George K Stylios

George K Stylios
Heriot-Watt University · RIFleX

Doctor of Philosophy
I research TENGS mechanics, membranes ETextiles & wearables I publish papers, & I continue to edit my journal IJCST.

About

256
Publications
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Introduction
I am working on a joint funded EPSRC research project on TENGS. I also work on combination fabric mechanics, on electrospun nano-membranes, and on E textiles and wearables.

Publications

Publications (256)
Chapter
The organic–inorganic hybrid composite fibres provide alternative materials to the materials community and exhibit novelty, astonishing performance features, and particular application-based characteristics. Smart materials could be produced by modifying the material attributes of hybrid fibre composition at the molecular level. Processing and mole...
Article
Full-text available
We report a controlled deposition process using atmospheric plasma to fabricate silver nanoparticle (AgNP) structures on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates, essential for stretchable electronic circuits in wearable devices. This technique ensures precise printing of conductive structures using nanoparticles as precursors, while the relationship...
Preprint
Full-text available
We report plasma-aided printing of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) conductive lines on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces- a key advancement in stretchable electronic circuits for wearable devices. This low-temperature process enables the direct printing of conductive structures on PDMS, making it compatible with current manufacturing practices for we...
Article
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The structure of a fabric is a highly complex assembly of fibres, which have order and regularity as well as disorder and randomness. The complexity of the structure poses challenges in defining its mechanical behaviour, particularly at low stress, which is typical to end uses. The coexistence of multiple deformations and the high degree of nonline...
Article
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The structure of fibrous assemblies is highly complex, being both random and regular at the same time, which leads to the complexity of its mechanical behaviour. Using algorithms such as machine learning to process complex mechanical property data requires consideration and understanding of its information principles. There are many different metho...
Article
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To meet the complex and diverse demands for low-stress mechanical measurements of fabrics and other flexible materials, two integrated multidimensional force sensors with the same structure but different ranges were explored. They can support both rapid and precise low-noise, high-precision, low-cost, easy-to-use, reliable, and intelligent solution...
Article
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This review is a critical analysis of the current state‐of‐the‐art in core spun yarn textile triboelectric nanogenerators (CSY‐T‐TENGs) for self‐powered smart sensing applications. The rapid expansion of wireless communication, flexible conductive materials, and wearable electronics over the last ten years is now demanding autonomous energy, which...
Article
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Despite the widespread interest in electrospinning technology, very few simulation studies have been conducted. Thus, the current research produced a system for providing a sustainable and effective electrospinning process by combining the design of experiments with machine learning prediction models. Specifically, in order to estimate the diameter...
Article
This paper aims to establish a new sustainable membrane with antifouling properties by developing a structured porous membrane with a honeycomb-like surface fabricated by blending polymers and additives via immersion precipitation and using a thermally induced phase inversion method coupled with exposure time to vapor. The hydrophilicity properties...
Article
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The ability to replicate electrospinning using a computer tool is of critical importance. Even though electrospinning technology has received much attention, there haven't been many simulation studies. Therefore, the present study established a combined design of experiments and machine learning prediction models methodology to offer a sustainable...
Chapter
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The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly production and treatment of pharmaceuticals in relation to water is a significant challenge for environmental safety. The pharmaceuticals industry consumes a considerable amount of fresh water and discharges wastewater contaminated with organic and inorganic hazardous molecules, which can be toxic to the...
Chapter
Green-based materials are currently considered as one of the most vital areas of sustainable development. In the present study, a water-soluble chitosan-based electrospun nanofiber membrane was prepared as a green nanocatalyst for water purification. It was noticed that the water-soluble chitosan nanofiber’s diameter was smaller and more hydrophili...
Article
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The Chinese pharmaceutical industry and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are both vital components of Chinese culture. Some traditional methods used to prepare TCMs have lost their conformity, and as a result, are producing lower-quality medicines. In this regard, the TCM sector has been looking for new ways to boost productivity and product qual...
Article
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3D‐printed cellular structures have attracted increased attention in recent years due to the many advantages of additive manufacturing technology. However, much of the current research is focused on the use of rigid or combined rigid and soft materials. Herein, the impact resistance of 3D cellular structures manufactured by stereolithography (SLA)...
Article
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Resultant behavior of sewing thread cycling recovery on stitched fabrics played an important role on the prediction of seam appearance. In this present research cycling recovery behavior of four different sewing threads is explored which were stitched with 10 different light weight woven fabrics. Experimental analysis concluded that low cycling rec...
