Gaud Dervilly-Pinel

École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique | Oniris · LABERCA - Laboratory of Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis / UMR INRA 1329

The massive usage of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as their high chemical stability, have led to their ubiquitous presence in environmental matrices and direct human exposure through contaminated food, particularly fish. In the analysis of this large group of substances, the use of ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry is...

Les denrées alimentaires peuvent être le vecteur de dangers de différentes natures induisant des effets néfastes sur la santé du consommateur. Les virus sont les premières causes de maladies infectieuses d’origine alimentaire alors que les bactéries pathogènes et les toxines bactériennes demeurent les premiers agents de maladies zoonotiques en Euro...

This chapter describes the main stages and players in the analysis of chemical risks in food. It outlines three emblematic case studies of the problem of chemical contaminants in food, from the most historic such as dioxins to the most (re‐)emerging such as perfluorinated compounds or chlorinated paraffin. The chapter details current research aimed...

Steroids play key roles in various biological processes and are characterized by many isomeric variants, which makes their unambiguous identification challenging. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has been proposed as a suitable platform for this application, particularly using collision cross section (CCS) databases obtained from different co...

An Ultra-High Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry analytical method (UHPSFC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 34 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in food-related matrices. Two parameters (i.e. stationary phase and co-solvent) were selected and optimized using a step-by-step method, w...

This work evaluates the potential of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to improve the analytical performance of current liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflows applied to the determination of ergot alkaloids (EAs) in cereal samples. Collision cross section (CCS) values for EA epimers are reported for the first time to contribute to...

There has been a recent revival of interest in some historical contaminants such as polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). However, occurrence data are still lacking in some countries although industrial production of PCNs has been reported. This observation led to the first ever assessment of their presence in fish and seafood products in France in...

The major benefits of integrating ion mobility (IM) into LC–MS methods for small molecules are the additional separation dimension and especially the use of IM-derived collision cross sections ( CCS ) as an additional ion-specific identification parameter. Several large CCS databases are now available, but outliers in experimental interplatform IM-...

Steroids play key roles in various biological processes and are characterized by many isomeric variants which makes their unambiguous identification challenging. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has been proposed as a suitable platform for this application, particularly using collision cross section (CCS) databases obtained from differ-ent co...

Despite their ban, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are considered as the most important threat for equine doping purposes. In the context of controlling such practices in horse racing, metabolomics has emerged as a promising alternative strategy to study the effect of a substance on metabolism and to discover new relevant biomarkers of effect. B...

This reference describes recent advances and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of food science. The first two chapters are devoted to the fundamentals of capillary electrophoresis, and to the main sample preparation techniques used for food analysis using this miniaturized separation technique, respectively. These two introduct...

There is growing interest in ion mobility spectrometry in the field of food analysis as a consequence of its hyphenation with mass spectrometry and increased commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry instruments. In this regard, ion mobility spectrometry brings several advantages to traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry work...

Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) was explored for the rapid analysis of a range of tissues (liver, meat, kidney) from treated livestock. In this context, the combination of REIMS with untargeted metabolomics workflow was investigated to identify treated animals on the basis of a modification of indirect metabolites profile. RE...

Humans, including infants are exposed to complex mixtures of anthropogenic chemicals, and food is a major exposure route. Current risk assessment, however, typically does not evaluate mixture toxicity but rather focuses on single chemical exposure scenarios. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence that combined exposures to chemicals is involved in t...

Since the decline of the use of bisphenol A, the chemistry of the varnishes and coatings which are applied to the inner surfaces of metallic food contact materials is poorly documented. We hypothesised that can coatings are now diverse and bring forth various non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) to be described. Investigating complex component...

Recent epidemiological studies show that current levels of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remain of great concern, as there is still a link between such exposures and the development of chronic environmental diseases. In this sense, most studies have focused on the health effects caused by exposure to dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs), altho...

Recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) is produced in large quantities and widely used in a number of countries worldwide to stimulate milk production in dairy animals. The use of this compound in animal production is strictly regulated by food safety directives in force, in particular in the European Union (EU). Although analytical strategies fo...

This study explored the complementarity between targeted (TS) and non-targeted screening (NTS) based on liquid and gas-phase chromatography coupled to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry (LC-/GC-(HR)MS) for the comprehensive characterization of organohalogen fingerprints within a set of Lake Ontario lake trout samples. The concentrations of 86 lega...

In order to overcome the challenge associated with the screening of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) abuses in animal competitions, a non-targeted LC-HRMS based metabolomics approach was implemented on equine urine samples to highlight potential biomarkers associated with the administration of such compounds, using testosterone esters as model st...

