Gaurav Kumar

Galgotias University · School of Basic and Applied Sciences

The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00757.].

Degenerative nerve diseases are age-related, progressive and cause irreversible neurological loss that may lead to death. Chronic diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease are associated with insoluble protein depositions and pose serious health challenges that may intensify in t...

Background Cerebral stroke is one of the leading disease-causing death and disability in a large number of patients globally. Brain damage in ischemic stroke is led by a complex cascade of events. The Rho-associated kinase-2 (ROCK2) has a significant role in cerebral vasospasm, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. It is activated in cerebral isch...

In order to investigate the structure-activity relationship of complexes, three new copper(II) complexes with (Z)-Ń-{(2-hydroxynapthalen-1-yl}methylene)acetohydrazide (HL), [(HL)Cu(µ-ClO4)Cu(L)(H2O)2] 1, [(HL)Cu(µ-SO4)Cu(HL)(H2O)2] 2 and [(HL)Cu(µ-bpm)Cu(HL)](ClO4)2.3H2O 3(where bmp = 2,2-Bipyrimidine) were synthesized.These synthesized complexes w...

Peptides are strings of approximately 2–50 amino acids, which have gained huge attention for theranostic applications in cancer research due to their various advantages including better biosafety, customizability, convenient process of synthesis, targeting ability via recognizing biological receptors on cancer cells, and better ability to penetrate...

The present studies were designed to synthesize the three disulfide derivatives bearing S-S bond formation, their characterization and explore the antibacterial activity using in silico analysis. They were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-(2-(2-aminophenyl) disulfanyl) benzeneamine with 3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde; 5-bromo-2-...

Introduction: The gut microbiota and central nervous system (CNS) interact in a bidirectional manner. In response to physical and psychological stressors affecting secretion, motility and immune reactivity, the CNS modulates gut functioning. However, alterations in gut microbiota may cause neurochemical and behavioural changes. Cerebral stroke gene...

A novel ciprofloxacin-loaded collagen–chitosan scaffold was developed for the treatment of wound using freeze drying method. The average pore size and porosity of developed scaffold was found to be around 125 µm and 91 ± 0.56%. Moreover, swelling, degradation and mechanical tests profile supported the suitability of scaffold for wound healing proce...

Hypoxia and sepsis are the key concerns towards modern regenerative medicine. Oxygen generating biomaterials having antibacterial property aim to answer these concerns. Hypoxia and Sepsis promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at the implant site that delays wound healing. Therefore, scaffolds with antibacterial property and oxygen-produc...

Ancient knowledge and mythological studies have shown a tri-unity in the human body which comprises three integrated parts i.e. body, mind, and soul. Although the previous work supports the action of the body takes place in association with mind and soul, inter and intra-interaction/working principle are not well understood. In the present work, an...

Three novel pyrimidine based bis-uracil derivatives 1–3 were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde with 6-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,-4(1H, 3H)-dione; 6-amino-1, 3-diethylpyrimidine-2,-4(1H, 3H)-dione, and 6-amino-1,-ethyl-3-methylpyrimidine-2,-4(1H, 3H)-dione, respectively and structurally characterized. The preli...

Background Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for various applications in biomedical sciences including in drug delivery, and as therapeutic agents, but limited owing to their toxicity towards the healthy tissue. This warrants an alternative method, which can achieve the desired activity with much reduced or no toxicity. Being a biolog...

In the present paper we describe synthesis and molecular docking simulation of substituted phenothiazines. Halonitrobenzenes on reaction with thiols give 2-amino-2′-nitrodiphenylsulphides which on formylation with 90% formic acid yield 2-formamido-2′-nitrodiphenyl sulfides. This compound undergoes Smiles rearrangement to provide phenothiazines. To...

Amyloids are a group of proteins that are capable of forming aggregated amyloid fibrils, which is responsible for many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In our previous study, synthesis and characterization of star‐shaped poly(D,L‐lactide)‐b‐gelatin (ss‐pLG) have been reported. In the present work, we have extended our...

