Georgia T. Chao

• Michigan State University

Objective Team leadership facilitates teamwork and is important to patient care. It is unknown whether physician gender‐based differences in team leadership exist. The objective of this study was to assess and compare team leadership and patient care in trauma resuscitations led by male and female physicians. Methods We performed a secondary analy...

Introduction: Effective team leadership is linked to better patient care during resuscitations. Several studies suggest a relationship between team leader gender and the quality of resuscitation leadership and clinical care. However, these studies have been either (1) retrospective investigations that do not capture clinical care processes or (2) s...

Objectives: Trauma resuscitations are complex critical care events that present patient safety-related risk. Simulation-based leadership training is thought to improve trauma care; however, there is no robust evidence supporting the impact of leadership training on clinical performance. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical impact...

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of this research was to assess the clinical impact of simulation-based team leadership training on team leadership effectiveness and patient care during actual trauma resuscitations. This translational work addresses an important gap in simulation research and medical education research. METHODS/STUDY POPULAT...

Psychologists have studied small-group and team effectiveness for decades, and although there has been considerable progress, there remain significant challenges. Meta-analyses and systematic research have provided solid evidence for core team cognitive, motivational, affective, and behavioral processes that contribute to team effectiveness and emp...

If one has been involved in the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) since its inception, as we have, one will have had several opportunities to reflect on the issue of licensing to regulate the practice of industrial and organizational psychology (IOP). Some find value in licensure, but the vast majority of industrial and or...

Team cognition has been identified as a critical component of team performance and decision-making. However, theory and research in this domain continues to remain largely static; articulation and examination of the dynamic processes through which collectively held knowledge emerges from the individual- to the team-level is lacking. To address this...

This integrative review focuses on leadership in the context of work groups and teams: team-centric leadership. Although the process of leadership is largely viewed as one of social influence, most theories of leadership are agnostic about the social units and context within which it occurs. The review examines recent research on mainstream leaders...

Multilevel theory and research have advanced organizational science but are limited because the research focus is incomplete. Most quantitative research examines top-down, contextual, cross-level relationships. Emergent phenomena that manifest from the bottom up from the psychological characteristics, processes, and interactions among individuals—a...

To determine the impact of a low-resource-demand, easily disseminated computer-based teamwork process training intervention on teamwork behaviors and patient care performance in code teams. A randomized comparison trial of computer-based teamwork training versus placebo training was conducted from August 2010 through March 2011. This study was cond...

Background: Whether for team training, research or evaluation, making effective use of simulation-based technologies requires robust, reliable and accurate assessment tools. Extant literature on simulation-based assessment practices has primarily focused on scenario and instructional design; however, relatively little direct guidance has been prov...

Presents a conceptualization of culture as a multilevel construct. A brief review of how culture is defined and viewed from different levels is given. Against this background, the multilevel nature of culture is examined in 2 domains of international research: cross cultural research and intercultural research. Finally, the author examines how di...

Emergence as a multilevel process has received limited research attention in the micro–meso disciplines of organizational science. Our intent is to explain the conceptual underpinnings of emergence and to advance a more dynamic, process-oriented conceptualization. We discuss emergence as a bottom-up, multilevel process and focus attention on three...

Badri is an Iranian businesswoman representing her firm in first-round negotiations with a new alliance partner from Munich, Germany. When she enters the room, her counterpart from the German firm, Johann, reaches out his hand for her to shake as a first gesture of goodwill. Badri hesitates, but takes Johannʹs hand briefly, shakes it once, smiling...

Formal mentoring programs are often implemented to help early career professionals; however, research on these programs has found mixed support. The general literature on formal mentoring programs has shifted from early studies comparing informal and formal mentoring to studies of the program characteristics related to success. A pilot program for...

This article contends that a complete understanding of employment discrimination should consider conscious and unconscious sources of bias. Research on implicit social cognition has described how prejudice and stereotypes operate at an unconscious level. These processes are believed to be fundamental properties of human cognition and universal acro...

