Geertruida Adriana Rood

PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency · Sustainable Development

Het streven naar een circulaire economie staat nationaal en internationaal hoog op de agenda. Een circulaire economie is gericht op het optimaal inzetten en hergebruiken van grondstoffen en producten. Voor ons voedselsysteem betekent dit dat we de blik moeten richten op het gebruik van hulpbronnen, het tegengaan van voedselverspilling en het gebrui...

Dutch trade has become ever more sustainable, over the last years. A number of imported natural resources and products, such as coffee, timber, palm oil, cacao, fish and soya, more and more often carry a sustainability label. The sustainable market share was able to soar, also because of the efforts by social organisations, consumers and the busine...

Western diets are characterised by a high intake of meat, dairy products and eggs, causing an intake of saturated fat and red meat in quantities that exceed dietary recommendations. The associated livestock production requires large areas of land and lead to high nitrogen and greenhouse gas emission levels. Although several studies have examined th...

In dit rapport analyseert het PBL de effecten van de landbouw op de leefomgeving, evenals, in bredere zin, de voortgang van de verduurzaming van het voedselsysteem. We evalueren bovendien de effectiviteit van het Nederlandse overheidsbeleid als het erom gaat die effecten te verminderen. We beschrijven de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen op dit gebied i...

De hoeveelheid land die nodig is voor de Nederlandse consumptie bedraagt ongeveer drie keer het landoppervlak van Nederland. Van het land dat in gebruik is voor deze Nederlandse voetafdruk ligt een kleine 15 procent in Nederland zelf. De helft van het totaal ligt in andere OESO-landen, een kwart in de transitielanden (Brazilië, Rusland, India, Indo...

Increased public and institutional awareness of both the benefi ts and threats of nitrogen has the potential to greatly increase the effi cacy • of nitrogen policy. Insuffi cient recognition of the fi nancial, behavioural and cultural barriers to achieving an optimal nitrogen future risks policy antago- • nisms and failure. Here we examine some of...

In het rapport 'The protein puzzle. The consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union' brengen onderzoekers van het Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL) in kaart wat de gevolgen van de productie en consumptie van dierlijke eiwitten zijn voor milieu, natuur en gezondheid. Vervolgens schetst het PBL welke opties er in Euro...

(12,13-13C2)Retinal, (13,14-13C2)retinal, (19-13C)retinal and (20-13C)retinal (1) were prepared in a simple fashion in high yield via a consecutive strategy. The key step is the reaction of a N-methoxy-N-methylamide with an alkyllithium or a Grignard reagent. The preparation of the required N-methoxy-N-methylamide is discussed. In this scheme, only...

De Nederlandse veehouderij is de afgelopen tien jaar duurzamer geworden. Het tempo van deze ontwikkeling is echter traag. De vooruitgang is grotendeels het gevolg van Europese en nationale regels. Veranderende vraag uit de markt droeg ook bescheiden bij. In 2001 presenteerde de commissie-Wijffels het rapport Toekomst voor de veehouderij. Deze commi...

This study assesses the socioeconomic and biodiversity impacts associated with the production of selected agro-commodities in their production countries and areas. Selected agro-commodities are soy (in Argentina and Brazil), palm oil (in Indonesia and Malaysia), beef (in Argentina and Brazil), and coffee (in Honduras and Vietnam). In each of the co...

Poverty, climate change and loss of biodiversity are among the key issues in relation to global sustainable development. The Netherlands is tightly embedded in a global network of economic relations as well as environmental effects: domestic consumption and production patterns affect environmental pressure not only within the country, but also abro...

M. van Oorschot et al. Effects of land-use and environmental pressures on global biodiversity as a result of Dutch consumption Effects of land-use and environmental pressures on global biodiversity as a result of Dutch consumption Abstract The goal of this study was to show the ecological consequences of Dutch consumption outside the national borde...

Within this study, an improved indicator was developed to assess the ecological footprint of the inhabitants of a country, more specifically, the Netherlands. Here, models for production and consumption, on the one hand, and biodiversity, on the other, were linked. In addition, an operational model was developed and calculations of consumption and...