The present study is designed to determine the nitrate in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampi, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Charles Foster albino rats with global ischemia. The global cerebral ischemia is performed by occluding both common carotid arteries for 1 h followed by reperfusion of 1 h. The level of nitrate is determined after 1 h of re...

Primary Objective: Limited available therapeutics for ischemic stroke necessitate dire need of designing novel strategies for combating ischemic pathophysiological cascade among which neuroprotective strategies emerge as positive approaches. The neuropeptide prolactin is a pleiotropic hormone that affects various physiological conditions and report...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the life-threatening neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly (>60 years) and incurable across the globe to date. AD is caused by the involvement of various genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors that affect neuronal cells to degenerate over the period of time. The oxidative stress is engaged in the pathog...

A human system is a tri-unity with soul, mind and body comprises with various integrated organ system. Soul and mind are the main source of energy that control the physiological and spiritual processes of the human body in which the brain is regarded as microprocessor and worked together with mind. The soul is considered as super-controller and uni...

Objectives: Withanolide A (WA), a major constituent phytochemical of the Ayurvedic herb Withania somnifera reportedly combats neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. But no study has yet reported the ability of WA in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The present study analyses the brain penetration ability of WA afte...

Earlier, we had reported the synthesis and characterization of star-shaped poly(D,L-Lactide)-b-gelatin (ss-pLG) to improve cell adhesion and proliferation but the stability of ss-pLG scaffolds remained a persistent issue. Here we show increase in the stability of ss-pLG using 3- glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a covalent cross-linker (h...

The ischemic cascade is initiated in the hypoperfused region of the brain that leads to neuronal cell death. Identification of multi-target inhibitor against prominent molecular mediators of ischemic cascade might be a suitable strategy to combat cerebral ischemic stroke. The present study is designed to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of chl...

Objective: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Nowadays, electrical impedance spectroscopy is an emerging tool to differentiate between normal and stroke conditions. Approach: In this study, the changes in the bio-impedance spectroscopy using two electrodes method with the varying frequencies from 100 - 35k Hz has...

Interest in the clinical utilization of the magnetic field is increasing globally. Various articles have suggested the use of magnetic fields to initiate neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative effects on different biological systems that are of critical importance for the treatment of various injuries. Electromagnetic therapy provides a secure meth...

Stroke being the second largest reason for worldwide mortality requires specific neuroprotective approaches to combat the pathophysiological outcomes. Use of synthetic neuroprotectants has not proved fruitful in clinical trials. In such scenario, scientific research has been focused on various phytochemicals which turn out to be attractive neuropro...

Mitochondria supply energy to cells by generating ATP; thus it can be considered as one of the essential organelles of the cell. For the efficient working of cells, a good quality of mitochondria is essential; thus the elimination of injured or nonfunctional mitochondria by means of mitophagy is a very important process for cell function. Mitophagy...

Stroke is still a leading cause of death and physical disability among adults. For stroke patients, there is a need for improved and effective therapy. Tissue plasminogen activator is a single FDA-approved drug available for treatment with short window of opportunity (it must be applied within 4.5 h of symptom onset). Over the years, several clinic...

Soul is an eternal, noble and everlasting presence of energy in human body, represents best creation of nature. The combination of five dhatus (Air, Water, Earth, Agni, Akasha) with Soul is called ‘Shad Dhatu’ purusha. When the Soul leaves the body, all biological and physiological activities are not functional and body declared as dead body. The s...

Cerebrovasc Dis 2018;46:1–49 https://doi.org/10.1159/000493155

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation act as the key players of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal degeneration resulting in hindrance of normal ongoing biological processes in the case of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several studies have shown that on MPTP administration, different behavioural parameters have suggested motor impairment and damage of antioxi...

