
Genevieve GariepyPublic Health Agency of Canada | PHAC
Genevieve Gariepy
Ph.D.
About
162
Publications
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
Education
September 2010 - December 2014
September 2007 - May 2009
January 2005 - May 2007
Publications
Publications (162)
Aim:
To investigate the effect of the neighbourhood built environment on trajectories of depression symptom episodes in adults from the general Canadian population.
Research design and methods:
We used 10 years of data collection (2000/01-2010/11) from the Canadian National Population Health Study (n = 7114). Episodes of depression symptoms were...
Purpose
The prevention of youth violence is a public health priority in many countries. We examined the prevalence of bullying victimization and physical fighting in youths in 79 high- and low-income countries and the relations between structural determinants of adolescent health (country wealth, income inequality, and government spending on educat...
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries. Obesity is hypothesized to be a risk factor for anxiety disorders but evidence supporting an association between these two conditions is not clear. The objectives of this paper were to systematically review the literature for a link between obesity and anxiety disorde...
Introduction
Les effets de l’utilisation des médias sociaux sur la santé des adolescents soulèvent de plus en plus de préoccupations en matière de santé publique. Nous avons exploré la relation entre cette utilisation et la santé du sommeil chez les adolescents du Canada de 11 à 17 ans.
Méthodologie
Des données de l’Enquête sur les comportements d...
Introduction
Public health concerns over the impact of social media use (SMU) on adolescent health are growing. We investigated the relationship between SMU and sleep health in adolescents in Canada aged 11 to 17 years.
Methods
Data from the 2017–2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study were available for 12 557 participants (55.2% fema...
Background
Suicide is a significant public health issue. Many risk prediction tools have been developed to estimate an individual’s risk of suicide. Risk prediction models can go beyond individual risk assessment; one important application of risk prediction models is population health planning. Suicide is a result of the interaction among the risk...
Suicide is a complex, multidimensional event, and a significant challenge for prevention globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged to harness large-scale datasets to enhance risk detection. In order to trust and act upon the predictions made with ML, more intuitive user interfaces must be validated. Thus, Interpr...
BACKGROUND
Suicide is a significant public health issue. Many risk prediction tools have been developed to estimate an individual’s risk of suicide. Risk prediction models can go beyond individual risk assessment; one important application of risk prediction models is population health planning. Suicide is a result of the interaction among the risk...
Introduction
Social isolation and loneliness are associated with poorer mental health among older adults. However, less is known about how these experiences are independently associated with positive mental health (PMH) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We analyzed data from the 2020 and 2021 cycles of the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health...
Introduction
L’isolement social et la solitude sont associés à une moins bonne santé mentale chez les aînés. Toutefois, on en sait moins sur la façon dont ces expériences sont associées de manière indépendante à une santé mentale positive pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.
Méthodologie
Nous avons analysé les données des cycles de 2020 et de 2021 de...
Objective:
To determine the association between social media use (SMU) and physical activity (PA) among Canadian adolescents.
Methods:
We used data from 12,358 participants in grades 6 to 10 who responded to the Canadian component of the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Social media intensity and problematic SMU...
Introduction
Suicide has a complex aetiology and is a result of the interaction among the risk and protective factors at the individual, healthcare system and population levels. Therefore, policy and decision makers and mental health service planners can play an important role in suicide prevention. Although a number of suicide risk predictive tool...
Objective:
Over the past decade, concurrent with increasing social media use (SMU), there has been a shift toward poorer sleep among adolescents in many countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-national associations between adolescent SMU and sleep patterns, by comparing 4 different categories of SMU (nonactive, active, intens...
Abstract
Introduction Suicide has a complex aetiology and is a result of the interaction among the risk and protective factors at the individual, healthcare system and population levels. Therefore, policy and decision makers and mental health service planners can play an important role in suicide prevention. Although a number of suicide risk predic...
Background:
The development of healthy relationships and connections is of fundamental importance to adolescent well-being. The use of social media plays a vital role in the lives of young Canadians, yet the association between different types of social media use and the quality of relationships and connections remains unknown, and most existing a...
Objective
Alcohol use is a known risk factor for suicidality, yet this relationship has not been explored during the pandemic in Canada. As a growing body of evidence demonstrates the negative impact of COVID-19 on alcohol consumption and associated harms in Canada, there is a need to examine this more closely.
Methods
Using the Survey on COVID-19...
Purpose
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treating several psychiatric disorders. However, only a minority of patients are treated with ECT. It is of primary importance to characterize their profile for epidemiological purposes and to inform clinical practice. We aimed to characterize the longitudinal profile of psychopathology and s...
Scientists in sleep and circadian rhythms, public health experts, healthcare providers, partners, and stakeholders convened in 2020 for a 2-day meeting organized by the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network to develop a national strategy for the integration of sleep and circadian rhythms into public health and policies in Canada. The objective of th...
