Georgios Romanos

Stony Brook University | Stony Brook · Department of Periodontology

The purpose of this study was to employ the use of thermographic techniques to compare temperature changes and thermal heat transfer patterns in soft tissues when using the 445nm-diode laser with initiated and non-initiated tips. Methods: Bovine tongue slices measuring 5 mm in thickness were placed in between two microscopy glass slides at a distan...

Objectives: Patient perception of and satisfaction with dentistry are important because they influence treatment adherence and overall outcomes. This study investigated patients’ perceptions of laser-assisted esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) for treating “gummy smiles” using either an open-flap or flapless technique. Materials and Methods: This stu...

Objectives Different approaches to prosthodontic consultation, all involving a strong focus on shared decision-making, were analyzed from the perspective of patients by inter-group comparisons. No patient decision aid (PDA) was used in the control group, a paper-based PDA in test group 1, and a software-based PDA in test group 2. Materials and met...

Background: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy is the first step of periodontal diseases treatment. It could be performed with various instruments and in recent years lasers have been tested too. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term clinical effectiveness of Er:YAG laser monotherapy in the treatment of moderate chronic periodontit...

This investigation was designed to evaluate clinical feasibility of the use of narrow-diameter implants to support mandibular overdenture. Twelve patients presenting with an edentulous mandible were recruited from 9 dental offices (n=1~2 per office). Each patient received two to four implants in the mandible. The implants were placed without additi...

Narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) can be inserted instead of standard dental implants (SDIs) in sites with limited space and bone availability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant diameter on peri-implant bone, attached mucosa, and on the associated probability of implant success and survival. The implants with progressive thr...

The placement of implants in the anterior maxillary and mandibular region requires both esthetic proficiency and surgical finesse. It is important to consider the esthetic outcome while avoiding any type of nerve injury for the patient. In this literature review, anatomical structures of the anterior jaw were reviewed from a gross anatomical and ra...

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of soft tissue regeneration in nude mice using grafts made from the combination of adipocytes from fat tissue mesenchymal stem cells and fibrin gel from peripheral blood. Materials and methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue and identified according to ISCT criteria. The...

Background: The present study aims to analyze the use of Laser-Lok microtextured neck implants placed with a transmucosal surgical approach. The marginal bone level (MBL) and periodontal parameters were evaluated in a cohort prospective 4-year clinical study. Methods: A total of 41 implants were placed in 36 healthy consecutive patients (16 male...

To examine the influence of the distance between adjacent implant osteotomies on heat accumulation in the inter-osteotomy area, two experimental groups with 15 pairs of osteotomies in Type II polyurethane blocks were compared: 7 mm inter-osteotomy separations (Group A, n = 15) and 14 mm inter-osteotomy separations (Group B, n = 15). An infrared the...

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the penetration depth of 445 and 970 nm diode lasers using both initiated and non-initiated fibers on bovine gingiva in an ex vivo model. Methods: In this in vitro experiment, 445 nm and 970 nm diode lasers were compared in pulsed (35 Hz, duty cycle: 50%) and continuous mode with both initiated and non-initi...

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of metal-ceramic vs metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete denture prostheses (IFCDPs). Materials and methods: An electronic literature database search was conducted in the CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Additionally, a manual search of the literature was performed. S...

Most available antiseptic solutions have strong antibacterial effects, but many also possess major cytotoxic effects on gingival fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and/or epithelial cells. A novel VEGA Oral Care Recovery Kit (StellaLife) consisting of 16 active ingredients that are monographed in the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the Un...

Abstract: The use of guided bone regeneration to achieve a stable peri-implant bone foundation has been shown to be a highly predictable and successful treatment in dental implantology. A variety of methods have been described in the literature to obtain this objective, including the use of titanium mesh. In this report of two patient cases, CAD-de...

This study aims to evaluate the grid of Merz and ImageJ methods for histometric quantification, verifying which is more reliable and defining which is most suitable based on the time required to perform. Thirty histological samples of maxillary sinuses grafted with xenografts were evaluated using an optical light microscope attached to an image cap...

Every year more and more innovative pharmacological agents are introduced medicine, to treat systemic diseases. Due to these rapid and recent advancements, many patients are receiving treatment with a high variety of drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, bisphosphonates, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitors, cyclosporine, and...

Lasers are increasingly utilized in the non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease. The aim of the present systematic review with meta-analysis was to investigate the combination use of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser therapy in the treatment of severe periodontitis. A systematic review of the literature including searches in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Li...

Objective: In dentistry, patient and physician adoption of diode lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) continues to increase as research indicates that diode lasers and LEDs may be used for surgical and nonsurgical procedures. The goal of this literature review was to critically analyze randomized controlled trials and experimental trials to prov...

This paper is based on lean principles and how they can apply to dental offices for general dental practitioners and specialists. In addition, this paper highlights how to identify and eliminate waste. This information provides value to the process in a dental office, establishing a platform and roadmap for lean thinking and how these principles ca...

There are different avenues for obtaining postgraduate doctoral/Ph.D. degrees in Germany and abroad. Depending on their interests and career plans, candidates can choose a postgraduate doctorate/Ph.D. that focuses on a career in academia or a doctorate that does not involve all elements of a Ph.D. and is obtained for the title’s sake. Germany offer...

