thuringiensis and Baculovirus er...

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous insect of various agricultural crops. The methods used for its control have led to the selection of resistant insect populations, which justifies the search for new alternatives for the management of this insect. Accordingly, in the present study, trypsin inhibitors...

The X-ray method, together with image analysis tools, has been used to evaluate the internal structures of seeds and correlate them with the physical, physiological and sanitary quality, providing significant and accurate results. The objective of this study was to analyze radiographic images of rice seeds infested by the rice weevil Sitophilus ory...

The utilization of selective insecticides is a viable tactic for the integration of biological and chemical methods in pest control. Thus, the goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of some insecticides on predator wasps and parasitoids of the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet), as well as the efficiency...

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests of corn and soybean crops. Its control is carried out through insecticide applications that often cause biological imbalances with population reduction of natural enemies. One of the natural enemy species associated with this noctuid is the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymen...

Temperature can interact with chemical pesticides and modulate their toxicity. Sublethal exposure to pesticides is known to trigger hormetic responses in pests. However, the simultaneous effects of temperature and sublethal exposure to single or mixture-based insecticides on the insects’ stimulatory responses are not frequently considered in toxico...

Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a predator of phytophagous pests in crops; however, this natural enemy may be exposed to chemical insecticides. Thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid) and chlorantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide) are classified as selective insecticides, but their side effects on the midgut of non-target organisms are...

Body size is an important morphological characteristic that covaries with the quality of parasitoids and predators. Data show that the larger the organism is, the better the biological parameters and the host location by natural enemies in the field. The standard way of evaluating the size of parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Tric...

Closterocerus coffeellae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a parasitoid of the coffee leaf miner occurring in coffee farms with high selection pressure caused by pesticides and different landscape patterns on the surrounding crops. This work aims to detect morphometric variations and levels of Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) in the wings of C. coffeellae in...

Spodoptera frugiperda control methods have proved to be inefficient, which justifies the search for new control measures. In this search for botanical insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda, the following were evaluated: (i) the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from Cinnamodendron dinisii, Eugenia uniflora, and Melaleuca armillaris; (ii) the ef...

The botanical insecticide market is growing because of limitations placed on the use of certain synthetic chemical insecticides. In this sense, the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the main poultry pest. The insect causes weight loss and damage to the digestive system of poultry, and it is a vector and reservoir...

Dear colleague, We hope you have had a great start to 2024. We are currently serving as the Guest Editors of the Special Issue “Advanced Strategies for Arthropod Pest Control in Horticultural Systems” in /Horticulturae/. Given your distinguished expertise in this area, we would like to invite you to submit a paper to this Special Issue. The submiss...

The botanical insecticides market is growing because of limitations placed on the use of certain synthetic chemical insecticides. Consequently, this study explored the following hypotheses: i) essential oils (EOs) derived from Mentha spp. are toxic to Alphitobius diaperius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a common poultry pest; ii) these EOs are compat...

The South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1971) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) causes economic losses in solanaceous crops. Chemical pesticides are the main management methods used against this pest, which causes the emergence of resistances in pest populations. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and develop new molecules showing toxi...

Climate factors, pesticides, and landscape in coffee agroecosystems directly affect the populations of the coffee leaf miner and its parasitoids. This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate factors, insecticide use, and landscape on natural parasitism, parasitoid diversity, and infestation of L. coffeella in coffee plantations in the Pla...

Soybean production is usually performed on large scales, requiring simple but efficient pest management to be successful. Soybean fields are inhabited by several species of arthropods, demanding constant development of management practices to prevent pest outbreaks. More recently, stink bugs have become the most important pest group of soybeans in...

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797), is a serious pest of several crops, particularly maize and other cereals. It has long been known as a pest in the Americas and has invaded most of Africa and parts of the Middle East, Asia, and Australia in the last six years. Its new status as an invasive species causing serious dama...

Neonicotinoid seed treatment (NST) is a routine practice used worldwide to control insect pests in a variety of crops, including maize (Zea mays mays L.). However, previous work indicates that systemic insecticides can compromise plant defenses, counteracting efforts to control insect pests. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of thia...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the hexane fraction of the crude extract of the fruits and seeds of Ricinus communis (HFFSRC) on eggs of Spodoptera cosmioides and Spodoptera frugiperda and on caterpillars of Spodoptera eridania, S. frugiperda, and S. cosmioides, under laboratory conditions through topical application and in...

