Geoffrey Eric Millward

• MSc, PhD
• Professor Emeritus at University of Plymouth

Atmospheric deposition on glaciers is a major source of legacy fallout radionuclides (FRNs) accumulating in cryoconite, a dark granular material with surface properties that efficiently bind FRN contaminants (specifically 137Cs; 210Pb; 241Am). Cryoconite-bound FRNs in glaciers can be released when they interact with and are transported by glacial m...

The accumulation of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) from nuclear weapons testing and nuclear accidents has been evaluated for over half a century in natural environments; however, until recently their distribution and abundance within glaciers have been poorly understood. Following a series of individual studies of FRNs, specifically 137Cs, 241Am and...

Cryoconite is a specific type of material found on the surface of glaciers and icesheets. Samples of cryoconite were collected from the Orwell Glacier and its moraines, together with suspended sediment from the proglacial stream on Signy Island, part of the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. The activity concentrations of certain fallout radionuclid...

Fine sediment plays an important role in the healthy functioning of river ecosystems providing nutrients and contributing to habitat functioning. However, excessive sediment supply into rivers has several detrimental impacts on water quality and it causes sedimentation in river channels, reservoirs and estuaries. In addition, silts and clays are ge...

Industrialised rivers contain legacy contaminants stored in their sediments and floodplain soils which may inhibit attainment of environmental quality criteria. The River Fal catchment, SW England, is impacted by inputs from uranium mining and clay production and serves as an exemplar for understanding the consequences of medium-term process dynami...

Riverine sediments play an important role in the healthy functioning of river ecosystems as they provide nutrients and a connectivity signal throughout the catchment sediment cascade. However, excess sediment supply to rivers can have several detrimental impacts on water quality, availability and ecology. The application of catchment management pra...

Pristine tropical river systems are coming under increasing pressure from the development of economic resources such as forestry and mining for valuable elements. The Lebir catchment, north eastern Malaysia, is now under development as a result of unregulated tree felling and mining for essential and rare metals. Two sediment cores, one in the upst...

The release of legacy contaminants such as fallout radionuclides (FRNs) in response to glacier retreat is a process that has received relatively little attention to date, yet may have consequences as a source of secondary contamination as glaciers melt and down-waste in response to a warming climate. The presence of FRNs in glacier-fed catchments i...

Soil resources in parts of Tanzania are rapidly being depleted by increased rates of soil erosion and downstream sediment transport, threatening ecosystem health, water- and livelihood security in the region. However, incomplete understanding to what effect the dynamics of soil erosion and sediment transport are responding to land use changes and c...

Evaluation of the spatial and temporal composition of floodplain sediments and soils is critical in the creation of soil management strategies for impacted riverine catchments. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution, and to identify the sources, of particulate trace elements and fallout radionuclides in the catchment of the R...

The release of legacy fallout radionuclides (FRNs) in response to glacier retreat is a process that has received relatively little attention to date, yet may have important consequences as a source of secondary contamination as glaciers melt and down-waste in response to a warming climate. The prevalence of FRNs in glacier-fed catchments is poorly...

Purpose A recreational impoundment was constructed in the mid-nineteenth century on the mudflats reclaimed from the Plym Estuary (SW England) following salt marsh removal and infilling with waste soils from local catchments. Restoration of the salt marsh was attempted about 25 years ago when a regulated tidal exchange system was installed in the em...

Temporal and spatial sediment dynamics in an East-African Rift Lake (Lake Manyara, Tanzania), and its river inputs, have been evaluated via a combination of sediment tracing and radioactive dating. Changes in sedimentation rates were assessed using radioactive dating of sediment cores in combination with geochemical profile analysis of allogenic an...

Glaciers in most parts of the world are retreating, releasing water and sediments to downstream rivers. Studies have found elevated levels of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and other contaminants in glacial sediments, especially cryoconite, in European glaciers and Greenland. However, there are no equivalent studies for glaciers in North America. We...

Soil erosion and associated land degradation is a widespread ‘wicked problem’ undermining the resilience of rural communities in Tanzania. On and off-site consequences of soil erosion have severe impacts on food, livelihood and water security as well as curtailing mobility between communities, resources and markets in fragmented landscapes. Results...