Background: With laser irradiation emerging as an adjunctive treatment utilized in nonsurgical periodontal therapy, it is important to understand the variance of penetration depth among the different laser wavelengths. Purpose: To evaluate the thermal penetration depth, as a photothermal effect, of carbon dioxide (CO2)-, erbium: doped yttrium-alumi...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the microchemistry of human bone in different regions of interest (ROIs) on histologic samples of implants retrieved postmortem by the innovative use of an environmental scanning electronic microscope (ESEM) connected to energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Materials and methods: Maxillary and...

The success of osseointegration depends on many factors. With temperatures beyond a 47C threshold over 1 min, bone survival may be impaired. The purpose of the study was to evaluate, in fresh human cadaver tibiae, the temperature changes during osteotomy preparations using two straight and two tapered implant systems’ drills, external irrigation, a...

Sinus surgery procedures such as sinus lifting with bone grafting or maxillary functional endoscopy surgery (FESS) can present different complications. The aims of this systematic review are to compile the post-operatory complications of sinus elevation with bone grafting and FESS including voice changes, and to elucidate if those changes are eithe...

Bone graft materials from synthetic, bovine, and human sources were analyzed and tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2). Raman spectroscopy indicated significant amounts of collagen only in human bone-derived materials, where the mineral to protein ratio was 3.55 ± 0.45, consistent with bo...

Objectives There is no information today about the impact of abutment type on the crestal bone stability. This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the crestal bone levels (CBL) and failures of implants with prefabricated and customized abutments after the long term.Materials and methodsThe mesial and distal CBL around dental implants with pre...

This in vitro study evaluated the surface hydrophobicity of 3D-printed denture base resin exposed to either an extended post-curing light exposure time or a sandblasting procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Disk-shaped samples (diameter × height: 10 mm × 3 mm) were 3D-printed with stereolithography SLA technology using the denture-base resin. Samples...

Clinical considerations and treatment criteria in implant placement are constantly evolving. Prosthetically driven implant surgery has become the standard of care to improve short and long‐term functional and esthetic outcomes. Therefore, implant position and angulation are planned according to the available bone, anatomical structures, and the req...

Implant site preparation is a critical stage of implant surgery that may underpin various complications related to implant surgery. This review discusses the latest available scientific information on risk factors related to implant site preparation. The role of the drilling process in relation to the density of the available alveolar bone, the eff...

This study compares the clinical outcomes of Er,Cr:YSGG (2,780 nm) laser–assisted open-flap (OF) and flapless (FL) esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) for the treatment of altered passive eruption. Thirty-six healthy patients requiring ECL were randomly divided into two groups: OF and FL. Gingivectomy and ostectomy were performed with an Er,Cr:YSGG la...

Light Therapy in Dentistry: Efficacy, Uses, and Limitations.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of application of a recently developed bio-adhesive (Impladhesive) to abutment screw threads on the removal torque value and rotational misfit at the implant–abutment junction. This in vitro study evaluated 20 implant fixtures and 20 straight abutments. Specimens were randomly divided into two groups (...

Abstract The aim of the present case report was to demonstrate the vertical gain in the posterior resorbed mandible utilizing the use of an Allograft Customized Bone Block. The case presents a 66-year-old healthy female nonsmoker who lost her right mandibular molars long time ago. In the past, she had an implant placement, which failed due to a fra...

The use of immediate implants in the aesthetic area is a technique widely used in modern implantology. The characteristics of the patient, the implant, and the surgical procedure used may influence the final results. The aim was to assess whether the implant design affects primary (P.S.) and secondary stability (S.S.), bone level (B.L.), and PES/WE...

Aim: To review the potential risks associated with the use of bone grafting materials in relation to their nickel content and analyze the elemental makeup of commonly used bone grafts and barrier membranes in dentistry, specifically the concentration of nickel within these materials. Materials and methods: Analysis of the individual dental bone gra...

Bone regeneration and remodeling are crucial to healing after surgical interventions. Local and systemic factors impact healing. Some well-known medications actively alter bone remodeling. The objective of this report was to increase awareness of less commonly recognized medications that may delay the integration of bone grafts. This case report pr...

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the condensation and the microarchitecture of implant bed walls of sites prepared with counterclockwise drilling with tapered implant drills using optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: Four drill designs with different wall and tip angles were used. Polyurethane laminas resembling type IV bone m...

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of depigmentation, patient perceptions, and the recurrence rates of physiological gingival pigments during a 2-year follow-up after ablative depigmentation using two laser wavelengths: diode 940 nm and Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 nm. Materials and methods Sixty patients exhibiting physiological melanin hyperpigmentation in...

The paper presents the inferior alveolar nerve transposition as a successful surgical technique when other treatment options are not possible in the severely resorbed posterior mandible. Based on three clinical cases, this technique is presented in conjunction with implant placement and immediate loading. The paper aims to present the mandibular ne...