In a risk assessment perspective, this work aims to assess the bioaccessibility of PCBs in meat. A standardised in vitro static digestion protocol was set up and coupled with extraction, clean-up and GC×GC-ToF/MS multianalyte method to monitor the fate of PCBs in meat during digestion. Starting with spiked meat, PCB bioaccessibility in 11% fat medi...

With the aim of specifically investigating patterns associated with three steroid treatments (17β-nandrolone, 17β-estradiol, 17β-nandrolone+17β-estradiol) in bovine, an RPLC-ESI(+/-)-HRMS study was conducted to characterise the urinary profiles of involved animals. While specific fingerprints with strong differences could be highlighted between uri...

Growth Hormone (GH) under its human recombinant homologue (rhGH), may be abused by athletes to take advantage of its well-known anabolic and lipolytic properties; hence it is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Due to the rapid turnover of rhGH, anti-doping screening tests have turned to monitor two endocrine biomarkers (IGF-I and...

From a general public health perspective, a strategy combining non-targeted and targeted lipidomics MS-based approaches is proposed to identify disrupted patterns in serum lipidome upon growth promoter treatment in pigs. Evaluating the relative contributions of the platforms involved, the study aims at investigating the potential of innovative anal...

Thousands of chemicals are potentially contaminating the environment and food resources, covering a wide spectrum of molecular structures, physico-chemical properties, sources, environmental behavior and toxic pro-files. Beyond the description of the individual chemicals, characterizing contaminant mixtures in related matrices has become a major ch...

Administering growth promoters to meat-producing animals is strictly regulated within the European Community to preserve consumers’ safety. Nevertheless, illicit misuse of steroids and other veterinary drugs to increase animal production has still been found by National Residues Control Plans (NRCPs), mainly based on expensive targeted multi-class/...

We engineered a machine learning approach, MSHub, to enable auto-deconvolution of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) data. We then designed workflows to enable the community to store, process, share, annotate, compare and perform molecular networking of GC–MS data within the Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) Molecular Networking analys...

Reliable human health risk assessment associated with chlorinated paraffins (CPs) exposure is limited by the lack of data on the fate of this complex family of contaminants. To gain knowledge on the accumulation and distribution of CPs in biota after ingestion, laying hens were dietary exposed to technical mixtures of short- (SCCPs), medium- (MCCPs...

Exposure to chemical hazards is a growing concern in today’s society, and it is of utmost interest to know the levels of exposure to chemicals and the risks associated with such exposure in order to implement effective health prevention strategies. Chemical risk analysis represents a complex and laborious task due to the large number of known subst...

Dechlorane Plus is a polychlorinated compound which has exclusively anthropic origin. This compound has been manufactured for close to 60 years for various applications, but mainly as flame retardant. Dechlorane Plus and other Dechlorane-related compounds (DRCs) are currently marketed as a replacement for Dechlorane, also known as Mirex, banned in...

To date, nontargeted analysis (NTA) of halogenated organic compounds in biota has mostly been performed using GC/ MS-based instruments. We intended to broaden the spectrum of physicochemical properties of amenable substances by taking advantage of liquid chromatography−high-resolution mass spectrometry coupling paired with an electrospray ionizatio...

In the modern world, chemicals are ubiquitous, and humans, animals and species in the environment are exposed to an increasing number, both of anthropogenic and natural origin. Chemical risk assessment in the food and feed safety areas involves a wide range of disciplines and research areas such as chemistry, biology, toxicology and epidemiology, b...

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a complex family of contaminants. Lack of exposure data and an understanding of the fate of these chemicals in the environment affect our ability to reliably assess the human health risk associated with CP exposure. The present study focused on the evaluation of CP transfer from feed to eggs of laying hens exposed ov...

Increasing demands are being placed on meat producers to verify more about their product with regards to safety, quality and authenticity. There are many methods that can detect aspects of these parameters in meat, yet most are too slow to keep up with the demands of modern meat processing plants and supply chains. A new technology, Rapid Evaporati...

The risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins (CPs), chemicals of widespread industrial use, is struggling without standardized analytical methods to obtain reliable occurrence data. Indeed, scientists face analytical challenges that hinder the comparability of analytical methods, among them uncontrolled ionization efficiency and lack of quantificat...

Diet is considered a major route of human exposure to hexabromocyclododecane, a chiral environmental contaminant. A previous study reported on the occurrence of hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in food items of animal origin collected in Belgium. The present study reports further results on corresponding enantiomeric fractions of the same sa...

Growth hormone (GH), an endogenous peptide regulating anabolism and lipolysis in humans, is known to be abused by the athletes to improve their performances. Despite the development of two distinct screening methods, few positive cases have been reported by the anti‐doping authorities, probably due to the GH quick turnover and the masking effects o...