Anadara granosa is a bivalve blood cockle occurring abundantly in tropical estuarine intertidal sediments. The accumulation of Cd, Zn and Fe and their partitioning at the sub-cellular level in the cytosol has been investigated in the gills, digestive gland, body and foot of A. granosa from seven estuaries in the Gulf of Thailand. Cadmium and Zn wer...

Lack of long-term scientific land cover and sediment flux data impedes the development of sustainable land management plans to tackle the increasing land degradation and soil erosion problems in East-Africa. Using Landsat imagery this study managed to reconstruct almost three decades of land cover change (1988-2016) in the Lake Manyara catchment, T...

This Special Issue of Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science presents contributions from ECSA 55; an international symposium organised by the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association (ECSA) and Elsevier on the broad theme of estuaries and coastal seas in times of intense change. The objectives of the SI are to synthesise, hypothesise and illustrate...

The Lake Manyara basin in the East African Rift Region of Tanzania is considered to be an important driver for sustainable development in northern Tanzania in terms of biodiversity conservation, ecotourism, fisheries, pastoralism and (irrigation) agriculture. Besides local conservation, Lake Manyara National Park and its surroundings also have a vi...

Bioaccessible U, Th, Pb and the (238)U decay products (214)Pb and (210)Pb have been determined, using a modified Unified BARGE Method (UBM), in waste solids and soils from an abandoned uranium mine in South West England, UK. Maximum aqua regia extractable concentrations for U, Th and Pb were 16,200, 3.8 and 4750 μg g(-1), respectively. (238)U had h...

The chemical contamination (organic compounds, metals, radionuclides, microplastics, nutrients) of English Channel waters has been reviewed, focussing on the sources, concentrations and impacts. River loads were only reliable for Pb, whereas atmospheric loads appeared robust for Cd, Pb, Hg, PCB-153 and γ-HCH. Temporal trends in atmospheric inputs w...

To better understand the marine biogeochemistry of the platinum group elements (PGE), Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were added in combination and at ppb concentrations to cultures of the marine microalga, Chlorella stigmatophora, maintained in sea water at 15 °C and under 60 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PAR. The accumulation of PGE was established in short-term (...

European river basins are subject to longer-term storage of legacy contaminants in sedimentary sinks and their potential release presents a credible risk to achieving water quality targets required by the EU Water Framework Directive. The catchment of the River Fal, south west England, is extensively mineralised and has been greatly impacted by hea...

p>This chapter deals with the interactions of chemical species with suspended particulate matter (SPM), including nutrients, organic pollutants, metals, and radionuclides. The definition of SPM and its physical and chemical characteristics are introduced and followed by an evaluation of the distribution coefficient, Kd. The subsequent sections focu...

The tissue-specific accumulation and time-dependent depuration of radioactive (63)Ni by the byssus, gut, foot, gills, kidney, adductor muscle and faeces of Mytilus edulis has been investigated using a pulse-chase technique. The rate and extent of depuration of (63)Ni varied between tissues and, after 168 h, the concentration factors and assimilatio...

This chapter deals with the interactions of chemical species with suspended particulate matter (SPM), including nutrients, organic pollutants, metals, and radionuclides. The definition of SPM and its physical and chemical characteristics are introduced and followed by an evaluation of the distribution coefficient, Kd. The subsequent sections focus...

This chapter deals with the interactions of chemical species with suspended particulate matter (SPM), including nutrients, organic pollutants, metals, and radionuclides. The definition of SPM and its physical and chemical characteristics are introduced and followed by an evaluation of the distribution coefficient, Kd. The subsequent sections focus...

Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn have been determined in sediment (<500 μm) and macroscopic paint particles (>500 μm) retrieved from sections of two cores collected from a tidal inlet of the Plym estuary, southwest England. Paint particles contributed up to about 0.2% of the total mass retrieved from each section and were most abundant towards t...

The hypothesis that particle–water interactions of organic nitrogen (ON) in turbid estuaries are controlled by specific fractions of suspended particulate matter (SPM) has been tested. Suspended particles from the turbidity maximum zone of a temperate, macro-tidal estuary were separated by gravitational settling to yield permanently suspended (PSPM...

