Gemeda Abebe

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Verified

Gemeda verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Jimma University

Background The diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is confounded by mimicking cytomorphologic disorders. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementing FNA cytology with bacteriological methods improves the overall accuracy of TBLN diagnosis. Methods...

Background Early and accurate diagnosis of drug resistance, including resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, is crucial for the effective control and management of pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The Xpert MTB/XDR assay is the WHO recommended method for detecting resistance...

Background Early and accurate diagnosis of drug resistance, including resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, is crucial for the effective control and management of pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The Xpert MTB/XDR assay is the WHO recommended method for detecting resistance...

Background Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common complication in sepsis patients which exacerbates patient outcomes. The prevalence and outcomes of DIC in sepsis is wide-ranging and highly depends on the severity of the disease and diagnostic approaches utilized. Varied diagnostic criteria of DIC have been developed and their per...

Background Bacteremia is prevalent in neonates, largely attributed to factors inherent in the neonatal period. However, the prevalence of proven bacteremia in Ethiopian neonates has not been previously synthesized. Accordingly, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the prevalence of bacteremia and pathogen profiles in neonates h...

Background Klebsiella bacterial strains harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are the primary culprits behind neonatal sepsis globally. These strains significantly impact clinical outcomes due to their multi-drug resistance patterns in local healthcare settings. In response to this spiraling threat, we studied the prevalence and...

Despite infection and sepsis being a major public health challenge, early detection and timely management are often hindered by several factors. These includes the similarity of clinical presentations between infectious and non-infectious conditisons, as well as limitations of current diagnostic methods such as lengthy turnaround times and low sens...

Background Treatment of rifampicin-resistant or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) requires the use of second-line anti-TB drugs, which are less effective and more toxic. This study assessed treatment outcomes and factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among RR/MDR-TB patients in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A m...

Background Smear-positive TB patients greatly contribute to community-level transmission of this disease. Locating hotspots would make it easier to prioritize and target control interventions. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of smear-positive index TB cases and their secondary cases and the predictors of clustering of smear-posi...

Background Epidemiological profiles and the rundown crisis of antimicrobial resistance from bacterial isolates in neonatal sepsis compel regular surveillance to enhance data-driven decision-making. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the phenotypic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from clinically suspected...

Background Tuberculosis (TB) and intestinal helminths are diseases that pose a dual burden on public health in low-income countries. Previous studies have shown that helminths can affect the shedding of bacteria or the bacterial load in the sputum of active TB patients. However, there is limited information on bacterial load in TB patients with hel...

This study aimed to retrospectively assess the cost-effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Ethiopia. It involved healthcare workers (HCWs) and community participants; and was conducted through interviews and serological tests. Local SARS-CoV-2 variants and seroprevalence rates, as well as national COVID-19 reports and vaccinati...

Antibiotics are designed to effectively treat bacterial infections while minimizing harm to the human body. They work by targeting specific components of bacteria or by disrupting essential processes such as cell wall synthesis, membrane function, protein production, and metabolic pathways. However, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to...

Background Smear positive TB cases greatly contribute to community level transmission of the disease. Locating hotspots would make it easier to prioritize and target control interventions. This study is aimed at assessing the spatial distribution of smear positive index TB cases and their secondary cases and the predictors of clustering of smear po...

Background Household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients are at a greater risk of infection and developing TB as well. Despite recommendations to actively screen such high-risk groups for TB, it is poorly implemented in Ethiopia. A community-based household contact screening was conducted to compare the yield of two different screening approache...

Background Neonatal sepsis made the neonatal period the most perilous time for child survival, and it continued to cause preventable mortalities worldwide. These mortalities stem from the interaction of several factors that have not been sufficiently studied and, in some cases, remain overlooked. Thus, the study aims to investigate the predictors o...

In patients with presumptive tuberculosis (TB) in whom the diagnosis of TB was excluded, understanding the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is important for optimal patient management. A secondary analysis was performed on a cohort of 250 hospitalized patients with symptoms of TB. Bacterial DNA was extracted from spu...

Objective Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing is important to develop evidence-based algorithms for case management. We aimed to assess the prevalence of PZA-resistance and its impact on treatment outcomes in previously treated tuberculosis (TB) cases in southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) of...