This study aimed to analyze Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid throughout supportive mucositis therapy. Twenty-six participants with Branemark protocol prosthesis were divided into two groups: the control group, characterized by healthy peri-implants, and the mucositis group, presenting a diagnosis of per...

Few studies have assessed active tactile sensibility in patients rehabilitated with implants. Improved knowledge about functional tactile sensibility will contribute to several clinical applications, such as protocols for immediate loading, prosthesis design, occlusal improvement in implantology, and physiological integration of implant-supported p...

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory efficacy of sodium chloride- and a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinses in patients undergoing minimal invasive periodontal surgery. Materials and methods Forty-seven patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis and indication for access flap procedure were randomly selected. Grou...

Objective: Laser irradiation is being used for treatment of peri-implantitis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the heat transfer from laser irradiation on an implant-supported, metal-ceramic fixed prosthesis in vitro. Materials and methods: Two titanium implants were placed in artificial type I bone, and after abutment connection, a bridge wa...

The main goal in the treatment of periodontitis is the removal of subgingival biofilm, bacterial endotoxins, and calculus, which are localized in the hard tissues, such as cementum, enamel, and exposed dentin. Dental lasers may contribute to the field of periodontology, where other types of therapy and protocols cannot achieve the best clinical out...

Medical advances for bone surgical procedures are, among others, facilitated by suitable and practice‐oriented drilling and bone‐cutting techniques. A promising alternative to drills, microsaws, trephines, and piezosurgery for osteotomy procedures is bone osteotomy using lasers. In vitro osteotomies using human bone initially used industrial lasers...

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser) is light with specific properties and may interact with tissues and materials. Physically seen, the change of energy levels of electrons in an atom produces the laser radiation. With the term laser is identified a physical principle leading to the production of electromagnetic radiatio...

Different laser systems have various indications in the multiple phases of implant treatment and for the management of complications. These clinical options include today: soft tissue surgery before implant placement or at the stage of implant uncovering (second stage surgery); during the loading phase; for the treatment of peri‐implantitis; for im...

The use of low‐level‐therapy (low intensity) lasers (soft lasers) possibly provides biostimulatory effects in the tissues (biomodulation), while the various wavelengths and features of surgical lasers (hard lasers) influence wound healing directly or indirectly. This chapter focuses on the typical changes of the tissues during wound healing and pro...

The different effects of certain laser systems can apply for the removal of soft tissue tumors, soft tissue cysts, and precancerous lesions, such as leukoplakia. The indications of the lasers in oral surgery vary from the common excision, biopsies, and coagulation of blood vessels to the complicated therapy of the removal of precancerous lesions an...

When lasers are introduced into a healthcare environment, whether in a hospital, surgery center, physician's office, or a dental office, healthcare professionals must be prepared to address issues of safety for both the staff and the patient. The International Electrotechnical Commission 60825‐1 3.0:2014, 60601‐2‐22 Ed. 3.1:2011 and 60825‐8:2006 ar...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as a modality to reduce bacterial load or even to eliminate periodontal pathogens. An extremely important aspect which needs to be kept in mind when considering the use of PDT is the lack of bacterial resistance, which gains even more importance in light of the worldwide increase in bacterial resistance...

Purpose: Short implants are used in clinical conditions of insufficient vertical bone availability. This study aimed to compare the primary stability of short implants with different macrodesigns placed in different bone densities in vitro. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty short (6-mm) implants (20/group) were placed at the bone level i...

Locator® and ball attachments are well-established systems to attach overdentures to two inter-foraminal implants. This study aimed to evaluate differences between the two systems regarding prosthetic maintenance and patients’ oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Dental records of patients with a mandibular implant-retained overdenture wer...

Objective: The aim of this ex vivo study was to assess the mean temperature change deep in tissue during diode laser (980 vs. 810 nm) irradiation using continuous and pulsed laser and initiated versus noninitiated tips. Background Data: Previous studies have determined thermal effects of diode lasers on tissue damage but have yet to compare the in...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of printing layer thickness on the repeatability and surface roughness of 3D-printed dies and detect the effect of layer thickness and storage time on the dimensional stability of 3D-printed dies. One stereolithography (STL) file of an upper molar prepared for a full ceramic crown was used to pri...

The objective of this review was to analyze the process of wear of implants leading to the shedding of titanium particles into the peri-implant hard and soft tissues. Titanium is considered highly biocompatible with low corrosion and toxicity, but recent studies indicate that this understanding may be misleading as the properties of the material ch...

During the last decade, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant infections. Nonetheless, contradicting clinical and microbiological outcomes and only results on a short-term basis have been reported so far, thus making it difficult to conclude on clinically relevant recommendati...

The aim of the present review was to assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on bone grafting procedures that included religious belief as an eligibility criterion. Indexed databases were searched up to and including February 2019 using different search strategies. In strategy 1, the following terms were used: (a) belief; (b) bone graft; (c) fai...

Objective This manuscript aims to review the literature and evidence of the association of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition. Methods A systematic review was performed using electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-A...

Objective: The present systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on neurosensory recovery of patients with inferior alveolar nerve injury following third molar surgery or dental implant placement. Method and materials: An electronic search was carried out in Scopus, Embase, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science,...