Marine mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed to seawater spiked with tritiated water (HTO) at a dose rate of 122 and 79 μGy h(-1) for 7 and 14 days, respectively, and tritiated glycine (T-Gly) at a dose rate of 4.9 μGy h(-1) over 7 days. This was followed by depuration in clean seawater for 21 days. Tissues (foot, gills, digestive gland, mantle, ad...

The contemporary inputs of total metals to the Severn Estuary and the inner Bristol Channel from land-based sources have declined over the past 25 years, with the possible exception of chromium. Coherent measurements of dissolved and suspended particulate and sedimentary metals, dissolved nutrients and master variables, including salinity, suspende...

The geochemical behaviour of dissolved trace elements in sediment interstitial waters from the Vigo Ria (Galicia, Spain) has been determined. Dissolved concentrations in the pore waters ranged between 1.7–23.2 nM for Co, 1.5–131 nM for Cu, 19.5–159 nM for Ni, 0.02–19.3 nM for Pb, 5.4–260 nM for V and 0.2–241 nM for Zn. Values for Cu, Pb and Zn were...

Tritium is an important environmental radionuclide whose reactivity with ligands and solids in aquatic systems is assumed to be limited. We studied the fractionation and sorption of tritium (added as tritiated water) in river water and seawater, and found that its distribution appears to be influenced by its affinity for organic matter. Tritium rap...

The transport and reactivity of Ni bound to size-fractionated sediment (d50=130μm) from the Mersey estuary have been examined in a high capacity flume, modified to accommodate a model estuary. A 10cm layer of size-fractionated sediment was spread on the base of the flume, with the exception of a small plug of size-fractionated sediment that had bee...

The fractionation of platinum group elements (PGE) rhodium(III), palladium(II), and platinum(IV), has been studied after their addition in aqueous form to unfiltered river water samples (Tugela river, South Africa) and to mixtures of river water and seawater. The particulate fraction of PGE averaged about 70 (Rh), 50 (Pd), and 25% (Pt) of total met...

The adsorption of Cd to aged hydrous oxides (FeOOH and MnO2) and to fractionated (sediment≫MnO2. The aqueous equilibrium speciation of Cd along the estuarine gradient was computed by WHAM 6, with organic complexation modelled using either the default settings for fulvic substances or measurements of the hydrophobic (C18-retained) fraction of Cd. Fr...

Experiments have been carried out in a high capacity flume to quantify the transport and reactivity of contaminated estuarine sediments. The study focuses on the parameterisation of the axial re-distribution of metal contaminants within the bed sediment, including the mixing depth, as a function of local bed shear stresses and the sediment-water pa...

Acid hydrolysis of estuarine water samples for the determination of amino acids (AAs) was tested and found to be effective at high (250μM) nitrate concentrations when the anti-oxidant, ascorbic acid, was added to the samples. Hydrolysable AA concentrations were then determined in surface sediments collected from low and high salinity regions of the...

The Pak Panang is a fertile yet environmentally degraded coastal embayment in southern Thailand, which is subject to massive flooding during the northeast monsoon. This study characterizes the seasonal variability of the water chemistry and the concentrations and distributions of dissolved arsenic and arsenic in sediments. In situ monitoring of wat...

oyster Crassostrea gigas. In: Hylland, K., Lang, T., Thain, J., Vethaak,A.D., Wosniok, W. (Eds.), Biological Effects of Contaminants inPelagic Ecosystems. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chem-istry (SETAC), Brussels, pp. 367–376.Manly, B.F.J., 1998. Randomization, Bootstrap and Monte CarloMethods in Biology, second ed. Chapman and Hall, Lond...

The recovery of dissolved platinum group elements (PGE: Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Rh(III)) added to Milli-Q water, artificial freshwater and seawater and filtered natural waters has been studied, as a function of pH and PGE concentration, in containers of varying synthetic composition. The least adsorptive and/or precipitative loss was obtained for borosi...

Dissolved Rh (III) and Pt (IV) were added to suspensions (140 g L−1) of cohesive and non-cohesive estuarine sediments and their time-dependent uptake monitored. Adsorption of Rh and Pt onto cohesive sediments was rapid and near complete removal (>95%) occurred within 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The chemical response times (Tresp: the time required...

