Geoffrey Horrocks

University of Cambridge | Cam · Faculty of Classics

It has long been taken for granted in reference works, grammars and elementary introductions that Ancient Greek had three grammatical voices, active, passive and middle. Yet scholars have always had great difficulty in characterising the middle voice in a straightforward and convincing way, and language learners are often perplexed to find that mos...

It has long been taken for granted in reference works, grammars and elementary introductions that Ancient Greek had three grammatical voices, active, passive and middle. Yet scholars have always had great difficulty in characterising the middle voice in a straightforward and convincing way, and language learners are often perplexed to find that mos...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3,000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches fro...

The Greek language has a written history of more than 3000 years. While the classical, Hellenistic and modern periods of the language are well researched, the intermediate stages are much less well known, but of great interest to those curious to know how a language changes over time. The geographical area where Greek has been spoken stretches from...

The Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities and the Faculty of Science and Technology at the University of Westminster are pleased to announce the 13th International Conference on Greek Linguistics, which will be held in London on 7–9 September 2017. ICGL is a biennial meeting, held every two years since 1993, that focuses on all aspects of the l...

This book provides a critical review of the development of generative grammar, both transformational and non-transformational, from the early 1960s to the present, and presents contemporary results in the context of an overall evaluation of recent research in the field. Geoffrey Horrocks compares Chomsky's approach to the study of grammar, culminat...

In Ancient Greek a single set of indefinite enclitic pronouns was used indifferently in both negative/affective environments (i.e. like negative polarity items (NPI)) and in positive ones (i.e. like positive polarity items (PPI)). At the same time the negative pronouns used as negative quantifiers (NQ) were also employed as emphatic NPIs, with nega...

IntroductionMeaning and Sentence StructureConstituency and DiscontinuityPhrases: Heads, Complements and AdjunctsConstituent Order in ClausesClause Structure: Main and Subordinate ClausesConclusion

In addition to Greek, the Byzantines spoke many other languages. In Late Antiquity, Latin and Greek, the two "world languages", were not only the primary cultural languages, but also the sole official languages, of the Roman Empire. By the end of the sixth century, however, Greek-Latin bilingualism in the east, including Constantinople, had waned....

The Coming of the ‘Greeks’ to GreeceThe Earliest Records: Mycenaean GreekGreek Dialect Relations and the Place of MycenaeanSome Examples

ContinuityThe Impact of the EnlightenmentContemporary ‘Demotic’The Roots of the ‘Language Question’

IntroductionThe Language of Homer and its InfluenceOfficial and Literary Ionic

Irredentism: Triumph and DisasterDictatorship and WarRecovery, the Colonels and the Restoration of Democracy

IntroductionThe Early Period: Prokópios (First Half of the 6th Century)The Middle Period: Michaél Psellós (1018–1078 or 1096)The Modal ImperfectThe Late Period: Anna Komnené (1083–c.1153)After the Fall: Michaél Kritóboulos (15th Century)Conclusion

IntroductionGreek and Other Languages in the Early Byzantine PeriodThe Prestige of GreekGreek in the Later Empire‘The Koine’ in ByzantiumThe Balkan Sprachbund: Future FormationsConclusion

The Impact of TurkishThe Spoken Dialects of Modern GreekPopular Culture in the Turkish Period: The Folk Songs

The Early and Middle PeriodsVernacular Literature of the 12th CenturyThe 14th and 15th Centuries: The Palaiologan Court and Frankish RuleThe First Dialect Literature: Cyprus and CreteConclusion

Half-Title PageDedication PageTitle PageCopyright PageTable of ContentsPreface to the First EditionPreface to the Second EditionIPA ChartThe Greek Alphabet

IntroductionThe Koine as an Extension of Great AtticThe Impact and Status of the KoineThe Fate of the Ancient Greek DialectsThe Koine in the Hellenistic KingdomsThe Koine as an Official LanguageLanguage and Literature in the Hellenistic World: The Koine as a Literary DialectClitic Pronouns and the Shift Towards VS Word OrderAnalogical Pressure on t...

IntroductionThe Completion of Sound Changes Beginning in AntiquityGrammatical Consequences of AphaeresisOld and New Patterns of Subordination: Clitic Pronouns and VSO OrderDialect Diversity in Medieval GreekLater Phonetic and Phonological DevelopmentsNominal Morphology and SyntaxVerb Morphology and SyntaxConclusion

The Later Roman EmpireThe Age of Transition: Ioustinianós and the Arab ConquestsThe Middle Byzantine Period: Iconoclasm, Renaissance and DeclineThe Late Byzantine Period: Stabilization, Defeat and Fall

Attic as a Literary Standard‘Great Attic’ as an Administrative Language

KoraísThe Roots of Demoticism: Solomós and the Ionian IslandsThe Rise of KatharévousaReaction: Psycháris and the Demoticist ProgrammeThe Progress of DemoticismThe 20th Century: Crisis and ResolutionStandard Modern GreekA Range of Styles