A model structure for constructing consumption scenarios and determining the related energy requirement of the inhabitants of the Netherlands has recently been developed at the RIVM. Consumption is considered in the model structure to be influenced by economic growth, demographic changes, sociocultural developments, technological enhancement and po...

The evaluation of a transition process in our society includes many technical, ecological, social and institutional aspects. It describes, what is done in the present to reach a specific goal in the future, decades from now. There are lots of visions on these transition processes. However, a practical hand-out for an evaluation is missing. In this...

This paper reviews the activities concerning leaching of organic contaminants from soils and waste at five European research institutes. At present there is very little knowledge of the leaching mechanism and factors affecting the mobility of organic contaminants in contaminated soils and waste. Special test arrangements are often required especial...

The losses of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides during the leaching tests due to adsorption, filtration, volatilization and light were evaluated in this study. The adsorption of PCBs and pesticides on filters made of regenerated cellulose, fibreglass, Teflon, polyamide and glasswool, a tubing of Teflon, a glass bottle and various filtration appara...

This report supports the General Administrative Order on Building Materials (Soil- and Surface Waters Protection). The report supplies information on: - The quantification of the standard values for the application of building materials. - The environmental quality (characterization) of building materials. - The consequences for use and re-use of b...

The Standard Leaching Test (SLT) is drafted in order to make an estimate of the metal emission from metal contaminated waste-materials. A modification of SLT is developed and tested for research of the leaching behaviour of hydrophobic organic compounds. It encompasses the leaching procedure, treatment and enrichment of the percolate fractions. A c...

Reaction of 1-(5-uracilylmethylene)pyridinium salts with thiols leads to the formation of the corresponding thymine derivatives. This transformation of a uracil derivative to the corresponding thymine is explained on the basis of the formation of an exocyclicmethylene intermediate, analogous to that proposed in the thymidylate synthase reaction, fo...

The Fourth National Environmental Policy Plan (NMP4) outlines the Dutch government's strategy to tackle persistent environmental problems like increasing CO2 emissions in the long term. The government aims to support transitions as a process of structural change in society with transition management. Actors, like government, industry, non-governmen...

Major issues in the Dutch fourth National Environmental Policy Plan are sustainability and quality of life. The energy requirement for consumption tripled between 1948 and 1996. In this period no significant trends towards a lower energy intensity were found and there is no indication of dematerialisation of consumption patterns. Between 1995 and 2...

Environmental pressure has been approached by many experts as being a result of population, prosperity and technological efficiency. A research project has been set up to develop a model structure for constructing consumption scenarios and determining the energy requirement of the inhabitants of the Netherlands for these scenarios. In the model, co...

The current investigation represented an initial survey on the presence of organic contaminants in Bio-waste compost (garden, fruit and vegetable wast). This report provides an indicative comparison between the pollution levels in compost and the target value for soil (H=20%). Partly based on this research, however, standards for organic contaminan...

Within the framework of the Terms of Reference Plan for normalization commission 390011 on materials', the RIVM has developed a set of leaching tests for various organic compounds. In this study the emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of several materials were determined using the draft column and serial batch test for PAH. On the ba...

To support the General Administrative Order on Construction Materials (Soil and Surface Waters Protection) this document supplies information on: 1) the quantification of the standard values for the application of construction materials ; 2) the environmental quality (characterization) of construction materials ; ; 3) the consequenses for use and r...

Within the framework of the Terms of Reference Plan for normalization commission 390 11 on 'Leaching characteristics of building and waste materials', a set of leaching tests for various organic compounds has to be developed. This document contains results of investigations performed for the development of leaching tests for mineral oil (the defini...

Within the framework of the Terms of Reference Plan for the normalization commission 39011 on 'Leaching characteristics of building and waste materials', a set of leaching tests has been developed for various organic compounds during the period 1991-1995. The results of these investigations are reported in RIVM-report 771402019, sub-reports 1, 2 an...