George Soli

George Soli
Integrated Detector Systems

Bachelors degrees in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Washington and Physics from Central Washington State University
Working the octonion pre-gravity root-mass binding energy that is mediated by the U(1)-gravity dark-photon.

About

98
Publications
13,558
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475
Citations
Introduction
Using SU(2)R pre-gravity to define dark photons as the source of gravitational thrust in the standard thrust capacitor that conserves four-momentum. Dark photons are the quanta of electron gravitational binding energy that is released during electron effective root-mass decay into a dark photon during tunneling-wavepacket heterojunction-scattering in the standard thrust capacitor. The scattering is unitary s-matrix. Attempting to measure the pre-gravity equivalent to the photo-electric effect.
Additional affiliations
February 1984 - February 1996
California Institute of Technology
Position
  • Research Physicist
Description
  • Designed Active Pixel Sensors (APS) for use as ionizing particle detectors in deep space and for charge measurement in charge detection mass spectroscopy. Flew CMOS proton spectrometer on Clementine spacecraft and published data.
April 1996 - April 2011
Scientific Imaging Technology Inc.
Position
  • Research Physicist
Description
  • Exposed CCDs designed for radiation hardness, for use on the Hubble space telescope, to protons at the University of Washington particle accelerator. Used advanced CCD design tools.

Publications

Publications (98)
Preprint
Full-text available
A takeaway from the APS April meeting 2023 is to understand the IVO, Ltd quantum drive, that is scheduled to launch into Earth orbit this June, with the half-Newton. This need not be perpetual motion, thanks to new aikyon U(1)g force. We thank Professor Singh for the new potential energy needed to operate quantum drives without perpetual motion. Th...
Preprint
Full-text available
The physics experiment begins with 0.1 micro amps of electron quantum tunneling current in a field F = 0.25 [V/nm] in the standard thrust capacitor design. There would be no theoretical thrust at this field value if a dark photon is “producing” less than one quantum of inertia. However, as you approach the breakdown field value of F = 0.4 [V/nm], t...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In 1921, Theodor Kaluza discovered that Maxwell’s equations could be derived from Einstein’s equations if a fifth dimension was added to the usual four, provided that the size of the fifth dimension was on the order of the Planck length. In effect, Kaluza related electromagnetic and gravitational forces at the Planck length [0]. There is another wa...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This is an extended abstract for UAP detectors, called for by the AIAA Aviation conference to be held in Las Vagas July 2025. Because the abstract describes UAP design it is posted open source on ResearchGate. ### The assumption that UAPs use anti-dark photons as rocket propellant is supported by designing our own UAP using Standard Thrust Capacito...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Octonion theory antimass dark photon production is (to-be) shown by measuring 50 [mW] of heat radiated from the anode of a capacitor in a vacuum. The computed Fowler-Nordheim tunneling current provides the required energy to generate the measured heat. Dark photons in the anode map local zero momentum phonon eigenstates into nonlocal phonon 4-momen...
Preprint
Full-text available
But what if thrust capacitors don't thrust in outer space unless we can take the Poincare stress energy in the capacitor support structure and use the support structure itself for rocket exhaust? And perhaps this is why trust can be measured on the ground, but not in outer space! Now we know that dark photons carry Poincaré stress energy to produce...
Method
Full-text available
UAP technology is the Standard Thrust Capacitor or STC. It measures 4 [cm] by 4 [cm] with a dielectric that is 8 [microns] thick. The force it produces is Newtonian gravity. Gravity is so incredibly weak that it does not change the electromagnetic force in any measurable way. The STC uses the electromagnetic force to manipulate gravitational mass f...
Method
Full-text available
We are using the method of Lie group theory to direct us to new physics beyond the standard model. This method identifies SU(2)-Right and U(1)-DEM as new dark forces of nature. U(1)-DEM is mediated by the dark photon that is used to define UAP physics. UAPs are not a big hallucination because they have directed physics.
Preprint
Full-text available
The Standard Thrust Capacitor or STC uses relativistic MOND dark photons as rocket propellant to conserve momentum. We assume that the dark photon is massless and interacts with baryonic condensed matter only through gravitation. Momentum comes from one dark photon gravitationally backreacting one Planck mass of baryonic condensed matter in the STC...