1. Terrestrial gastropods (slugs and snails, Mollusca: Eupulmonata) are destructive pests of brassica crops. These organisms defoliate plants and contaminate the har-vest, leading to reduced crop yield and marketability. Losses caused by molluscs have escalated in recent years in Brazil. 2. We aimed to determine the seasonal activity of gastropods...

Tuta absoluta is a pest of importance: quick to disperse and difficult to control due to the cases of resistance to insecticide active ingredients. Thus, studies using essential oils (EOs) to search for new molecules should be intensified. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of EOs from Citrus aurantifolia (lime), Citrus...

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest that is difficult to control due to populations resistant to various active ingredients. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from the organs of Annona neolaurifolia, Duguetia lanceolata, and Xylopia brasiliensis, against the FAW an...

Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest of worldwide importance, responsible for significant economic losses, mainly in maize crops. The use of botanical derivatives emerges as a promising alternative to control this insect pest. In this work, we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extracts (EE) and semi-purified fractions of Acnistus arborescens and Datura...

Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an important predator of arthropod pests in the Palearctic Region. Populations of this predator may be affected by crop protectants’ applications. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a defense activator which promotes crop resistance against plant pathogens. We investigated the effects of ASM on...

O Brasil tem avançado fortemente na utilização do controle biológico como estratégia dentro da sua agricultura. O uso deste modelo de controle a parasitoides e predadores cresce aqui em um ritmo muito maior do que o do restante do mundo, cujo aumento tem figurado entre 10-15% ao ano. Considerando esse novo desafio, que é desenvolver um modelo de co...

This work aims to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides used for stink bug control to the egg parasitoids Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus teretis. We tested ethiprole and sulfoxaflor + lambda-cyhalothrin in comparison with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos. Three independent bioassays were conducted in the laboratory and repeated f...

The present study aimed to evaluate insecticide toxicity to Doru luteipes (Scudder), a major predator of maize pests. Lethal and sublethal effects were assessed on nymphs and adults exposed to the insecticides through contact (maize leaves) and ingestion (prey eggs) routes. Tested insecticides included a biopesticide (Spodoptera frugiperda multiple...

Zoophytophagous hemipteran predators provide relevant biological control services and their applications are consolidated in greenhouse pest management. The use of plant essential oils (EOs) for sustainable crop protection is being currently promoted. However, further knowledge of the potential side effects of EOs on predatory mirids (Hemiptera: Mi...

Insect pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda cause significant losses to maize (Zea mays mays). Control of S. frugiperda is difficult, but the use of insect resistant cultivars, including tolerant cultivars, is a promising alternative, and landraces are a potential source of insect resistance. This study investigated tolerance to S. frugiperda in fiv...

The occurrence of mound-building termite Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832) (Termitidae) in pastures may be related to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil. However, little is known about these relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the occurrence of mound-building termite in pas...

The present study aimed to evaluate insecticide toxicity to Doru luteipes (Scudder), a major predator of corn pests. Lethal (reduction in survival) and sublethal effects (prey consumption, adult tibia length and walking distance) of compounds were assessed on earwig nymphs and adults. Insects were exposed to the compounds through contact (exposure...

Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus teretis are important parasitoids of stink bug eggs and their preservation contributes to the ecological management of these pests. This work aimed to evaluate the physiological selectivity of the newest insecticides ethiprole and sulfoxaflor + lambda-cyhalothrin in comparison with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin a...

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a key pest of countless cultures of economic importance. FAW control is still mostly achieved by using synthetic chemicals and genetically modified plants, which can cause adverse effects on nontarget organisms. In this sense, secondary metabolites are an inexhaustible source of bioactive substances....

BACKGROUND Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is released in extensive areas cultivated with cotton worldwide, but the use of synthetic insecticides threatens the establishment of augmented populations. Thus, an assessment of insecticides’ effects on T. pretiosum is required to establish their compatibility with mass rele...

The parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is often released to manage lepidopteran pests in cotton crops. However, growers rely on multiple insecticide applications to manage cotton pests. A harmonious integration of control tactics is required for proper pest management, and the use of selective insecticides (i.e...

BACKGROUND Pesticides can be noxious to non‐target beneficial arthropods and their negative effects have been recently recognized even at low doses. The predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) plays an important role in controlling insect pests in solanaceous crops, but its concurrent herbivory often poses relevant concerns for t...

The egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) regulates lepidopteran pest populations in cotton crops. However, cotton harbors dozens of pests, and growers rely on multiple insecticide applications to manage these damaging organisms. A harmonious integration of control tactics is required for proper pest managemen...

Agriculture depends on the correct use of different methods for pest control, however the cultivation methods adopted for Solanaceae demands numerous pesticide applications. These products can be either harmful or selective to beneficial organisms, such as Coccinellidae predators. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological selectivity of...

The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important coffee pest in most of the coffee growing countries. CBB females leave old dry berries after harvest and search for dry noninfested berries on the plant or on the ground to lay eggs or to use as refuge until new berries are available on the...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological and nutritional characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an arthropod pest widely distributed in agricultural regions, after exposure to nano-CeO2 via an artificial diet and to investigate the presence of cerium in the body of this insect through X-ray fluorescence...

Os artigos em Cultivar não representam nenhum consenso. Não esperamos que todos os leitores simpatizem ou concordem com o que encontrarem aqui. Muitos irão, fatalmente, discordar. Mas todos os colaboradores serão mantidos. Eles foram selecionados entre os melhores do país em cada área. Acreditamos que podemos fazer mais pelo entendimento dos assunt...

Os artigos em Cultivar não representam nenhum consenso. Não esperamos que todos os leitores simpatizem ou concordem com o que encontrarem aqui. Muitos irão, fatalmente, discordar. Mas todos os colaboradores serão mantidos. Eles foram selecionados entre os melhores do país em cada área. Acreditamos que podemos fazer mais pelo entendimento dos assunt...

The larvae of the lacewing Chrysoperla externa are important predators with the potential to be used in the biological control in agriculture. Although some studies provide important data on the gut morphology in lacewings, they are limited to few species. This study describes the anatomy and histology of the alimentary canal in the predatory larva...

The coffee crop hosts pests such as mites, mealybugs, and aphids which serve as food for the predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The preservation of this chrysopid in coffee agroecosystem is very important to achieve sustainability of this agricultural sector, and can be obtained by applying low toxicity insecticides. Th...

Predatory insects have reproductive organs rich in complex changes that may be responsible for the success of their population growth. The species Chrysoperla externa is a predator used in biological control programs in Latin America. However, there is no morphological data about the morphology of the reproductive tract in this insect. This study d...

Background Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) represents one of the greatest threats to agricultural crops. Chemical control is the primary tool used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. However, release of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) on tomato plants is a highly recommended control tactic. The objective of t...

Synthetic insecticides applied to control Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can have negative impacts on environment and human health. Botanical essential oils can be sources of organic molecules with biocontrol potential and advantages, such as minor impacts on the selection of resistant pest insects and low toxicity to humans. The ai...

Insecticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) can be also detrimental to natural enemies that are naturally present or released in the agroecosystems. Besides the mortality caused by pesticides, sublethal effects (such as reduction in fecundity, fertility, predation/parasitism rates, among others) can be observed on predators and parasitoid...

In the last 20 yr, the production of nanoparticles has increased, although their effects on organisms and the environment are not well understood. This research evaluated the transfer of cerium oxide (nano-CeO2) nanoparticles in a terrestrial trophic chain formed by the producer Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae) and a primary consumer,...

The development of new strategies to control pest insects are required, in combination with conventional pesticides or replacing them. Essential oils produced from botanical extracts used in management programs should be effective against pests and selective to natural enemies. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most d...

Macrolophus basicornis (Stal) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a promising biological control agent against tomato pests, mainly the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Nevertheless, the amount of pesticides used in tomato crops could compromise the effectiveness of M. basicornis in pest control. Thus, the prese...

In the original publication of the article, the authors have inadvertently missed to include a statement in the Acknowledgement section and the corrected version is given below.

Helicoverpa armigera e Spodoptera frugiperda, lepidópteros praga da cultura do milho são, consideradas pragas polífagas, causando danos também nas culturas de importância econômica, como algodoeiro, soja, sorgo entre outras. Para aumentar a sustentabilidade das recomendações de Manejo Integrado de Pragas é necessário entender como as ferramentas se...

Para aumentar a sustentabilidade das recomendações de Manejo Integrado de Pragas é necessário entender como as ferramentas se relacionam entre si. Assim, com intuito de compreender o papel de diferentes espécies de tesourinha no controle de lagartas e o papel do uso de inseticidas químicos seletivos às espécies de tesourinhas, avaliou-se a capacida...