Article
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Noise is a common problem in wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring systems because the presence of noise can corrupt the ECG waveform causing inaccurate signal interpretation. By comparison with electromagnetic interference and its minimization, the reduction of motion artifact is more difficult and challenging because its time-frequency char...
Chapter
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Protective textiles have been the primary choice in protecting humans from hazardous substances. Conventional protective textiles are shifting towards a smart and sustainable alliance. Nanomaterials are emerging materials that can be incorporated into traditional fabrics for the development of advanced smart and sustainable protective textiles due...
Article
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In recent years, the environmental pollution caused by micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) has increased. As a result of their negative impact on human health and the environment, MNPs have emerged as new scientific challenges. However, there are still some inconclusive findings. In this perspective, we analyze the traditional membrane performance that is th...
Article
In the present work, polyethersulfone/polyacrylonitrile (PES/PAN) blended electrospun nanofiber-based membrane was fabricated and applied for an environmentally friendly protocol for removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The structural integrity of the newly synthesized membrane was investigated by SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD, demonstrati...
Article
Full-text available
Using an environmentally friendly approach for eliminating methylene blue from an aqueous solution, the authors developed a unique electrospun nanofiber membrane made of a combination of polyethersulfone and hydroxypropyl cellulose (PES/HPC). SEM results confirmed the formation of a uniformly sized nanofiber membrane with an ultrathin diameter of 1...
Article
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Part I of this study established the concept and built the theoretical basis for a novel composite yarn. Part II deals with practical aspects of producing the yarn structural parameters necessary for flexible textile composite uses. This study investigates how to maximise the number of breaks of the core or foundation component of the yarn by using...
Article
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In this work, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (EUOLstabilized silver nanoparticles (EUOL@AgNPs) incorporated sulfonated polyether sulfone (SPES)/polyethersulfone (PES) electrospun nanofiber membranes (SP ENMs) were prepared by electrospinning, and they were studied for the removal of lead (Pb(II)) and cadmium (Cd(II)) ions from aqueous solutions. Th...
Article
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This study reports on the development of a novel form of yarn reinforcement for making super tough, flexible composites. The concept is based on the rupturing of components of the composite yarn many times before totally breaking. The composite yarn structure has a configuration of three main components − helical, straight and sinusoidal. The compo...
Article
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Membrane materials might be used for face protection because they can decontaminate the inhaled air from particle pollution and viruses like the SARS-Cov0-2 which damages our respiration system. In this study, plyethersulfone membranes (PES) were synthesized with green solvent at room temperature and its filtration effectiveness was investigated ag...
Article
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Water is needed for food processing facilities to carry out a number of tasks, including moving goods, washing, processing, and cleaning operations. This causes them to produce wastewater effluent, and they are typically undesirable since it contains a high volume of suspended solids, bacteria, dyestuffs, salts, oils, fats, chemical oxygen demand a...
Article
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Environment-friendly chitosan-modified-poly(vinyl alcohol) or (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) electrospun nanofiber membrane (ENM) adsorbent was prepared for the removal of As(III) from an aqueous solution. The chitosan(CS)-functionalized-PVA/SA ENM (CS-f-PVA/SA) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectro...
Article
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Commercial high-performance fibre materials for body armour have very low surface friction and this has become an issue in the effectiveness of ballistic impact energy absorption. Also, the incidence of sports injuries in high contact sports is high. The severity of injuries of police and sportsman can be reduced by wearing enhanced protective clot...
Article
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A motion artefact is a kind of noise that exists widely in wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Reducing motion artefact is challenging in ECG signal preprocessing because the spectrum of motion artefact usually overlaps with the very important spectral components of the ECG signal. In this paper, the performance of the finite impulse respo...
Article
Electrospun nanofibre membranes are employed to treat wastewater from dye pollution because of their outstanding properties. In this study, novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrophilic electrospun nanofibre membranes were prepared using low-temperature synthesis (LTS) at 50 °C with a persulfate (PS) reagent and applied successfully to catalytic...
Article
Full-text available
The sensing/adapting/responding, multifunctionality, low energy, small size and weight, ease of forming, and low-cost attributes of SMART textiles and their multidisciplinary scope offer numerous end uses in medical, sports and fitness, military, fashion, automotive, aerospace, built environment, and energy industries. The research and development...
Article
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A new SMART fabric concept is reported in which visual changes of the material are designed to influence different human emotions. This is achieved by developing a novel electrochromic composite yarn, knitted into pattern-changing fabrics, which has high response in temperature change and uniform contrast. The influence of these pattern-changing ef...