Preprint
Full-text available
Quantised Inertia, or QI, thrust capacitor values are placed on a Fowler-Nordheim design-space plot. The design-space is in units j (Amps/centimeter-squared) -vs- F (Volts/nanometer). The computed value of j = 6.25 x 10^-9 (A/cm^2) at F = 0.25 (V/nm) is shown. Following the curvature in the design-space plot to the Kapton breakdown field F = 0.4 (V...
Poster
Full-text available
Conclusions • zero-active-mass cosmology defines fundamental particle rest mass energy as gravitational binding energy defined in SU(2)R pre-gravity. • Unruh effect Larmor radiation consumes 0.051 Watts of power. • in 8-dimensions each of N [e] electrons is an STM atom, that interacts through entanglement with other STM atoms for up to 35.42...
Preprint
Full-text available
Pre-gravity thrust in a hyperdrive is produced consuming local electron gravitational binding energy by Landauer scattering an accelerating electron wavepacket in a heterojunction insulator [1]. The wavepacket scatters into an electron point charge giving up gravitational binding energy to a gravitational strength spin-1 gauge boson, dubbed the Lor...
Poster
Full-text available
Conclusions • Lorentz boson emission is brought on-shell by the Lorentz boson absorbing the reaction energy of a single Rayleigh scattering photon. • Electron fermion localization energy is consumed producing the universal backreaction from a single Lorentz boson being emitted, from 2-Planck mass regions because of curvature-torsion duality. • Elec...
Presentation
Full-text available
Applied Aikyon Theory Thousands of Watts of laser photons can be transmitted continuously down a high power Thorlabs fiberoptic. If the fiberoptic contains two Planck masses worth of silica molecules, in each frozen in density fluctuation region, that produces the dipoles that Rayleigh scatter laser photons. Then each Rayleigh scattered photon is c...
Data
Electron Localization Gravitational Binding Energy Computation and the Unruh Classical Limit. And Unruh Temperature Computation.
Preprint
Full-text available
An introduction to aikyon theory is given that includes motivations from UAP data. The fiberoptic Rayleigh-scattering energy-loss into a Lorentz-boson gravity-channel is described. This energy loss is the heatsink in a hyperdrive thermodynamic cycle. Energy and momentum are conserved by converting Rayleigh scattered laser photons into Lorentz boson...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Virtual Lorentz bosons cause local gauge gravity and spacetime curvature causes general relativity non-locally. The quaternionic classical limit to Bell's famous theorem identifies fermion produced torsion as locally emergent general relativity. The resulting renormalized Schwarzschild action defines a conserved mass and general relativity becomes...
Preprint
Full-text available
Removing the Schwarzschild radius from the general relativity action enables Lorentz boson production in fiberoptic cable. Gravity is quantum at all length scales, but there is no gravity at the Planck scale where only the aikyon Lorentz gauge field exists. The aikyon Lorentz boson that mediates the Lorentz gauge field is an atom-of-spacetime at th...
Data
But now we know that pair produced laser photons would only change the Rayleigh line in Figure (1) in [6] by 2.4% and not produce the 2 x Rayleigh line, that can only be produced by absorption, that would melt the fiberoptic according to equation (1) above, or by Lorentz boson production. The Lorentz bosons that escape the fiberoptic, or pair produ...
Preprint
Full-text available
The experimental motivation from gamma ray burst GRB090510 data is stated. The theoretical motivation from Quantised Inertia is stated in equation (1). An epsilon-of-room used to study Rindler horizons is stated in equation (2). The classical limit of quantum entanglement entropy used after aikyon light cone emergence can use the epsilon-of-room to...
Preprint
Full-text available
ThorLabs attenuation data is assumed to be caused by the stimulated emission of Lorentz bosons, produced during Rayleigh scattering. Fiberoptic laser photons Rayleigh scatter off density-fluctuation caused electric-dipoles in silica, in a blackbody-radiation thermal-bath. Virtual Lorentz bosons, that become entangled with the blackbody photons, pro...
