George A Milliken

George A Milliken
Kansas State University | KSU · Department of Statistics

Colorado State Univ PhD 1969

About

94
Publications
12,690
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
16,399
Citations
Additional affiliations
September 1969 - June 2007
Kansas State University
Position
  • Professor of Statistics

Publications

Publications (94)
Article
Full-text available
Background: Youth sport (YS) reaches a large number of children world-wide and contributes substantially to children's daily physical activity (PA), yet less than half of YS time has been shown to be spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Physical activity during practice is likely to vary depending on practice structure that chan...
Article
Full-text available
BACKGROUND: Youth sport (YS) reaches a large number of children world-wide and contributes substantially to children's daily physical activity (PA), yet less than half of YS time has been shown to be spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Physical activity during practice is likely to vary depending on practice structure that chang...
Article
Full-text available
The final publication is available at link.springer.com . This pilot study compared sedentary behavior (SB) of children with autism (ASD) to typically developing peers (TD), and evaluated the influence of social con-texts within free play (FP) and organized activity settings on SB of children with ASD during an inclusive summer camp. Participants...
Article
This study examined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels in youth during flag football practice and compared youth MVPA in practices led by trained or untrained, and by experienced or inexperienced, coaches. Boys (n = 111, mean age = 7.9 ± 1.2 years) from 14 recreation-level flag football teams wore an accelerometer during two pract...
Article
Historically, the dairy industry has made remarkable gains in productivity and a gallon of milk can be produced today with less feed resource inputs and a markedly reduced carbon footprint. Recombinant bovine somatotropin is a production-enhancing technology and 20 years commercial use of POSILAC® (rbST-Zn) provided the backdrop for an updated meta...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
INTRODUCTION: Compared to neurotypical (NT) children, children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) spend more time in sedentary behavior (SB), any waking activity in a sitting or reclining position with an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents, during the weekdays. SB is a risk factor for overweight in children, which in turn poses addi...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: To provide an updated evaluation of the efficacy and safety of sometribove zinc suspension (rbST-Zn), a form of recombinant bovine somatotropin, in lactating dairy cows. Design: Meta-analysis. Sample: 26 studies published in peer-reviewed journals or reviewed by a regulatory agency. Procedures: To be included, a study had to invol...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may be at greater risk for not meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines than neurotypical children (NT). The purpose of this study was to explore setting (free play versus organized) and social group composition influences on PA of children with ASD during summer camp. Methods: Data were...
Conference Paper
This project tested the feasibility of using a school garden to integrate youth, community, and family to promote healthy lifestyle choices for overweight prevention. There were several components to this project. We 1) developed and tested a theory-based after-school gardening program that promoted healthy lifestyle choices through targeting fruit...
Article
Full-text available
This paper reports the primary outcomes of the Healthy Opportunities for Physical Activity and Nutrition (HOP'N) after-school project, which was an effectiveness trial designed to evaluate the prevention of childhood obesity through building the capacity of after-school staff to increase physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (FV) opportuni...
Article
Full-text available
Grazing and subsequent finishing performance of 117 Angus stocker calves (Bos taurus; BW = 235.5 ± 1.22 kg) supplemented with 0, 0.82, or 1.64 kg/d of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) on a DM basis while grazing smooth brome-grass (Bromus inermis) pastures in 2002, 2003, and 2004 were evaluated. Cattle continuously grazed pastures at a stock-ing rat...
Article
Full-text available
The Healthy Youth Places (HYP) intervention targeted increased fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and physical activity (PA) through building the environmental change skills and efficacy of adults and youth. HYP included group training for adult school site leaders, environmental change skill curriculum, and youth-led FV and PA environment change...
Article
Designing experiments involves several processes. The first process identifies the experimental units generated by conducting the experiment. The second process is the application of planned treatments to the experimental units. Other processes are the analysis of the experiment and interpretation of results. While traditional experimental small pl...
Article
Selection of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes requires testing programs with com- plementary locations that sample environments of interest with minimal duplication. The goal of the current study was to improve prediction of genotype performance in the highly variable envi- ronments of the central Great Plains in the United States by e...
Article
Full-text available
This paper discusses the process of developing variable-rate treatment prescriptions and gives specifications for a prototype software system for implementing that process. The process is based on statistical analysis of data from embedded field trials, and incorporates producer preferences in determining a treatment prescription. The system can be...
Article
Full-text available