Article
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A simple model of a lockstitch seam (301) has been developed in part I, which is used to derive a measure of the severity of puckering in the seam. This article compares the numerical assessment of pucker, derived from the model in part I, with fabric mechanics experiments and visual assessments of the phenomenon. It is shown that there is good lin...
Article
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This article considers a simple model of the lock stitch (301) seam, and uses it to derive a measure of the severity of puckering in the seam. The numerical value of the measure depends on the bending properties of the fabrics and thread in the seam, together with the tensions in the threads. How the latter may be estimated is discussed.
Article
Full-text available
A simple model of a lockstitch seam (301) has been developed in part I, which is used to derive a measure of the severity of puckering in the seam. This article compares the numerical assessment of pucker, derived from the model in part I, with fabric mechanics experiments and visual assessments of the phenomenon. It is shown that there is good lin...
Article
In this review, an attempt was made to summarize some of the recent developments in the spinnability of purified collagen. Due to the excellent biological properties of this biopolymer, it is often chosen among other biomimetic materials for processing into fibrous assemblies. During the last two decades, the challenges associated with regenerated...
Article
Full-text available
This research presents an investigation of novel textile-based strain sensors and evaluates their performance. The electrical resistance and mechanical properties of seven different textile sensors were measured. The sensors are made up of a conductive thread, composed of silver plated nylon 117/17 2-ply, 33 tex and 234/34 4-ply, 92 tex and formed...
Article
Textile electrodes have become popular in recent years for their good skin sensorial comfort and their good integration with clothing, which offers great potential for sensing of signals for wearable end uses. However, in comparison with wet electrodes, dry textile electrodes have much higher and unstable skin-electrode impedance, which could intro...
Article
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One step fabrication of the three dimension (3D) fibrous structure of Collagen-g-poly(MMA-co-EA)/Nylon6 was investigated by controlling the experimental conditions during coaxial electrospinning. This 3D fibrous structure is the result of interactions of two polymeric systems with a varied capability to be electrostatically polarized under the infl...
Article
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Wearable sensors have great potential uses in personal health monitoring systems, in which textile-based electrodes are particularly useful because they are comfortable to wear and are skin and environmentally friendly. In this paper, a hybrid textile electrode for electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement and motion tracking was introduced. The hybrid t...
Article
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A collagen-based copolymer, ASC-g-Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Ethyl Acrylate), was synthesized in the presence of Graphene Oxide (GO) via an in-situ polymerization. The presence of GO that increased the accessible surface area for initiated collagen chains allowed for an accelerated polymerization with highly improved grafting performance and effic...
Article
Collagen is an important natural biopolymer that cannot be electrospun easily due to the lost properties occurs in the associated degrading chains while dissolving and spinning. Grafting polymerization of methyl methacrylate-co-Ethyl Acrylate was applied to modify the surface of acid soluble collagen (ASC). The branched copolymer on the surface of...
Article
Collagen is an important natural biopolymer that cannot be electrospun easily due to the lost properties occurs in the associated degrading chains while dissolving and spinning. Grafting polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate-co-Ethyl Acrylate was applied to modify the surface of acid soluble collagen (ASC). The branched copolymer on the surface of...
Preprint
One step fabrication of 3D fiber stack of Acid Soluble Collagen-g-P(MMA-co-EA)/Nylon 6 formed by coaxial electrospinning is obtained through controlling the experimental conditions. The resulting 3D collagen based nanofibrous stack shows two distinguished assemblies: randomly oriented microfibers of 6.9±2.2µm diameter and dense branched nanofibers...
Preprint
A collagen-based copolymer (ASC-g-Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Ethyl Acrylate) was synthesized in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) via an in-situ polymerization. The presence of GO that increased the accessible surface area for initiated collagen chains allowed an accelerated polymerization with highly improved grafting performance and efficiency...
Article
In this study, Acid Soluble Collagen-g-P(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) (CME) was synthesized to take advantage of the flexibility of the resulted branched polymer chains and the high density of their chain entanglement. The coaxial electrospinning technique was applied to study the effect of electrically and structurally varied materials o...
Article
Full-text available
The present work highlights the formation of a novel green nanofiber based on H₂O₂-assisted water-soluble chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (WSCHT/PVA) by using water as an ecofriendly solvent and genipin used as a nontoxic cross-linker. The 20/80 blend ratio was found to have the most optimum uniform fiber morphology. WSCHT retained the same structure as...