Objective
To estimate the years of life gained when meeting the sleep duration recommendations across the adult lifespan.
Methods
Three pieces of information were used to estimate and compare life expectancy at each age of adult life among Canadian adults who did and did not meet sleep duration recommendations: (i) the prevalence of self-reported...
Background
Happiness is becoming increasingly relevant in recent research, including adolescents. Many studies are using the single-item measure for adolescent happiness, however, its validity is not well known. We aimed to examine the validity of this measure among adolescents in three countries from distinct European regions – Eastern (Lithuania)...
Purpose There are increasing concerns about the intersection between NEET (not in education, employment, or training) status and youth mental ill-health and substance use. However, findings are inconsistent and differ across types of problems. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO-CRD42018087446) on the association between...
Photovoice is a participatory action research method in which participants take and narrate photographs to share their experiences and perspectives. This method is gaining in popularity among health researchers. Few studies, however, have described virtual photovoice data collection despite the growing interest among qualitative health researchers...
Our study evaluated the relationship between adolescent health complaints and socioeconomic position in 45 countries. Data are from the 2017/2018 international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey which used proportionate sampling among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years old ( n =228,979). Multilevel, multinomial regression analysis assesse...
Objective
To provide estimates of the health care and productivity costs associated with insufficient sleep duration (<7 hours per night) in Canadian adults.
Methods
A prevalence-based approach was used to estimate the economic costs associated with insufficient sleep duration. Estimates relied on 3 pieces of information: (1) the relative risks of...
Introduction:
Household food insecurity (HFI) is a persistent public health issue in Canada that may have disproportionately affected certain subgroups of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to report on the prevalence of HFI in the Canadian general population and in subpopulations after the declar...
Introduction
L’insécurité alimentaire des ménages (IAM), un problème de santé publique chronique au Canada, pourrait avoir touché de façon disproportionnée certains groupes de population durant la pandémie de COVID 19. Cette revue systématique vise à analyser la prévalence de l’IAM au sein de la population canadienne générale ainsi qu’au sein de ce...
Introduction
La polyconsommation (l’usage de plusieurs substances en même temps ou sur une courte période) est une pratique courante chez les personnes qui consomment des drogues. La récente hausse de la mortalité et des surdoses associées à la polyconsommation rend essentielle la compréhension des motivations qui sous-tendent cette tendance. Cette...
Introduction
Polysubstance use—the use of substances at the same time or close in time—is a common practice among people who use drugs. The recent rise in mortality and overdose associated with polysubstance use makes understanding current motivations underlying this pattern critical. The objective of this review was to synthesize current knowledge...
Background
Maternal depression is negatively associated with cognitive development across childhood and adolescence, with mixed evidence on whether this association differs in boys and girls. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-specific estimates of the association between maternal depression and offspring cognitive ou...
Background
Peer victimization is associated with an increased risk for depression, but there is less evidence on how certain factors such as friend support can buffer this association. This study investigated the associations between friend support and depressive symptoms among victimized and non-victimized adolescent girls and boys from South Kore...
Availability of health-promoting interventions (HPIs) may vary across schools serving students with different socioeconomic backgrounds. Our objectives were to describe social inequalities across elementary schools in: (i) level of importance that school principals attribute to 13 common health-related issues among students in their school; (ii) av...
Cross-national evidence is lacking on the association between food insecurity and mental health in youth populations, and on state fragility as a social determinant of these experiences. We analysed data from six cycles of the Gallup World Poll (2014-2019), an annual survey that contains multi-item scales of food insecurity, mental health problems...
Importance
Mental health problems are common during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Although perceived social support and mental health problems have been shown to be concurrently associated, longitudinal studies are lacking to document the directionality of this association, especially in emerging adulthood (late teens to late...
Food insecurity contributes to various stress-related health problems and previous research found that its association with mental illness is stronger in more affluent countries. We hypothesised that this pattern is a function of relative deprivation whereby the severity of individual food insecurity relative to others in a reference group determin...
Aim:
The issue of youth who are not engaged in education, employment or training has been a focus of policymakers for decades. Although interventions exist for these youth, they often measure success in ways that fail to capture what youth seek to gain. The project aims to address this gap by assessing youth-oriented outcomes for interventions tar...
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the social and economic activities of the world. Social distancing measures put in place by public health authorities have indirectly increased the level of stress and reduced the number and quality of social interactions maintained by individuals. Because biological sex and socio-cultural gender are i...
Purpose
Insufficient and poor sleep patterns are common among adolescents worldwide. Up to now, the evidence on adolescent sleep has been mostly informed by country-specific studies that used different measures and age groups, making direct comparisons difficult. Cross-national data on adolescent sleep that could inform nations and international di...
Note: The 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM) Convention was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is the abstract for a poster that was not presented.
Purpose: The negative health and social consequences of income inequality are often attributed to complex psychosocial constructs (e.g., class anxiety or reduced social ca...