Preprint
Full-text available
Quantised Inertia (QI) defines inertia through a Planck scale interaction with Unruh radiation [1]. A spin-1 Lorentz boson is the quantum in gravity that gauges Lorentz symmetry, causing classical general relativity to emerge from Planck scale aikyon physics [2]. Unruh-Lorentz-boson aikyons pickup electromagnetic quantum numbers by becoming entangl...
Preprint
Full-text available
In the Thorlabs fiberoptic [10], blackbody photons superradiantly scatter into Unruh anti-Unruh photon pairs [7,8]. The anti-Unruh photons locally heat any tidal-static observer, correlating to universal backreaction freefall [6]. The superradiant equation (10) allows Unruh energy (kBTU) to be continuous, even though the superradiant Unruh energy (...
Preprint
Full-text available
UAP propulsion physics is defined by two laser photons in a fiberoptic, Rayleigh scattering off a Silica Molecular System (SMS) into one graviton. Complimentary descriptions of this scattering process are given and center around the extra SMS mass. For the quantum, and complimentary classical, mass computation, see Reference [1]. The fiberoptic SMS...
Preprint
Full-text available
Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon (UAP) propulsion, if it exists, requires gravitons to perform as they do in recently released US Navy videos with accelerations greater than 600 Earth gravities and velocities greater than 10,000 mph, with no visible means of propulsion. The UAP required spin-two graviton is a composite of two spin-one vector fields....
Preprint
Full-text available
There is no heat flow δQ in freefall, defining an entanglement thermodynamic principle of equivalence, δQ = TδS = 0, where Q is heat, T is temperature, and S is entanglement entropy. The Hubble length scale equals LCC in Comoving Coordinates because inertia in Quantised Inertia (QI) is a reaction to Unruh radiation that is a propagator. The Hubble...
Preprint
Full-text available
A theoretical foundation required to measure the effects of quantum statistics on inertia and gravity is presented. Optical pressure in fiberoptic loops, caused by the reflection of electromagnetic radiation, is used to produce spontaneously emitted Unruh photons in the fiberoptic. The Unruh photons stimulate the emission of superradiant photons in...
Data
Data is in support of APS April 2021: Abstract: KP01.00110 : Measuring Planck scale U(1) gauge interactions in Quantised Inertia using IKKT gravity: 2:00 PM, Central Daylight Time, Sunday, April 18, 2021. https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/APR21/Session/KP01.110
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A theoretical foundation required to measure the effects of quantum statistics on inertia and gravity is presented. Optical pressure in fiberoptic loops, caused by the reflection of electromagnetic radiation, is used to produce spontaneously emitted Unruh photons in the fiberoptic. The Unruh photons stimulate the emission of superradiant photons in...
Preprint
Full-text available
The Unruh photon measured in the non-accelerating laboratory reference frame is produced in photon pair production with a fiberoptic thermal blackbody photon. For both the quantum photon and classical electromagnetic field descriptions the same force is computed and Tolman relativistic thermodynamics is applied to this force to define the Unruh tem...
Preprint
Full-text available
A microwave photon induces photon pair production in the small end of a Copper electromagnetic (em)drive. One of these new pair produced photons transfers heat to the large emdrive end and this extra heat produces the measured anomalous thrust.
Preprint
Full-text available
A simple calculation gives a complete description of cosmology. The physics centers around a Rindler cosmic horizon in comoving coordinates beyond which no signal can arrive in a finite time. This fact is used to define a minimum acceleration that is the Cold Dark Matter CDM effect. The CDM effect is used to calibrate a computation of the Dark Ener...
Preprint
Full-text available
Mirror Symmetry defines a Target Space duality between Hubble scale gravitons and Planck scale zero-point-energy photons in noncommutative gauge theory. This duality allows dark energy to be better understood as "mild" UV/IR mixing. Emergent geometry theory is equated to Kaluza-Klein theory and symplectic topology is mentioned for better understand...
Preprint
Full-text available
Microwave photons induce pair production in the small end of the electromagnetic (em) drive. The photons are squeezed into a space that is smaller than their wavelength. As the uncertainty in position (Δx) becomes smaller than the photon wavelength, the uncertainty in momentum (Δp) becomes bigger than the photon momentum, stimulating the pair produ...
Preprint
Full-text available
The electromagnetic (em) drive is propelled by superradiance.