Article
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Currently, green-based materials are receiving attention in a quest to achieve a sustainable environment for human life. Herein, we report an investigation of developing a simple novel green nanofibre by using H2O2-assisted water soluble chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (WSCHT/PVA) in the presence of water as an eco-friendly solvent. The effect of variou...
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to mathematically model the structure of doubled fancy yarns made by combining together several threads. Design/methodology/approach It was assumed that such a structure may have two distinctive parts – sinusoidal and helical (i.e. sigmoidal). This model is based on calculating the length of the effect thread...
Article
Measurements of the mechanical behavior of fabrics started during the Zeppelin era in the 1900s, where tensile, shear and biaxial behavior of the airship’s envelope fabric were measured. More measurement methods were developed later when there was a need to measure fabric handle and behavior. Although measurements of tensile, shear, buckling and be...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
I n Biotic material like collagen it is essential to modify their properties to desired conditions for specific end uses. To date the most of compatible surface modifications with spinning methods have been used as a simple post treatment with the aim of reducing the hydrophilicity of collagen that can extremely affect the quality of final product....
Article
Collagen is a natural polymer that cannot be applied freely to specific end uses due to its inherent drawbacks. Grafting polymerization of methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate was applied to modify the surface of acid soluble collagen (ASC). The main objective of this work is not only reducing the hydrophilic behavior of collagen on which has been...
Chapter
The stimulation of our senses is done by thought and influenced by our environment. This chapter endeavours to understand the working of our brain by investigating the relationship between artistic patterns and brain activity. We have designed modern textile SMART fabrics that have two state changes in their pattern by using a new thermochromic com...
Article
Roughness of textiles and garments is an important parameter influencing consumer choice. This work considers the effect of applying a polyurethane coating on the surface roughness of woven polymer fabrics. A number of different process parameters were tested, including curing temperature, gap spacing, coating speed and viscosity of the coating pas...
Article
Full-text available
Bubble electrospinning (BE) is a recently-invented simple needleless concept to produce nanofbres. The bubble electrospinning method is not yet well established and there is a need to study the effects of different parameters on the fibre morphology. In the present work, ethylcellulose (EC) was successfully electrospun from 15% EC solution in tolue...
Article
The capability for sustained and gradual release of pharmaceuticals is a major requirement in the development of a guided antimicrobial bacterial control system for clinical applications. In this study, PVA gels with varying constituents that were manufactured via a refreeze/thawing route, were found to have excellent potential for antimicrobial de...
Article
Full-text available
Phase Change Materials are the substances which can store or release a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at certain melting temperatures. Such properties open new opportunities in the development of thermo-regulating textiles for thermal protection against extreme environment. In this work, a woven fabric has been made using a novel...
Article
Full-text available
This paper explores the foundation of fabric mechanics and reveals that the discipline was pioneered in the early 1900s during the era of the Zeppelins, not by textile but by aeronautical engineers who wanted to predict the behavior of the outer shell of airships covered by fabric. The work of Haas is given particular attention in the context of hi...
Article
This paper discusses and establishes the static and dynamic drape of fabrics as an aesthetic property. A new algorithm is introduced, which defines more precisely the drapability of a given fabric. Experimental results show that it is more accurate to describe the different types of fabric-drape performance by using a feature vector, and this is fo...
Article
The effect of air-jet loom settings, such as initial warp tension, back rest position, shed closing time and shed height, on fabric skewness has been investigated. Skewness was related with loom setting parameters during commercial weaving machine trials. Adjustment of loom settings was carried out at different levels without changing the propertie...
Article
Sewing machine interactions at different speeds have been used to construct qualitative rules mapping fabric properties to optimum sewing machine settings for intelligent sewing machines. the inference procedures of fuzzy logic have been implemented in a neural network to allow for optimisation of output membership functions and, subsequently, self...
Chapter
An explanation of stitch formation and the interaction of the components and variables that constitute a ‘good seam’ are considered. It is shown how changes to those variables can affect the stitch equilibrium from a flat stable appearance to an unstable manifestation resulting in unbalanced seams, differential feed, bedding-in and seam puckering....
Chapter
Non-iron shirts by definition should be iron free. Although wrinkle-free fabrics have become commonplace, flat seams in non-iron shirts still remain a challenge. This practical discussion generated by the author's own research and experience highlights how an armhole seam in a shirt is joined by a lap or French seam and how the insertion of a narro...