Microarray applications for the study of gene expression are becoming accessible for researchers in more and more systems. Applications from field or laboratory experiments are often complicated by the need to superimpose sample pairing for two-color arrays on experimental designs that may already be complex. For example, split-plot designs are com...
Article
Grazing and subsequent finishing performance of steers (Bos taurus) grazed on a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz) Koel.] system were evaluated in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to compare interseeding lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.) with an additional application of N fertilizer. Hard red winter wheat was no-till seede...
Article
Thyroid to salivary (TS) ratio is the most commonly used scintigraphic parameter for differentiating euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats. Studies to determine the normal TS ratio have been performed in small cat populations. In this study, the TS ratio was determined in 32 cats between 8 and 13 years of age. The study population was documented to be eu...
Article
The purpose of this study was to compare direct (analog) viewing of thoracic radiographs with digitized images obtained with a radiographic scanner and seven digital cameras for detection of pulmonary nodules. Direct viewing of the analog radiographs was significantly better than all digitized methods (P<0.01). Significant variations exist between...
Article
To assess the impact on children's health of translating an evidence-based national intervention trial (Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health [CATCH]) to low-income elementary schools with primarily Hispanic students. An untreated, matched control group design with repeated dependent pretest and posttest samples was used. Four El Pas...
Article
The purpose of this study was to evaluate seven digital cameras for their ability to adequately capture quality radiographic images and their relative cost effectiveness. Radiographs of line pair (LP) phantoms (ranging from 0.6 to 16.6 LP/mm) and a 20-step contrast phantom were photographed at a near distance of 30.0 cm and a far distance (determin...
Article
was not affected by the growth stage at which plots were end-trimmed. Philbrook and Oplinger (1988) reported A common method to reduce or eliminate potential end-row effects that in two of three years the relative yield performance in yield trials is to remove a portion of the plants from the end of the row prior to harvest. Consistent evidence sup...
Article
A common method to reduce or eliminate potential end‐row effects in yield trials is to remove a portion of the plants from the end of the row prior to harvest. Consistent evidence supporting or rejecting the need to end‐trim field plots is not available. This study was conducted to determine if plots planted to harvest length and not end‐trimmed co...
Article
To determine efficacy of treatment with a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, in dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis. Prospective trial. 16 Beagles naturally infected with Giardia duodenalis. During phase 1, 6 dogs were treated with the parasiticide for 3 days (4 we...
Article
This paper presents methods for constructing prediction limits for a step-stress model in accelerated life testing. An exponential life distribution with a mean that is a log-linear function of stress, and a cumulative exposure model are assumed. Two prediction problems are discussed. One concerns the prediction of the life at a design stress, and...
Article
Full-text available
We compared development of porcine embryos in three media and evaluated the effect of age of the donor on embryo development in vitro. In Exp. 1, embryos were collected from 35 postpubertal females on d 2 or 3 after onset of estrus. Embryos were cultured 144 h in Whitten's Medium (WM), North Carolina State University Medium-23 (NCSU-23), or Beltsvi...
Article
Full-text available
A total of 96 fall-calving cows and 64 calves grazed Hardie bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] interseeded with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), ladino white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.) during 1996, 1997, and 1998 in either a continuous or a rotational system sto...
Article
This article studies the problem of testing and locating changepoints in stochas¬tic ordering. We propose a sequential process to detect the changepoints from two multinomial distributions. We also obtain the maximum likelihood estimators of two multinomial probability vectors under the assumption that the cumulative distribu¬tions have a changepoi...
Article
This paper studies statistical models in step-stress accelerated life-testing when the stress-change times are random. The marginal lifetime distribution of a test unit under a step-stress test plan when the stress change times are random variables is presented. Maximum likelihood estimates for model parameters based on both the marginal and condit...
Article
Conducting experiments across processing steps is important when it is desired to study the interactions among factors where some factors are from one step and the other factors are from the other step. The strip-plot design is a very efficient design, both on resources required and time needed, for studying multiple-step processes. This paper desc...
Chapter
Many microbiological studies involve repeatedly measuring the same system, process, sample, or experimental unit several times or in several places, thus generating a repeated measures dataset. For example, an experiment, here called an experimental unit, is set up. A number of such experiments are run simultaneously. Consider just one unit, it may...
Book
From the Chapman & Hall Microbiology Series this unique resource offers specific experimental and practical applications of mathematical modeling in microbial ecology. The text presents a variety of systems, ranging from subcellular systems to ecosystems, and shows how to test whether the models provide a good representation of the system. The book...
Article