Background Due to abundant pathogen diversity and mounting antimicrobial resistance, sepsis is more common in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). However, there is a lack of consistent reports regarding the prevalence of adult sepsis in the region. Therefore, this study aimed to determine pooled estimates of sepsis prevalence and associated mortality among a...

Background Accurate drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is essential for proper patient management. We investigated discordance between genotypic (Xpert MTB/RIF and MTBDRplus) and phenotypic (MGIT 960) methods for the detection of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistant MTB and its correlation with patient t...

Abstract Background Rapid detection of resistance to key drugs such as fluoroquinolones (FQ) and bedaquiline (BDQ) is essential for appropriate management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). . Molecular tests available require either infrastructures not available in peripheral laboratories in low resource countries, or do not detect resi...

Background: Understanding the transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) could benefit the design of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control strategies for refugee populations. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) has not yet been used to document the Mtb transmission dynamics among refugees in Ethiopia. We applied WGS to accurately identi...

Background Neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates across all regions, including Africa. Compared to developed and some developing countries, there are relatively few epidemiological trends for neonatal sepsis and associated patterns with COVID-19 in Ethiopia. We modeled an epidemiological trend and pattern to...

Background: For presumptive Tuberculosis (TB) case referral to be effective, most of the referred cases need to present themselves to health facilities for assessment and testing. Otherwise, cases of TB could be missed, and these cases are at an increased risk of delayed diagnosis, complications and death. Further, their care incurs significantly...

Background Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging mainly due to the difficulty of obtaining respiratory specimen and lack of sensitive diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert here after) for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB) from stool specimen in children...

Background Majority of people in Ethiopia heavily rely on traditional medicinal plants to treat a number of diseases including tuberculosis (TB). However, there has been lack of comprehensive evidences on taxonomic distribution of medicinal plant species, methods of preparation of remedies from these plants and how the remedies are administered. Th...

Background Ethiopia is one of the high burden countries for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB); however, the prompt diagnosis of EPTB remains challenging. This study is aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and DetermineTM TB-LAM Ag (TB-LAM) for the prompt diagnosis of EPTB in Ethiopia. Methods A total of 147 presumptive EP...

Background Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and detection of drug resistance are very important for timely and appropriate management of patients. Xpert MTB/RIF assay is approved for use in TB and rifampicin-resistance diagnosis. However, data are limited on the impact of Xpert MTB/RIF assay under routine clinical settings with a heterogeneous...

The value of Lateral Flow urine Lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay and the role of empiric tuberculosis (TB) treatment in the era of the highly sensitive Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) assay is unclear. This study aimed to assess the additional yield of LF-LAM assay when used in combination with Xpert Ultra, and the role of empiric TB treatment wh...

Background Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that are essential for the transport of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fat-soluble vitamins. The linkage between chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus and HIV infection increases the complication of the diseases and worsens the clinical outcome of the patients. Purpose To assess and c...

RESEARCH Background. Tuberculous pleuritis (TBP) is a common extrapulmonary tuberculosis that contributes to the tuberculosis burden. Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a promising method for rapid diagnosis of TBP. The diagnostic value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in pleural tissue obtained via closed pleural biopsy among sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-negati...

Introduction: The value of Lateral Flow urine Lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay and the role of empiric tuberculosis (TB) treatment in the era of the highly sensitive Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) assay is unclear. This study aimed to assess the additional yield of Xpert Ultra compared to Xpert MTB/RIF, the yield of LF-LAM assay when used in com...

Background: Tuberculous pleuritis (TBP) is a common extrapulmonary tuberculosis that contributes to the tuberculosis burden. Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a promising method for rapid diagnosis of TBP. The diagnostic value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in pleural tissue obtained via closed pleural biopsy among sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-negative perso...

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia. Determining discharge outcome of TB cases helps to understand the effectiveness of TB diagnosis effort to improve case management. The objective of this study was to assess discharge outcomes and factors associated with death among patients on TB treatment admitted...

Introduction The role of a chest X-ray (CXR) to diagnose active tuberculosis (TB) in symptomatic patients who have a negative Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) test result is unclear. This study aimed to assess the performance of CXR and the value of CXR findings for a prediction tool to identify cases of active pulmonary TB among symptomatic, Xpert-negative h...