Preprint
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The theory of Quantised Inertia (QI) uses the Hubble scale Casimir force to beautify describe dark matter physics [1]. But it is difficult to use the Casimir force for performing emdrive engineering calculations. However, the gauge physics of QI uses the Euclidian continuation of Rindler spacetime to enable easier engineering calculations. Hubble s...
Preprint
Full-text available
Introduction Quantised Inertia has a one-quantum minimum acceleration that reproduces the effects of dark matter plus predicts wide binary orbits proving its usefulness. This restricts Ricci-flat instanton-topology to Euclidean 3-space plus a circle in complex-time and a circle in symplectic-time. The complex-time circle goes over to a Hamiltonian...
Preprint
Full-text available
The 3-force of inertia computed from the Quantised Inertia equation of state gives one quantum of acceleration at the co-moving cosmic boundary as required by the mirror symmetry proof.
Preprint
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The mirror symmetry between the symplectic U(1) instanton of Hamiltonian Quantised Inertia and the complex U(1) instanton of the Euclidian continuation of Rindler spacetime is enabled by the identification of the symplectic U(1) instanton with its equivalent Calabi-Yau manifold. It is well known that some Calabi-Yau manifolds are mirror symmetric....
Preprint
Full-text available
Quantised Inertia has a one-quantum minimum acceleration that reproduces the effects of dark matter plus predicts wide binary orbits proving its usefulness [1]. This restricts Ricci-flat instanton-topology to Euclidean 3-space plus a circle in complex-time. The complex-time circle goes over to a Hamiltonian symplectic-time circle under mirror symme...
Data
Figure (1) for "The electromagnetic (em) drive pushes against the universe with Fracton physics George Soli (6/12/2019) Posted to ResearchGate.net"
Preprint
Full-text available
Self-dual gauge electromagnetism is equivalent to self-dual gauge Einstein gravity in spacetime endowed with symplectic structure [1]. Planck-energy vacuum-condensate generates flat spacetime in this theory [2]. When the Rindler wedge, generated by an observer accelerating at acceleration (a), is Euclidean continued into complex time in polar coord...
Preprint
Full-text available
Quantised Inertia has a minimum value of acceleration that reproduces the effects of Dark Matter. In the Euclidean continuation of Rindler spacetime the quantum difference between the minimum acceleration and zero acceleration, is topological. Because the minimum acceleration exists, the universe of every observer is an eternal instanton, with topo...
Preprint
Full-text available
Quantised Inertia is described in an eternal flat space instanton in the Euclidian continuation of Rindler spacetime. The McCulloch-Heisenberg gravitational uncertainty principle is used to quantize the Misner-Sharp perturbation energy (ΔE ~ ± Ꜫ). Misner-Sharp thermal energy is created by thermalized Landauer information above the Rindler event hor...
Preprint
Full-text available
Inertial force, that resists acceleration, is produced by pure gauge Unruh radiation. The Unruh radiation is pure gauge because of time dilation in transverse directions. Time dilation changes the Unruh radiation energy density, allowing it to maximize at zero frequency. The gauge potential modifies the quantum momentum operator of accelerating tes...
Preprint
Full-text available
Inertial force is defined as an entropic 4-force. The Unruh-Landauer temperature increases in front of an accelerating observer in the Rindler wedge resisting the acceleration with an entropic 4-force. Universality is explained for inertial force using the Unruh-Tolman-Landauer temperature gradient. The underling physics is an eternal flat space in...
Preprint
Full-text available
Quantised Inertia must exist if topology cannot change George Soli (3/24/19) posted to ResearchGate.net In the theory of Quantised Inertia there is a minimum value of acceleration that reproduces the effects of Dark Matter [2]. The quantum difference between uniform acceleration at one quantum of inertia, and zero acceleration, is topological [1]:...
Article
Full-text available
Relativity theory demands a sidereal velocity relative to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole for tachyonic neutrinos. The OPERA time of flight (TOF) measurements must oscillate with the direction of tachyonic neutrino propagation relative to the CMB dipole. The magnitude and direction of this TOF oscillation is a measurement of the Earth'...