To determine the effect of stanozolol on body composition, nitrogen balance, and food consumption in castrated dogs with chronic renal failure. Blinded crossover trial. 22 castrated Beagles with experimentally induced chronic renal failure. Dogs were divided into 2 groups of 11 dogs each. During each of two 6-week treatment periods, dogs in 1 group...
Article
The augmented design usually is useful for testing many genotypes in early generations when valid statistical analyses are needed with seed supplies too limited to permit replication. Practical use of this design necessitates computer data analysis. Researchers need an easy way to analyze augmented design data with minimal hand computations, and wi...
Article
The pelvic area was measured in 129 Holstein x Hereford heifers at 10, 16 and 22 months of age. The heifers were fed an all forage diet. Pelvic growth was not linear over time, changing from an increase of 0.27 +/- 0.2 cm(2)/day during the first 6 months of the study to 0.13 +/- 0.13 cm(2)/day during the last 6 months (P<0.01). The relationship of...
Article
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of 2-hydroxy-estradiol-17 beta (2-OH-E2; 0, 50 and 100 microM) and estradiol-17 beta (E2; 0, 25 and 50 microM) on prostaglandin (PG) E and PGF2 alpha synthesis by day-10 pig blastocysts (day 0 is first day of estrus). Blastocysts were incubated in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium, su...
Article
The traditional calibration problem is concerned with estimating the unknown value of an explanatory variable X corresponding to an observed value of a response variable Y that is assumed to be functionally related to X. The problem for which Y is related to X by a simple linear model has been discussed in the literature. This paper is concerned wi...
Article
Researchers often do not analyze nonreplicated experiments statistically because they are unfamiliar with existing statistical methods that may be applicable. Analysis of Messy Data, Volume II details the statistical methods appropriate for nonreplicated experiments and explores ways to use statistical software to make the required computations fea...
Article
Six geometric surfaces in three-dimensional space and their corresponding equations are recommended as plausible linear or nonlinear models for explaining various discrepancy effects. Researchers are encouraged to compare such alternative models when developing hypotheses, rather than arbitrarily selecting a regression equation that happens to work...
Article
Full-text available
These experiments were undertaken to determine the potential for estradiol-17 beta (E2), 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta (2-OH-E2) and 4-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta (4-OH-E2) to regulate prostaglandin (PG) E and F2 alpha synthesis by pig endometrium. Endometrium was collected from pigs on d 10 of pregnancy and incubated (15 to 20 mg/well) for three 2-h per...
Article
Full-text available
Pig embryos were removed 5 d after onset of estrus and cultured in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (mKRB) medium containing bovine serum albumin (BSA; 1 mg/ml). Media in Exp. 1 and 2, but not in Exp. 3, contained 10% heat-inactivated lamb serum (LS). In Exp. 1, embryos were cultured in 1) mKRB + LS or mKRB + LS supplemented with 2) glutamine (2 m...
Article
Full-text available
Two experiments were done involving moderately inbred strains known to differ in escape and avoidance behavior. Hens of those strains and of a cross between them (second experiment only) were compared for fear-related behavior, feather damage and loss, and productivity traits when housed four or eight/cage at densities of 348 (high), 464 (medium),...
Article
Penetration resistance, root length density, and water content of soil with maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), or a mixture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were measured during two summers, one of which was dry. Plants grew on a silt loam (Mollic Albaqualfs; fine, mixed, thermic), 0.25 m...
Article
White Leghorn pullets reared in floor pens and high-density cages were compared for behavioral traits and changes in body weights during the initial 2 or 3 weeks after being placed in multiplehen cages during late adolescence. Information on behavior was obtained from 48 pullets kept in 6, 8-bird cages during Days 1, 4 and 15 in Experiment 1, and f...
Article
Statistical methods are described which can be used to compare treatments where the response model is nonlinear and the experimental design includes split-plots or repeated measures. The nonlinear analysis of covariance is described for a two-way treatment structure in a split-plot design structure, the usual split-plot experimental design. Evaluat...
Article
Dust produced by Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) was added to undamaged wheat, sorghum, and corn to investigate its effect on the bulk density of these grains. The effect of various amounts of insect-produced dust on the bulk density differed significantly depending on the grain and moisture content. The reduction in bulk density in grain containi...
Article
A diallel analysis is described for the case in which the values of the characteristic used in an inheritance study have unequal variances. Such a characteristic can be a mean, a slope of a regression line, or the estimates of some parameter of a linear or nonlinear model. Computational formulae are presented which incorporate the necessary weighti...
Article
Increasing awareness of drought tolerance in pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke.] has stimulated research into pearl millet as a potential U.S. crop. Objectives of this study were to compare yield and yield components of pearl millet and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and evaluate pearl millet response to a range of grain s...
Article
Two often-quoted necessary and sufficient conditions for ordinary least squares estimators to be best linear unbiased estimators are described. Another necessary and sufficient condition is described, providing an additional tool for checking to see whether the covariance matrix of a given linear model is such that the ordinary least squares estima...
Article