Background: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) research. Countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden face important challenges to integrate WGS into surveillance and research. Methods: We assessed the global status of Mtb WGS and developed a 3-week training course coupled with long-term m...

Background: Despite its low sensitivity, microscopy remains the main method for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in most laboratories in Ethiopia. Few studies have evaluated the performance of light-emitting diode fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) in bleach-concentrated smear-negative sputum specimens. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate...

Objectives The ability of clinical algorithms to identify tuberculosis disease and the impact of empiric treatment on survival in people with a negative Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) result remains poorly documented. Methods Hospitalized Xpert-negative patients (125 initiated on empiric tuberculosis treatment based on a clinical algorithm and 125 in whom...

Background The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is often made on clinical suspicion alone, and many people receive the wrong diagnosis leading to unnecessary TB treatment or poor outcomes from untreated EPTB. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay on routinely collected extra-pulmonary specimens i...

Background Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, especially the Xpert MTB/Rif test, have reduced the time to diagnose rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). However, with this test only rifampicin resistance is diagnosed, leading to presumptive diagnosis of resistance to isoniazid and maybe other drugs. In addition, culture on monthly sputu...

Background: Monitoring the outcome of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and investigating factors associated with unsuccessful outcome are essential, as unsuccessful treatment fuels resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcome and associated factors with an unsuccessful outcome at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC)...

Objective Dyslipidemia is abnormal amount of lipid in blood. Hormonal contraceptives affect lipid metabolism and can enhance the risk of vascular disease like atherosclerosis. In Harar, among contraceptive users, biochemical changes follow up is almost none and magnitude of dyslipidemia is not known. Therefore this study is designed to determine p...

Objectives The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is often made on clinical suspicion alone, resulting in both under- and over diagnosis and relatively poor outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of the Xpert MTB/RIF on routinely collected extra-pulmonary specimens in Ethiopia. Methods This study was carried out at...

Background Meningitis remains a top cause of premature death and loss of disability-adjusted life years in low-income countries. In resource-limited settings, proper laboratory diagnostics are often scarce and knowledge about national and local epidemiology is limited. Misdiagnosis, incorrect treatment and overuse of antibiotics are potential conse...

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of public health challenges among immigrant refugees and their surrounding communities in developing countries. Evaluating the treatment outcome of TB patients is one of the key indicators to understand the performance of TB control program. Hence, this study aims to assess profile, treatment outcome...

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of public health challenges among immigrant refugees and their surrounding communities in developing countries. Evaluating the treatment outcome of TB patients is one of the key indicators to understand the performance of TB control program. Hence, this study aims to assess profile, treatment outcome...

Letter of ethical approval from two institutions. (PDF)

Data extraction template for factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients among refugees and their surrounding communities in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia project, 2017. (DOCX)

Background To understand the population dynamics and propose more effective preventive strategies, defining the population structure of the circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is important. Methods A total of 177 M. tuberculosis complex isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases in southwest Ethiopia were genotyped by spoligotyping...

Background Knowledge of drug-sensitivity patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains isolated from patients is an important aspect of TB control strategy. This study was conducted to evaluate the drug sensitivity of MTBC isolates in South Omo, southern Ethiopia. Materials and methods A total of 161 MTBC isolates (153 from new cas...

Background The introduction of a new and rapid molecular diagnostic for tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance (RIF) in the national TB program has improved the diagnosis of TB by shortening the turnaround time and detecting the presence of RIF resistance in high TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) settings such as Ethiopia. However, the...

T uberculosis(TB) is one of the biggest health challenges of the world. TB lymphadenopathy (TBL) is an important site of involvement by extrapulmonary TB. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cost effective and quick method for diagnosis of such lesions. Although FNAC can offer a definite cytologic diagnosis of TBL in smears with caseaous as...

Background Ethiopian universities are facilities where students live in relative overcrowding condition. This might favor the chance of tuberculosis transmission among students. This study was done to determine the magnitude and associated factors of tuberculosis among Jimma University students. Methods A cross-sectional study was done from Februa...