The Early YearsOttoman DeclineRevolution and Independence

IntroductionSummary of the Principal Developments in the Vowel SystemSome Illustrative ExamplesThe Development of the Consonant SystemSome Egyptian TextsConclusion

IntroductionChronicles in the Early and Middle PeriodsHagiography and Exegetical WorksParaenetic Literature of the Middle PeriodThe Metaphrases of the Palaiologan PeriodAcademic Greek in the Late Period: Máximos Planoúdes (c.1255–c.1305)Official Greek of the Later EmpireConclusion

Roman DominationThe Fate of GreekThe Impact of Bilingualism: Greek and Latin in ContactRoman Attitudes to Greek CultureAtticism and the Second SophisticAtticist Grammars and Lexica: Aelius AristidesThe Official Koine in the Roman Republican PeriodPast-Tense MorphologyOfficial Writing of the Roman Imperial Period‘Colloquial’ LiteratureLater Christia...

Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers, Second Edition reveals the trajectory of the Greek language from the Mycenaean period of the second millennium BC to the current day. • Offers a complete linguistic treatment of the history of the Greek language • Updated second edition features increased coverage of the ancient evidence, as well a...

We identify different functions of cognate objects cross-linguistically, and analyse cognate object constructions as 'lexicalized' light verb constructions. In Greek etc. these involve no shift of aspectual character vis-à-vis the simple verb. But COCs in English etc. provide terminative equivalents to nonterminative unergatives (the relevant VPs d...

Linguistics - Colvin(S.)A Historical Greek Reader: Mycenaean to the Koiné. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Pp. xx + 302. £75. 9780199226597. - Volume 129 - Geoffrey Horrocks

Linguistics - Hodot(R.)Ed.La koiné grecque antique 5: Alternances codiques et changements de code. Nancy: ADRA and Paris: De Boccard, 2004. Pp. 151. 30. 9782913667112. - Volume 127 - Geoffrey Horrocks

In many languages, including English, sentences with agentive manner-of-motion verbs (e.g. Bill swam (for hours)) may come to denote telic eventualities through the addition of PP complements marking goals or sometimes result-locations (e.g. Bill swam to the island (in five minutes), John ran in the house (at noon)). We show that the absence of suc...

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

The primary purpose of this article is to examine the formation of deverbal abstract nouns in the history of Greek, in particular those subclasses that involve an element -s- in their derivation (as, for example, ancient Greek ták-s-is ‘order/ arrangement’, a-tak-s-ía: ‘disorder’, both from the root tag- ‘order/arrange’). The historical development...

1. Introduction 2. List of Contributors 3. Section I: Phonology 4. Breaking up is (not) Hard to Do the case of the modern greek pt/kt sequences (by Pagoni-Tetlow, Stamatia) 5. Lexical Marking and Dominance in Modern Greek (by Revithiadou, Anthi) 6. Section II: Morphology 7. On the Morphological Status of Inflectional Features evidence from modern g...

The descriptive power of early Generative Grammar was tested and established through detailed analyses of phenomena in many languages including Greek.2 But although it is undeniable that Greek (Gr) has been subject to extensive analysis within the generative framework, it is also true that some twenty years ago its study was still in its infancy; p...

It is a commonplace of textbook treatments of mood and modality to point out that many languages employ ‘past tense’ forms to express not only temporal but also modal remoteness (i.e. unreality or potentiality) from the ‘here-and-now’, e.g. Lyons (1977: 809–23), Palmer (1986: 208–15). The same observation, mutatis mutandis , may apply to certain mo...

This article considers a range of evidence relevant to the determination of the configurational/non-configurational character of clause structure in Modern Greek (an issue that has led to some recent controversy, see Catsimali (1991) versus Tsimpli (1990, 1992)), and also re-examines the status of preverbal subjects in that language; some linguists...

HaegemanLiliane, Introduction to Government and Binding theory. Oxford & Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991. Pp. xix + 618. - Volume 28 Issue 2 - Geoffrey Horrocks

JosephBrian D. and Philippaki-WarburtonIrene, Modern Greek. London, Sydney, Wolfeboro (New Hampshire): Croom Helm, 1987. Pp. viii + 281. - Volume 24 Issue 1 - Geoffrey Horrocks

SellsPeter, Lectures on contemporary syntactic theories: an introduction to Government-Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Lexicat-Functional Grammar. Stanford University Center for the Study of Language and Information. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Pp. 214. - Volume 23 Issue 2 - Geoffrey Horrocks

It is a standard assumption of government-binding theory that the relationship between a constituent displaced by the transformational rule schema Move α and its trace is subject to the locality condition known as subjacency, the central principle of the subtheory of universal grammar known as bounding theory (Chomsky, 1981, 1982, 1986). Subjacency...