Background:
Maternal education in a child's early life may directly affect the child's adult cardiometabolic health, but this is difficult to disentangle from biological, social, and behavioral life course processes that are associated with maternal education. These processes may also differ between males and females.
Methods:
Using data from th...
In Reply We appreciate the thoughtful question from Jarret et al regarding the items added to the Family Affluence Scale between the 1994 and 2014 cycles of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study and whether these changes may have affected the association between early-life income inequality and bullying in adolescence.¹ Although socioec...
Background:
Caring for a child with a neurodisability (ND) impacts the financial decisions, relationships and well-being of family members, but evidence on the economic trajectories of families throughout the life course is missing.
Methods:
Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we tracked the families of 3317 children starting 5 y...
Evidence suggests that the timing of sleep (chronotype) impacts mental health in young people, but previous studies have not accounted for sleep duration or school start time in this association, or examined a broad range of mental outcomes. In this study, we investigated the association between chronotype and mental health in a representative samp...
Importance While the association between income inequality and interpersonal violence has been attributed to the psychosocial effects of inequality (eg, increased class anxiety, reduced social capital), longitudinal evidence for this pathway is limited by a reliance on small ecological studies and cross-sectional data. The developmental consequence...
Objective:
New research suggests that the timing of sleep, or chronotype, affects the mental well-being of adolescents, however evidence of its links to physical health is limited. We investigated the associations between chronotype and various health outcomes and behaviours in a national sample of Canadian adolescents.
Methods:
Data were from t...
Background
Research findings over the past two decades have improved our understanding of schizophrenia and related disorders, including their onset and early course. However, this growing uptake also necessitates attention to the representativeness of research samples. In order to assess the implicit assumption of generalizability, we examined cha...
Background:
Scant evidence exists on the relation between the availability of health professionals and adolescent health, and whether the size of the health workforce equally benefits adolescents across socioeconomic strata.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adolescent health in 38 countries. Data from 218 790 adolescents were...
Objective:
Recent studies suggest that youth who have a mental health problem are more likely to be NEET-not in education, employment, or training-but findings remain mixed, and evidence from Canada is limited. We examined this association across a range of mental and substance disorders in a representative sample of Canadian youth.
Method:
Data...
Purpose:
The early phases of psychosis, including the prodrome, often feature educational/occupational difficulties and various symptoms and signs, that can render or keep youths "Not in Employment, Education or Training" (NEET). Conversely, NEET status itself may increase risk for illness progression and impaired functioning, and impede access to...
Objective To examine the association between corporal punishment bans and youth violence at an international level.
Design Ecological study of low-income to high-income 88 countries.
setting School-based health surveys of students. Participants 403604adolescents.
Interventions National corporal punishment bans. Primary outcome measure Age-standardi...
Aim
To examine key outcomes in the education of young people with and without neurodisabilities, and to investigate additional disparities in educational achievement in relation to socio‐economic background.
Method
Data were collected on 2488 Canadian children (age range 10–11y) in 1994 and 1995 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children an...
Purpose:
Studies have found that an early school start time is detrimental to the sleep, health, and well-being of youth, but its association with body weight remains unclear. We examined this association in Canadian adolescents.
Methods:
We collected information on start times from 362 schools that participated in the 2013/2014 Canadian Health...
This study applied UNICEF’s Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA) framework to adolescents (aged 11, 13 and 15) in 37 European countries and Canada using data from the 2013/14 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. It is one of the first applications of MODA based entirely on data collected from adolescents themselves rather th...
Caring for a child with a neurodisability (ND) impacts the financial decisions, relationships, and well-being of family members. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we tracked families from 5 years before child with ND birth until the child reached 20 years of age and used latent growth curve modeling to estimate different trajectories...
Purpose
Subjective well-being (SWB) in youths positively relates to family income, however its association with income during childhood is unclear. Using longitudinal data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 2234 adolescents, age 12–19 years), we examined whether the timing and duration of low family income in childhood was associated w...
Sensitivity analyses of the direct effect estimates of family income quintile by childhood period on subjective well-being at adolescence, using marginal structural modeling.
Estimates from a marginal structural model using stabilized weights to account for time-invariant and time-varying covariates (sex, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, educat...
Sensitivity analyses of the effect estimates of the number of years spent in the two poorest family income quintiles on subjective well-being at adolescence.
Estimates from linear regression models, adjusted for time-invariant covariates (sex, age, race/ethnicity of primary caregiver, birth year of child) and time-varying covariates (marital status...
Diagram of the relationship between family income quintile and confounders over time.
C represents time-invariant covariates, including age, sex and race/ethnicity of the primary caregiver, and birth year of the child. HIQ1, HIQ2, HIQ3, HIQ4, HIQ5, represent the family income quintile at childhood period 1 (early childhood), period 2 (pre-school ye...
Items on the subjective well-being scale in the CDS-II and CDS-III.
(DOCX)
Characteristics of CDS participants measured at adolescence by missing data status.
(DOCX)