Objective: To determine trends in the prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible infectious pathogens among blood donors in the southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing records of all blood donors at Jimma zone blood bank center from 2010 to 2015. Data were analyzed in an undisclosed way with respect to the r...

Objective/background: Accurate and rapid detection of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB) is critical for early initiation of treatment and for limiting the transmission of drug-resistant TB. Here, we investigated the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of rifampicin (RIF) resistance, and whether this detection predicts the presence of...

Objective/background: The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) was endorsed as the initial diagnostic tool in people suspected of human immunodeficiency virus-associated or drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). However, information regarding the performance of Xpert for diagnosing smear-negative TB in high burden settings remains limited. We evaluated the d...

Background: Antituberculosis drugs cause hepatotoxicity in some individuals leading to acute liver failure, which results in death. Such phenomena limit the clinical use of drugs, contributing to treatment failure that possibly causes drug resistance. Furthermore, associated risk factors for the development of antituberculosis-drug-induced hepatoto...

Objective/background: The nature and frequency of mutations in rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates vary considerably according to geographic locations. However, information regarding specific mutational patterns in Ethiopia remains limited. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was carried out a...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance is a Global threat. The impact of Multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is dangerous especially in resource limited countries like Ethiopia because of its financial and skilled human power required for diagnosis and management. This implies the need for identifying the risk factors MDR-TB and preve...

Background: Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen dramatically over the past two decades and is expected to keep rising for the next 20 years. If uncontrolled it may lead to complications to the patients that could be prevented or delayed. The disease could be diagnosed and monitored by blood glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1) testing....

Background: The nature and frequency of mutations in rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistance M. tuberculosis isolates vary considerably according to the geographic locations. However, information regarding specific mutational patterns in Ethiopia remains limited.

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) patients who do not complete treatment pose a potential public health risk through disease reactivation, increased transmission, and development of drug-resistance.This study is aimed at analyzing the time to loss to followup treatment and risk factors among TB patients. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study b...

Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis using fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple and safe but low-specificity method, whereas conventional smear microscopy has variable sensitivity due to low bacterial load. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of fluorescent light-emitting diode (LED) microscopy on routinely collected fine-needle aspira...

Background: In this study, we hypothesized that TB co-infection independently increases the risk of poor treatment outcomes in such patients even if they are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating this hypothesis among cohort of adult PLWHs in South West Ethiopia. Methodology: Cohort study comparing the im...

Introduction: The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) remains challenging. The routinely used methods (cytology and smear microscopy) have sub-optimal sensitivity. Recently, WHO recommends GeneXpert to be used as the initial diagnostic test in patients suspected of having extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, this was a conditiona...

Objective The study aim was to determine risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) caused by multi drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods In a 6 months case control study in 2013-14, sputum samples and standardized questionnaire data (demographics, treatment, TB contact history, underlying disease, history...

Background: Information on the pattern of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) among re-treatment cases is crucial to develop appropriate control strategies. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates and associated factors among re-treatment cases in Jimma area, Southwest Ethiopi...

Background: Information on the pattern of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) among re-treatment cases is crucial to develop appropriate control strategies. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates and associated factors among re-treatment cases in Jimma area, Southwest Ethiopi...

Millions of people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in hospitals. Contaminated equipment and hospital environments are known sources of infection. Mobile phones are used in hospitals without restrictions, regardless of their unknown microbial load. This study aimed to determine the level of bacterial contamination of mobile phones o...

Millions of people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in hospitals. Contaminated equipment and hospital environments are known sources of infection. Mobile phones are used in hospitals without restrictions, regardless of their unknown microbial load. This study aimed to determine the level of bacterial contamination of mobile phones o...

Background: Helicobacter pylori, a lifelong and typically asymptomatic infection of the stomach, strongly alter gastric immune responses. The present study aimed to survey the prevalence and related risks of H. pylori infection among tuberculosis (TB) patients at hospitals in Jimma City, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Comparative cross sectional stu...

Background Unsafe working practices, working environments, disposable waste products, and chemicals in clinical laboratories contribute to infectious and non-infectious hazards. Staffs, the community, and patients are less safe. Furthermore, such practices compromise the quality of laboratory services. We conducted a study to describe safety practi...