Article
Full-text available
An experimental method, for demonstrating that superluminal group velocity, associated with tunneling photons, is not superluminal energy propagation, is presented. The method measures possible preferred frame effects that would exist for superluminal energy propagation. In Lorentz invariant theories, causal superluminal energy propagation in one r...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
We present design and performance data for a high-speed telecom-band (1.3 mum) single-photon-sensitive receiver based on a new class of multi-stage InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) operated in the proportional mode (linear mode). Unlike Geiger-mode single-photon-sensitive APDs (SPADs), a multi-stage linear SPAD is operated below its avalanche brea...
Article
In the physics of potential superluminal information transfer, causality is preserved by the experimental identification of the CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) rest frame, as the preferred inertial frame in which potential superluminal information transfer is isotropic [Rembielinski] (http://arxiv.org/PScache/quant-ph/pdf/0010/0010026v2.pdf). Pot...
Article
Two-meter wavelength photons, tunneling through a water mirror, are used to produce superluminal group velocity for probing sidereal physics as the one-way group velocity of light. We discover that photon energy is not sidereal but that photon group velocity is sidereal and minimum for tunneling into the cosmic microwave background Doppler redshift...
Article
Full-text available
A sidereal effect is measured and the data are consistent with Lorentz invariance. A dynamic vector velocity of light inside tunneling photons with superluminal group velocity is measured and found to be isotropic in a reference frame defined by zero Doppler-shift in the cosmic microwave background. Superluminal Lorentz invariance requires superlum...
Article
Active pixel sensors (APS) are micro-fabricated CMOS amplifier arrays that are rapidly replacing CCD devices in many electronic imaging applications. Unlike the pixels of a CCD device, the sensing elements of the APS will respond to locally situated electrostatic charge, owing to the amplifier present in each pixel. We have built two small test arr...
Article
Full-text available
The present invention provides a tessellated array detector with charge collecting plate (or cup) electrode pixels and amplifying circuitry integrated into each pixel making it sensitive to external electrostatic charge; a micro collector/amplifier pixel design possessing a small capacitance to ensure a high charge to voltage signal conversion for...
Article
Full-text available
A first-generation CMOS Charged Particle Spectrometer chip was designed at JPL for flight on the STRV-2 spacecraft. These devices will collect electron and proton spectra in low Earth orbit as part of an experiment to demonstrate Active Pixel Sensor (APS) technology in space. This paper presents the results of total dose testing on these chips and,...
Article
Full-text available
Integrated circuits, manufactured in CMOS technology, have been developed as diffusion-based charged particle spectrometers for space applications. Current designs are single-chip spectrometers capable of uniquely identifying and counting electrons and heavy ions. A four-chip spectrometer designed to count protons and heavy ions was flown on the Cl...
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents radiation dosimetry results from the radiation and reliability assurance experiments on the Clementine spacecraft and Interstage Adapter Satellite. The dosimetry instruments utilize low-dose-response p-channel field-effect-transistor and proton-sensitive static-RAM dosimeters. These dosimeters successfully demonstrated an order-...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A custom designed SRAM was used to measure the thickness of integrated circuit over layers and the epi-layer thickness using alpha particles and a test SRAM. The over layer consists of oxide, nitride, metal and junction regions
Article
Full-text available
The Clementine RRELAX radiation monitor chip consists of a p-FET total dose monitor and a 4-Kbit SRAM particle spectrometer. Eight of these chips were included in the RRELAX and used to detect the passage of the Clementine (S/C) and the innerstage adapter (ISA) through the Earth's radiation belts and the 21-Feb 1994 solar flare. This is the first s...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
An inverter matrix test circuit was designed for the Clementine space mission and is built into the RRELAX (Radiation and Reliability Assurance Experiment). The objective is to develop a circuit that will allow the evaluation of the CMOS FETs using a lean data set in the noisy spacecraft environment. As is shown, only nine data points are needed to...
Article
Full-text available
Proton irradiation effects on strained Si 1-x Ge x /Si heterostructures have been studied. For the experiment, p<sup>+</sup>‐Si 1-x Ge x /p<sup>-</sup>‐Si heterojunction diodes were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of strained p<sup>+</sup>‐boron doped SiGe layers on p<sup>-</sup>‐Si(100) substrates. Due to the valence band discont...