Sediment cores, collected from a contaminated zone in the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), were sectioned, under nitrogen, and centrifuged to remove the pore waters. The sediment characteristics, including acid volatile sulphide (AVS) concentrations, were determined, together with total and available metals (Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and the total dissolved...

Elevated concentrations of dissolved and particulate Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn have been determined in the waters of Kandalaksha Bay (White Sea, Russia), following the ice melt in the spring of 2000. Dissolved metal maxima in the surface waters were observed at some stations and concentrations generally decreased with depth. The suspended particulate matte...

Concentrations of dissolved and particulate NH4+ and mono-, di- and trimethylamines (MAs) were determined in surface sediments and pore-waters collected from the Thames Estuary, United Kingdom, during July and November 2001. Dissolved NH4+ was an order of magnitude more abundant than the MAs in the pore-waters, whereas in the solid phase each MA wa...

The genotoxic effects of tritium (3H) in the adult life stage of Mytilus edulis have been evaluated by the induction of micronuclei (MN) and DNA single strand breaks/alkali labile sites (Comet assay) in the haemocytes of exposed individuals. Assays were optimised and validated using ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) as a reference genotoxic agent over d...

The uptake of platinum group elements (PGE) by different preparations of estuarine sediment suspended in filtered river water has been examined. For a given PGE, adsorption time courses to untreated sediment and to sediment whose hydrous metal oxides or organic matter had been removed by appropriate chemical treatments were similar. Adsorption of R...

Despite growing scientific, public and regulatory concern over the discharge of radioactive substances, no serious attempts have been made to develop a rationale to evaluate the impact of environmentally relevant radionuclides in the aquatic environment. In this study, we have evaluated the genotoxic effects and tissue-specific concentration of tri...

The applicability of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM; imaging of hydrated samples) and conventional high vacuum scanning electron microscopy (SEM; imaging of dried samples at high vacuum) for the observation of natural aquatic colloids and particles was explored and compared. Specific attention was given to the advantages and limit...

The sediment–water partitioning of radiolabelled Cd, Hg and Zn has been investigated along an estuarine salinity gradient using samples from the Mersey Estuary, UK. Partitioning was studied using untreated particles, and particles that had been extracted using either a reducing agent (NH2OH.HCl–HOAc) or an oxidising agent (H2O2) in order to qualita...

An analysis of the intra-annual variability of hydrographic residence times, tau, is presented for the Pontevedra Ria--a large coastal system in NW Spain with a deep, unobstructed connection with the Atlantic Ocean. Ria-offshore water exchange and tau were quantified with an iterative approach to the fraction of freshwater method using 23 quasi-ste...

Suitable techniques have been developed for the extraction of arsenic species in a variety of biological and environmental samples from the Pak Pa-Nang Estuary and catchment, located in Southern Thailand, and for their determination using HPLC directly coupled with ICP-MS. The estuary catchment comprises a tin mining area and inhabitants of the reg...

The hydrophobicity and particle-water interactions of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in an "organic-poor" estuary (Plym, United Kingdom) and an "organic-rich" estuary (Beaulieu, United Kingdom) have been investigated using radiotracers. The hydrophobic fraction of dissolved Cd (retained by a reverse-phase C 18 column) was about 50% in the River Beaulie...

Surface sediment and suspended particulate matter (SPM), together with two sediment traps, from Kandalaksha Bay and its associated estuaries (Niva, Kolvitsa and Knyazhaya) were collected during June 2000 in order to evaluate the nickel distribution and fluxes within the basin. The mean nickel concentration found in the sediments (45.2 ± 9.4 μg/g) i...

This paper provides a foreword to a special edition of Science of the Total Environment concerned with land-ocean interaction from a UK perspective as linked to processes, functioning and environmental management. The volume structure is presented together with an outline of the nature of the individual papers. The areas covered are: (1) freshwater...

The kinetics of desorption of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn from riverine and estuarine sediments have been determined in deionised water and seawater (salinity=30). The time-dependent release of Cd, Cu and Ni from riverine sediments in both media showed an increase in dissolved metal concentrations within a few minutes, followed by a plateau after several hou...