Technologies that increase safety and efficiency, while facilitating and streamlining the work of seed analysts, are increasingly required by the seed industry. X-ray image analysis is a technique that has been used in the analysis of grain and seeds because it is fast, accurate and non-destructive. The traditional method to verify the presence of...

Leaf-cutting ants are the main pests in forest plantations. The most commonly used chemical control for the ants is toxic bait. However, the active ingredients in these baits have been restricted by forest certification organizations, justifying the search for new active compounds to control these insects. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the form...

This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of paracress (Acmella oleracea) extracts to the aphids Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and the extracts selectivity to the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and to the predator Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthoco...

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a reduced risk insecticide, which used as seed treatment in many crops. However, CAP residues can contaminate pollen and nectar, becoming a potential risk to beneficial arthropods. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the non-target effects of CAP seed treatment of cotton on Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccin...

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a key pest in tomato crops worldwide. In Europe, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs of this pest focus on releases of generalist mirid predators. In Brazil, Macrolophus basicornis (Stal) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a potential biological control agent of T....

Given the importance of green lacewings as agents of biological pest control, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides used on coffee crops on the eggs and larvae of Chrysoperla externa. The insecticides tested were (g or mL a.i./L) chlorpyrifos (2.25), cartap hydrochloride (1.66), pyriproxyfen (0.33), profenofos/lufenuron (...

BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam, when applied as a seed treatment, can contaminate plant products, such as extrafloral nectar, and have non‐target effects on beneficial arthropods. This study assessed the non‐target effects of thiamethoxam applied to cotton seed on the life history parameters of the predators Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) a...

The mirid Engytatus varians (Distant) is a promising biological control agent of the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), one of the most destructive pests of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The effects of five insecticides commonly used on tomato crops in Brazil were evaluated on E. varians in laboratory and semifiel...

Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous insect responsible for damage to several crops. Synthetic chemical insecticides and genetically modified plants are the most commonly used methods for FAW control. However, the selection of resistant populations has been reported in several studies, justifying the search for new molecules...

Iphimeis dives Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was recorded feeding on young and mature leaves of Inga edulis Mart. (Fabaceae) plants in the urban area of Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in Nov 2013 and Nov 2014 at the beginning of the rainy season. Iphimeis dives males and females were brought to the laboratory for species identification, a...

The effects of plant extracts from Actinostemon concolor, Geonoma schottiana, Palicourea rigida and Rudgea viburnoides on Spodoptera frugiperda were evaluated in this study. The extracts were incorporated into an artificial diet (1 mg mL⁻¹ of diet) and offered to S. frugiperda caterpillars. The extract of A. concolor caused 36.1 % mortality in S. f...

To contribute to the development of new products to control the coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella), which is a major pest for coffee plants, this work aimed to select plant species able to produce substances active against this insect and to identify the active substances in the selected plant and their protein targets in the insect. Among th...

The treatment of seeds with systemic insecticides has become a common practice worldwide. However, this prophylactic use of insecticides has been questioned recently because of the potential risks to non-target organisms. This study assessed the non-target effects of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam seed treatments on the life history and walki...

In order to aid the integration of biological and chemical controls for the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), this study evaluated the relative toxicity of five insecticides to the leaf miner predator Macrolophus basicornis (Stal) (Hemiptera: Miridae). The insecticides evaluated were teflubenzuron, abamectin, ch...

Pesticides are considered the first line of defense for the control of pests and diseases. At least in the short and medium term, the use of pesticides will remain an important strategy for pest management, allowing growers to produce crops of sufficient quality at low costs. A broad approach known as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines sever...

The predator Chrysoperla carnea is a model species for the study of non-target effects of pesticides under different scenarios: registration of plant protection products under the European Union and effects of the Bt toxin. Laboratory and persistence studies were carried out with six pesticides currently used in corn crops in Spain that were applie...

The sap-feeding aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) causes significant damage to potato crops and is a main transmitter of potato leafroll virus (PLRV). The lacewing Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen.1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a natural predator of the aphid and an important biological control agent. The aim of this study was to d...

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered a pest of maize crops throughout the Western Hemisphere. We report on the effects of aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae) on the biology of S. frugiperda, as an alternative source of natural bioactive molecules for the sustainable manageme...