Article
Full-text available
On-chip p-FETs were developed to monitor the radiation dose of n-well CMOS ICs by monitoring threshold voltage shifts due to radiation-induced oxide and interface charge. The design employs closed-geometry FETs and a zero-biased n-well to eliminate leakage currents. The FETs are operated using a constant current chosen to greatly reduce the FET's t...
Article
Full-text available
The RADMON (Radiation Monitor) was developed as a compact device with a 4-kbit SRAM particle detector and two p-FET total dose monitors. Thus it can be used as a spacecraft radiation alarm and in situ total dose monitor. This paper discusses the design and calibration of the SRAM for proton, alpha, and heavy ion detection. Upset rates for the RADMO...
Article
In this work, a p-FET dosimeter is developed under the constraint that the dosimeter be useful in predicting the radiation dose of an IC fabricated with a non-radiation hardened 1.2-[mu]m CMOS process. On-chip p-FETs were developed to monitor the radiation dose of n-well CMOS ICs by monitoring threshold voltage shifts due to radiation induced oxide...
Article
Data from a MOSFET matrix on two JPL (CIT Jet Propulsion Laboratory) CRRES (Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite) chips, each behind different amounts of shielding, are presented. Space damage factors are nearly identical to ground test values for pMOSFETs. The results from neighboring rows of MOSFETs show similar radiation degradation....
Article
A custom 4k-bit static RAM (SRAM) chip was tested with protons. The SRAM was developed to determine the single event upset hardness of hardness of CMOS latches using alpha particle measurements and can also function as a proton detector. The authors describe a calibration procedure for the SRAM detector, allowing spectrometers to be designed for me...
Article
Full-text available
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Aerospace Corporation have collected a fourth set of heavy ion single event effects (SEE) test data (previous sets were reported in contribution IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Sci. in December 1985, 1987, and 1989). Trends in SEE susceptibility (including soft errors and latchup) for state-of-the-art parts are displa...
Article
Full-text available
This report describes the design, fabrication, and testing of the Single-Event Upset/Total Dose (SEU/TD) Radiation Monitor chip. The Radiation Monitor is scheduled to fly on the Mid-Course Space Experiment Satellite (MSX). The Radiation Monitor chip consists of a custom-designed 4-bit SRAM for heavy ion detection and three MOSFET's for monitoring t...
Article
Microelectronic advanced laser scanner (MEALS) is opto/electro/mechanical apparatus for nondestructive testing of integrated memory circuits, logic circuits, and other microelectronic devices. Multipurpose diagnostic system used to determine ultrafast time response, leakage, latchup, and electrical overstress. Used to simulate some of effects of he...
Article
A methodology is described for predicting the SEU susceptibility of a standard-cell D-latch using an alpha-particle sensitive SRAM, SPICE critical charge simulation results, and alpha-particle interaction physics. Measurements were made on a 1.6-μm n-well CMOS 4-kb test SRAM irradiated with an Am-241 alpha-particle source. A collection depth of 6.0...
Article
Recent analytical and experimental work has provided new insights into the production of damage sites in silicon Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) by energetic particles and into the effects of these sites on CCD performance. An approximate correlation is presented between experimental results and a prediction of proton-induced displacement damage, and...
Article
An improved system using Cf-252 and associated nuclear instrumentation has been used to determine single event upset (SEU) cross section versus linear energy transfer (LET) curve for several static random access memory (SRAM) devices. Through the use of a thin-film scintillator, providing energy information on each fission fragment, individual SEU'...
Article
The results of single-event upset (SEU) testing performed to evaluate the parametric transients, i.e. amplitude and duration, in several I/O devices, and the impact of these transients are discussed. The failure rate of these devices is dependent on the susceptibility of interconnected devices to the resulting transient change in the output of the...
Article
A system using <sup>252</sup>Cf and associated nuclear instrumentation has determined the single-event upset (SEU) cross section versus linear energy transfer (LET) curve for several 2 K×8 static random access memories (SRAMs). The <sup>252</sup>Cf fission fragments pass through a thin-film organic scintillator detector (TFD) on the way to the devi...
Article
Use of pure isotope 86Kr instead of natural krypton in multiple-species ion source enables source to produce krypton ions separated from argon ions by tuning cylcotron with which source used. Addition of capability to produce and separate krypton ions at kinetic energies of 150 to 400 MeV necessary for simulation of worst-case ions occurring in out...