Predictions of the tidal variation in water elevation and the advection-dispersion of solutes have been made for the Tweed River Estuary (UK) by application of a modelling package called ECoS. The estuarine model consisted of a one-dimensional hydrodynamic scheme with tidally variable channel cross-sectional area. The model was driven by predicted...

The hydrochemical and physical functioning of UK river basins, estuaries and coastal waters through to the open sea are outlined in relation to British environmental research over the last ten or more years. An overview of a considerable body of published work is presented in the context of current findings and future research challenges. This is l...

The kinetics of Ni adsorption in rivers of widely different chemical characteristics have been studied by monitoring the uptake of 63Ni by suspended sediment particles. The rate and extent of adsorption was critically dependent on the presence and concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM), defined analytically as the concentration of dissolve...

The concentrations of dissolved and suspended particulate Cd, Cu and Zn have been determined in water samples obtained during two axial transects of the Rio Tinto-Huelva Ria system in south-west Spain, which is severely impacted by acid mine drainage. Although the metal concentrations in both phases were elevated, dissolved metals were dominant and...

Time-dependent sorption experiments have been carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, using filtered river water and particles from the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) of the Tamar Estuary (UK). Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (ACSV) was used to determine ACSV labile and total dissolved Cu and Ni, without prior sample handling an...

Suspended particles are instrumental in controlling the reactivity, transport and biological impacts of substances in aquatic environments, and provide a crucial link for chemical constituents between the water column, bed sediment and food chain. This article reviews the role of suspended particles in the chemical and biological cycling of trace c...

The concentrations of dissolved Ni (Nid) and particulate Ni (Nip) in suspended particulate material (SPM) and sediments have been determined in samples collected from the Humber coastal zone on four occasions during 1994 and 1995. At the mouth of the Humber Estuary, concentrations of Nid varied from 0·5–4·1μgl−1 and had a significant inverse relati...

Distributions of dissolved and non-detrital (available to 1 M HCl) particulate Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in samples collected from the Mersey Estuary, UK, during four high-resolution axial transects. With the exception of Cu, dissolved metal concentrations displayed positive deviations from conservative behaviour. Cobalt and Ni...

The sediment-water partitioning and speciation of inorganic mercury have been studied under simulated estuarine conditions by monitoring the hydrophobicity and uptake of dissolved 203Hg(II) in samples from a variety of estuarine environments. A persistent increase in the distribution coefficientwith increasing salinity is inconsistent with inorgani...

This paper describes the distributions, biogeochemical behaviour and impact of metals in the marine environment with specific reference to Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sn (including the butyl tins) and Zn. The discussion includes key processes affecting the transport and reactivity of these toxic metals, and in particular their partitioning between the dissolve...

The activity concentrations of dissolved137Cs have been determined in the water column and137Cs and134Cs in the sediments and the sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea. The mean activity concentration of dissolved137Cs in the Gdansk Deep declined from 109Bq m−3in June 1986 to 61Bq m−3in 1999. In sediments, the activity concentrations of137...

Radiochemical partitioning experiments using 203Hg have been undertaken with mixtures of river, seawater and sediment samples taken from three geochemically contrasting UK estuaries: the Plym, Beaulieu and Mersey. Species of dissolved Hg were determined using reversed-phase C18 chelating columns and particulate species were determined by sequential...

Iron, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn have been determined in suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected in the estuarine plume regions of the Humber (during winter, spring and summer) and Thames (winter only). Metal concentrations (w/w) were found to increase with SPM concentration and could be defined in terms of the mixing of an ambient, slow settling popul...

Concentrations of particulate Fe (FeP), Mn (MnP), Zn (ZnP) and Ni (NiP) have been determined in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the mouth of the Humber Estuary and its coastal waters during five cruises in 1994–1995. The particulate metal concentrations were inversely related to salinity, although the relationship was less pronounced at tim...

Samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) have been collected in the tidal reaches of the Ouse and Trent over seven surveys covering the annual cycle of riverine conditions. Settling experiments were carried out on water samples to differentiate permanently suspended particulate material (PSPM) from temporarily suspended particulate material (T...