1. The present study is designed to investigate the brain distribution and plasma pharmacokinetics profiles of chlorogenic acid (CGA) after intranasal administration in Charles–Foster rats to evaluate whether the CGA molecules are transported directly via the nose-to-brain path. 2. The CGA is administered intravenously (IV) and intranasally (IN) at...

Hybrid derivatives are a fascinating and challenging process in the area of drug discovery. Naphthalimide derivatives with modified norfloxacin moiety were designed and synthesized. Docking simulations were done to assess the interactions of the derivatives with the E. coli type II topoisomerases Gyrase B and ParE ATP-binding pocket by taking novob...

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) reverses DNA damage by repairing DNA nicks and breaks in the normal cellular environment. However, during abnormal conditions like stroke and other neurological disorders, overactivation of PARP-1 leads to neuronal cell death via a caspase-independent programmed cell death pathway. Strategies involving inhibi...

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important intracellular signaling molecule, generated by catalysis from nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). In the face of NO playing beneficial roles, its overproduction by the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is detrimental in neurological disorders, whereas that derived from the e...

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression is elevated in neurological diseases, and its up-regulation may exert to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Therefore, inhibition of MMP-9 can be of neuroprotective approach. Objective: The present in silico study carried out to explore the possible neuroprotective potential o...

A stroke or cerebrovascular accident is a serious, life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is severely reduced or cut off, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Studies suggested that level of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) usually increases in the brain after stroke. The elevated activity...

Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) consist of three closely related isoforms that produce nitric oxide (NO) a free radical. The overproduction of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is related with a number of neurodegenerative disorders; therefore, selective inhibition of nNOS over eNOS and iNOS is a desirable therapeutic goal. A number of sele...

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediated excitotoxicity has been implicated in multi-neurodegenerative diseases. Due to lack of efficacy and adverse effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, search for herbal remedies that may act as therapeutic agents is an active area of research to combat these diseases. Withania somnifera (WS) is being used...

Rapid diagnosis, need of early prediction and control of diseases shifted the biomedical interest towards Artificial Intelligence (AI). This prominently fosters the collaborative interactions of machine learning in biomedical engineering. AI aims at mining relevant information directly from the derivative physiological data, leads to better perform...

Microgravity and radiations are the most critical health risk factors affecting the performance of astronauts during their long-duration space exploration missions. Microgravity gradually damages the immune system which slows down the body's ability to protect itself and increased radiation level causes severe mutations resulting in tumors. In this...

Rutin has potential protective effects on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress on BMG-1 cerebral glioma cell. The study was carried out to investigate the neuroprotective effects of rutin againstBMG-1 cerebral glioma cell in vitro. In vitro cytotoxicity assay, Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptosis, Determination of Oxidative Stress Ind...

Objective: Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) has potential protective effects on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress on cerebral glioma cell (BMG-1).The study was carried out to investigate the neuro-protective effects of BHA againstBMG-1 cerebral glioma cell in vitro. Methods:In vitro cytotoxicity assay, Oxidative Stress Mediated Apop...

The electrochemical gas sensor sensitive to the ammonia present in the human breath can be used as biomarker. A portable breath analysis system has been designed using electrochemical sensor with breath sampling facility. To evaluate the system performance, sensor was calibrated and a standard graph has been obtained by plotting ammonia gas concent...

Various parameters like pH, temperature, substrate concentration, incubation period and yeast extract concentration have been used in estimating the enzyme production by Aspergillus terreus. Incubation period was optimized on 8th day of fungal inoculation at 6.0 pH, 400C temperature and 2% wheat bran was used as substrate for optimum production of...

This paper deals with the evaluation of sensitivity of commercially available electrochemical ammonia sensor toward breath ammonia exhaled by renal disease patients and healthy subject. We have collected the breath of 5 healthy subjects and measured the ammonia gas concentration. The sensor output voltage was converted into ppm by putting the value...