Despite extensive evidence that tests are valid for employee selection, Federal Guidelines have urged employers to seek alternative selection procedures that are equally valid but have less adverse impact on minorities. Research on the validity, adverse impact and fairness of eight categories of alternatives was reviewed. Feasibility of operational...

Workforce population trends have increased the numbers and kinds of culturally diverse people who work together. Researchers in organizational behavior have often examined culture through values; however, cultural values can be based on collections of people other than traditional nation states. A cultural mosaic is presented as a framework to iden...

The growing number of expatriates highlights the importance of organizational socialization as these people strive to adjust to a new work environment in a foreign country. Research hypotheses presented by Feldman (1997) are reviewed for their impact on future research. The complexities of organizational socialization or work adjustment within an i...

As a relationship, mentorship is theorized to evolve through several stages over time (K. E. Kram, 1985). Results from 178 protégés supported Kram's sequence of 4 mentoring phases: Initiation, Cultivation, Separation, and Redefinition. In addition, protégés in the Initiation phase reported lower levels of mentoring functions than other protégés; ho...

This longitudinal study examined hypothesized moderating effects of role development on the link between unmet expectations and socialization outcomes. Data were collected from 248 new hires before organizational entry and at an average of 4 weeks after entry. Three role expectations—conflict, clarity, and acceptance—were measured at both data coll...

Content dimensions of the socialization domain were defined to determine relationships between learning particular features of a job/organization and the process and outcomes of socialization. Six socialization dimensions (performance proficiency, politics, language, people, organizational goals/values, and history) were supported by a factor analy...

Research on mentorships has suffered from fragmentation of key issues; specifically, type of mentoring relationship, functions served by the mentor, and outcomes of the mentoring relationship. A field study was conducted comparing 212 protégés who were involved in informally developed mentorships, 53 protégés involved in formal mentor-ship programs...

For this report, a review of the organizational literature was conducted to compile current research and applied knowledge relevant to personnel or work force reductions. The review was performed to develop a reference resource for managing U.S. Army force reductions. More than 300 case, research, conceptual, and prescriptive sources were examined...

Data from 1,755 managers were used to compare a perceptually based operationalization of career plateau with the traditional measure based on job tenure. Results for four outcome measures (intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, organizational identification, and career planning) showed the perceptually based measure of career plate...

Twelve fictitious scenarios of mentor-protege relationships in career development were evaluated by 243 undergraduates. Their evaluations of female-female mentorships were less favorable in career success scenarios and more favorable in career plateau scenarios than those of other gender-based mentorships. (SK)

Data from managers were used to compare a perceptually based measure of career plateau with the traditional measure based on job tenure. Subjects were 1,253 alumni from 10 graduation classes who received baccalaureate degrees between the years 1952 and 1985 from a large public university in the Midwest. On a questionnaire, perceptions of a career p...

Reports an error in "Employee perceptions on the implementation of robotic manufacturing technology" by Georgia T. Chao and Steve W. Kozlowski (Journal of Applied Psychology, 1986[Feb], Vol 71[1], 70-76). Several crucial horizontal rules were omitted from Table 2. The corrected table appears in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original a...

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 71(3) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2008-10743-001). Several crucial horizontal rules were omitted from Table 2. The corrected table appears in the erratum.] A review of the industrial robotics literature identified 4 areas of employee concern during the implementa...

The results of numerous social perception studies have led researchers to conclude that raters' implicit cognitive schemata regarding trait and behavior covariance may play a crucial role in the rating judgment process. W. H. Cooper (see PA, Vol 66:9176 and 9262) proposed one such cognitive schema, semantic conceptual similarity, as a key source of...

Reviews research on the validity, adverse impact on minorities, and fairness of 8 categories of alternatives to employee selection tests and discusses the feasibility of operational use of each type of alternative in an employment setting. Only biodata and peer evaluation have validities substantially equal to those for standardized tests. Previous...

Organizational socialization is a process of work adjustment that affects how long an individual remains employed with the organization. It describes how people learn to fit into a new organization or job. It is a process by which an individual learns appropriate attitudes, behaviors and knowledge associated with a particular role in an organizatio...

Thesis (M.S.)--Pennsylvania State University. Library holds archival microfilm negative and service copy,