Conference Paper
Describes a methodology for using alpha particles to provide an independent measure of the cross section of an upset sensitive region in test SRAMs (static random-access memories). In addition, the thickness of over-layers and the alpha-particle collection depth were determined. These parameters are necessary in order to make precise estimates of t...
Article
A system using ²⁵²Cf and associated nuclear instrumentation has determined the SEU cross section versus LET curve for several 2kx8 SRAMs. The ²⁵²Cf fission fragments pass through at thin film organic scintillator detector (TFD) on the way to the device under test (DUT). The TFD provides energy information for each transiting fragment. Data...
Article
Full-text available
JPL and Aerospace have collected a third set of heavy-ion single-event phenomena (SEP) test data since their last joint IEEE publications in December 1985 and December 1987. Trends in SEP susceptibility (e.g. soft errors and latchup) for state-of-the-art parts are presented. Results of the study indicate that hard technologies and unacceptably soft...
Article
A technique has been developed to support the study of the effects of cosmic rays on integrated circuits. The system is designed to determine the particle distribution across the surface of an integrated circuit accurately while the circuit is bombarded by a particle beam. The system uses photomultiplier tubes, an octal discriminator, a computer-co...
Article
Full-text available
An isotope of krypton, Kr86, has been combined with a mix of Ar, Ne, and N ions at the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source, at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory cyclotron, to provide rapid ion changeover in Single Event Phenomena (SEP) testing. The new technique has been proved out successfully by a recent Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) test...
Article
Experimental study presents examples of empirical modeling of single-event upset in negatively-doped-source/drain metal-oxide-semiconductor static random-access memory cells. Data supports adoption of simplified worst-case model in which cross sectionof SEU by ion above threshold energy equals area of memory cell.
Article
Report presents theory and experimental data regarding newly discovered mode for single-event upsets, (SEU's) in complementary metal-oxide/semiconductor, static random-access memories, CMOS SRAM's. SEU cross sections larger than those expected from previously known modes given rise to speculation regarding additional mode, and subsequent cross-sect...
Article
Report presents latest in series of investigations of "soft" bit errors known as single-event upsets (SEU). In this investigation, SEU response of low-power, Schottky-diode-clamped, transistor/transistor-logic (TTL) static random-access memory (RAM) observed during irradiation by Br and O ions in ranges of 100 to 240 and 20 to 100 MeV, respectively...
Article
Modeling of SEU has been done in a CMOS static RAM containing one-micron channel-length transistors fabricated from a P-well epilayer process using both circuit-and numerical-simulation techniques. The modeling results have been experimentally verified with The aid of heavy-ion beams obtained from a three-stage tandem van de Graaff accelerator. Exp...
Article
A detailed experimental investigation of single-event upset (SEU) in static RAM (SRAM) chips fabricated using a family of high-performance NMOS (HMOS) depletion-mode-load process technologies, has been done. Empirical SEU models have been developed with the aid of heavy-ion data obtained with a three-stage tandem van de Graaff accelerator. The resu...
Article
Single-Event Upset (SEU) response of a bipolar low-power Schottky-diode-clamped TTL static RAM has been observed using Br ions in the 100-240 MeV energy range and 0 ions in the 20-100 MeV range. These data complete the experimental verification of circuit-simulation SEU modeling for this device. The threshold for onset of SEU has been observed by t...
Article
A recent test of ten device types exposed to 590 MeV protons at SINR (Swiss Institute of Nuclear Research, Villigen) is presented to clarify the picture of SEU response to higher energy protons, such as those found in galactic cosmic rays, solar flares and trapped radiation belts.
Article
In order to establish that the present Organic Moderated Reactor Experiment (OMRE) site does not exceed the criteria for radioactive contamination, samples obtained from the remainder of the facility that was not removed such as soil, concrete pads, various structural materials, and the leach pond area were analyzed to determine their radioactive c...
Article
This report presents results of studies obtained at four pressurized water reactors (PWR's) as part of the in-plant source term measurement program in operating PWR's. The work was conducted for the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research in support of the Effluent Treatment Systems Branch of the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. The primary obje...

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