Suppose the same nonlinear function involving k parameters is fit to each of t populations. Suppose further it is of interest to compare a specific parameter of the models across the populations. Such comparisons can be expressed as linear hypotheses about the parameters of the nonlinear models. A weighted linear least squares (WLLS) procedure is p...
Article
Grain protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has important funtional and nutritional roles and methods to predict its content would be valuable to both producers and users. We developed statistical models to predict grain protein content of hard red winter wheat from soil fertility conditions during anthesis and climatic conditions during grain fi...
Article
Let S denote a confidence band for a linear model obtained by taking the envelope of a size 1 — α convex confidence region about the parameters. It is known that the degree of confidence associated with S is, in general, greater than 1 — α. Folks and Antle gave a sufficient condition on the model for the confidence band to be of size 1 — α. The nec...
Article
Consider the mixed model where xijk's are known constants, βk are unknown parameters and ai, eij are random variables independently and normally distributed with zero means and variances σdi and σ2 respectively, where it is assumed that the di's are known (di >0). This paper presents procedures for estimating the variance components σ, σ2, for test...
Article
Let x 1, x 2, …, X n , be independent normal variates with a common variance σ² and suppose that k 1 of the x i are outliers. That is, k 1 of the x i come from a population with mean μ + λ while the remaining n − k 1 of the x i come from a population with mean μ. New techniques for estimating σ² are proposed and the properties of the new estimators...
Article
A procedure for testing general hypotheses about the parameters of a nonlinear model is described.The asymptotic sampling distribution of the test statistic is obtained and an approximation to thesmall sample sampling distribution is suggested.
Article
Consider the model yijk=u ± ai ± bi ± cij ± eijk i=1, 2,…, t; j=1, 2,…b; k=1, 2,…,nij where μ is a constant and ai, bi, cij are distributed independently and normally with zero means and variances Δ2 Δ2/bdij and δ2 respectively. It is assumed that di's, and dij's are known (positive) constants (for all i and j). In this paper procedures for estimat...
Article
Consider the model Yijk=μ + ai + bij + eijk (i=1, 2,…, t; j=1,2,…, Bi; k=1,2…,nij), where μ is a constant and a1,bij and eijk are distributed independently and normally with zero means and variances σ2adij and σ2, respectively, where it is assumed that the di's and dij's are known. In this paper procedures for estimating the variance components (σ2...
Article
Full-text available
It is shown that the “usual” nonrandomized, conditional test for comparing proportions using independent binomial samples, is very conservative in the sense that the actual significance level attributable to an outcome is often one-fourth to one-half of the anticipated value. A nonrandomized unconditional test is proposed, and for sample sizes up t...
Article
A procedure is presented for estimating the dispersion matrix of block totals in an incomplete block design where blocks can be divided into groups such that those from different groups are independent and those from the same group are dependent. Equal block variances and equal nonzero covariances are assumed. It is shown that when the estimated di...
Article
A necessary and sufficient condition for to be a non-negative matrix is presented when are assumed to be nonnegative matrices. To demonstrate the applicability of the theorem, the intra-block and combined intra-inter-block estimators of the treatment effects for an incomplete block model are compared.
Article
[eng] Transportation costs and monopoly location in presence of regional disparities. . This article aims at analysing the impact of the level of transportation costs on the location choice of a monopolist. We consider two asymmetric regions. The heterogeneity of space lies in both regional incomes and population sizes: the first region is endowed...
Article
Models for analysing data for two commonly used sampling schemes involving inbreeding and environmental effects is considered. The general incomplete block model is utilized where mating types are equated to incomplete blocks. The models allow for varying degrees of inbreeding within mating types and between mating types. The analysis is such as to...
Article
This paper presents a general method for testing if a particular type of interaction is present in latin square models with one observation per cell. Computing instructions are given along with a detailed numerical example. A data analysis approach is explained where an experimenter can use various models to determine whether interaction is present...
Article
Detailed instructions, with an example, are given for testing for interaction in a two-way classification model with at most one observation per cell and some cells missing.
Article
In the conventional general linear model it is often possible to examine a more complete model that includes nonlinear terms. This is an extension of a test for non-additivity by Tukey and a generalization of that test by Scheffé. This article shows explicitly how the theory of the well-known general linear model can be used for these problems and...
Article
Full-text available
The analysis of most designed experiments and observational studies require mixed models. Version 4.0 of JMP Software has greatly expanded its capabilities for analyzing mixed models by including restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods. This paper will demonstrate the process of analyzing several mixed models using the 4.0 version of JMP. Mode...
Article
Two quantal response models, the probit and logit models, are applied to existing bidding and production data from seven off-shore lease sales. Fifteen probit models were built using individual and combined data sets. Logit models were built for three data sets for comparison purposes. The percentage of leases correctly classified by each probit an...

Network

Cited By