Surface sediments have been collected from the Chupa Estuary (Russia) prior to ice formation in September 1995 and after ice melting in May 1997. Metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were determined in the <63 mu m and >63 mu m grain size fractions following a two-stage sequential extraction, which removed non-detrital and detrital meta...

This study was undertaken to determine the fate and fluxes of materials from Arctic estuaries to the coastal zone. The paper is the first of a series addressing questions relating to the physics and chemistry of the region. Three seasonal cruises were undertaken in the Chupa Estuary, White Sea, Russia; in summer (July 1994), autumn (September, 1995...

In the period from 1950 to 1994, most of the mercury discharged to the Lagoon of Aveiro was retained in the sediments of a small area of around 1.7 km2 (25.4 x 103 kg, about 77% of the total), which corresponds to the Estarreja Channel plus a basin named Laranjo Basin located downstream. In 1994, the mercury concentration in surface sediments of th...

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the Tamar Estuary was separated into permanent SPM (PSPM) and temporary SPM (TSPM) by settling experiments. Both particulate fractions were chemically characterized and used to study the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of Zn and Ni. The results showed that the adsorption of Zn and Ni at salinity=0 was b...

Particulate and dissolved trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) have been determined following intensive sampling in January and May 1989 at two sites in the southern North Sea. Site A (52° 39.5′N, 003° 40.0′E) had sandy sediments, a permanently well-mixed water column and salinities >34.5, associated with waters from the English Channel...

The uptake and depuration of Ni (as radioisotope 63Ni) by Mytilus edulis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) has been investigated in a laboratory mesocosm. Nickel was reversibly held on low energy surface sites of estuarine suspended particulate matter (SPM), with a partition coefficient of the order 10(3) ml g-1, resulting in approximately 80% of radioisotopic...

Mercury pollution is a regional problem in the Aveiro's Lagoon. During 4 decades, a remote branch (Estarreja Channel) has received a discharge of mercury from a chlor-alkali plant, that is spread in the Laranjo Basin. Of special interest is the dispersion of mercury from these areas to the Lagoon. This work is a first attempt to quantify the net fl...

The concentrations of dissolved and particulate Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb have been determined in four cores obtained from the north-eastern Irish Sea. The diffusional fluxes of Cu, Pb and Mn from the sediments have been estimated from the concentration gradients between the porewaters and the overlying seawater. The concentrations of Cu, Pb and Mn in mari...

Mytilus edulis were maintained in laboratory flow-through systems and fed estuarine permanently suspended particulate matter (PSPM), of particle diameters from <3 to 40 μm. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu in the PSPM, and in the faeces and pseudofaeces produced by the mussels, were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, following di...

In the period from 1950 to 1994, most of the mercury discharged to the Lagoon of Aveiro was retained in the sediments of a small area of around 1.7 km2 (25.4 × 103 kg, about 77% of the total), which corresponds to the Estarreja Channel plus a basin named Laranjo Basin located downstream. In 1994, the mercury concentration in surface sediments of th...

The Humber Estuary is a physically dynamic system into which industrial wastes contaminated with heavy metals have been discharged for many years. The total fluxes of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn from the Humber Estuary to the North Sea have been estimated for December 1988, May 1990 and August 1990. These fluxes have been compared to inputs into the...

A new transport model for metals (named NOSTRADAMUS) has been developed to predict concentrations and distributions of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the southern North Sea. NOSTRADAMUS is comprised of components for water, inorganic and organic suspended particulate matter transport; a primary production module contributes to the latter component. Metal...

This paper presents a critical review of the current state of knowledge of trace metal processes in the Humber plume, as illustrated by the marine chemistry of Pb and Zn. The data sources were abstracted from the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council North Sea Project CD ROM. Particulate and dissolved Pb and Zn were monitored, spatially and sea...

Dissolved and pariculate arsenic species have been determined in the Thames Estuary and Plume. During February 1989 only dissolved inorganic arsenic was detected in the estuary (mean concentration 97.8 ± 5.7 nM) and the plume (mean concentration 43.7 ± 12.0 nM). In July 1990, the mean concentration of dissolved inorganic arsenic in the plume was 28...