Food safety crises involving persistent organic pollutants (POPs) lead to systematic slaughter of livestock to prevent contaminants from entering the food chain. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies to depurate livestock moderately contaminated with POPs to reduce economic and social damage. This study aimed to test undernutrition (37%...

A wide range of Collision Cross Section (CCS) databases for different families of compounds have recently been established from Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS) measurements. Nevertheless, the need to validate these new data sets in order to provide the necessary confidence about the use of this parameter is increasingly expressed by the scie...

In the last decade, many mass spectrometric fingerprinting methods dedicated to lipidomics have been proposed: either non-targeted approaches, coupled with annotation methods, or targeted strategies, aiming at specifically monitoring a limited number of substances. In a general public health perspective and through a strategy combining non-targeted...

Evidence of the continuous rise of novel doping agents and novel doping strategies calls for the development of more accurate multi-target screening methods. Direct multi-target screening approaches are restricted to the targeted substances and their turnover. The development of effective “indirect” screening methods requires a priori a deep unders...

Collision cross section (CCS) databases based on single-laboratory measurements must be cross-validated to extend their use in peak annotation. This work addresses the validation of the first comprehensive TWCCSN2 database for steroids. First, its long-term robustness was evaluated (i.e. a year and a half after database generation; Synapt G2-S inst...

The evidence of continuous rise of novel doping agents and novel doping strategies calls for the development of more accurate multi‐target screening methods. Direct multi‐target screening approaches are restricted to the targeted substances and their turnover. The development of effective “indirect” screening methods requires a priori deep‐understa...

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), or polychlorinated n-alkanes, form a complex family of chemicals as they exist as mixtures of several thousands of isomers. To facilitate their classification, they are subdivided into short-chains (C10C13, SCCPs), medium-chains (C14C17, MCCPs), and long-chains (C≥18, LCCPs) and further subdivided according to their chl...

Brominated flame retardants ( BFR ) are primarily used as flame retardant additives in insulating materials. These lipophilic compounds can bioaccumulate in animal tissues, leading to human exposure via food ingestion. Although their concentration in food is not yet regulated, several of these products are recognised as persistent organic pollutant...

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) represents an analytical technique with significant practical societal impact. Spectral deconvolution is an essential step for interpreting GC-MS data. No public GC-MS repositories that also enable repository-scale analysis exist, in part because deconvolution requires significant user input. We therefor...

For the first time, a multi-centre Total Diet Study was carried out in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria. We collected and prepared as consumed 528 typical fatty foods from those areas and pooled these subsamples into 44 composites samples. These core foods were tested for a wide spectrum of POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)...

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) chromatography is widely applied in metabolomics as a complementary strategy to reverse phase chromatography. Nevertheless, it still faces several issues in terms of peak shape and compounds ionization, limiting the automatic de-convolution and data semi-quantification performed through dedicate...

On behalf of the Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, and International Advisory Board (IAB) it is with great pleasure that we will welcome you in Nantes, France, for the 40th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). We are proud to be able to continue the tradition of the symposium series as an interdisci...

Ractopamine is a controversial β-agonist substance that may be used in some parts of the world as growth promoter in livestock. Detection strategy relies on sophisticated sample preparation procedures and long analysis time. Thus, to face the increasing demand, fast and accurate analytical platforms are required for screening purposes. To that end,...

Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide (OCP), extensively used during more than 20 years in the French West Indies. Its use was banned in 1993, but it is still responsible of a widespread environmental contamination and related to several adverse effects on the local population. Although MRLs have been set to secure food production, consumers m...

Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide (OCP), extensively used during more than 20 years in the French West Indies. Its use was banned in 1993, but it is still responsible of a widespread environmental contamination and related to several adverse effects on the local population. Although MRLs have been set to secure food production, consumers m...

The Total Diet Study (TDS) approach provides a snapshot of the exposure of populations to food chemicals. We carried out a multi-center Total Diet Study for assessing the dietary exposure to a wide spectrum of chemical contaminants and residues in a representative sampling of the populations’ diet in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria (2014-2018)...

In the last decade, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has reemerged as an analytical separation technique, especially due to the commercialization of ion mobility mass spectrometers. Its applicability has been extended beyond classical applications such as the determination of chemical warfare agents and nowadays it is widely used for the characteriz...

Dechlorane Related Compounds (DRCs), including Dechlorane Plus (syn/anti-DP or syn/anti-DDC-CO) and related compounds (Dec-601 or DDC-ID, Dec-602 or DDC-DBF, Dec-603 or DDC-Ant and Chlordene Plus or DDC-PDD), are a group of polychlorinated flame retardants of concern since they were first reported in various environmental and biota matrices about o...

Mass spectrometry allows the relative quantification of the regioisomers of triacylglycerides by the calibration of their fragmentation patterns. However, due to the plethora of regioisomers of triacylglycerides, calibration with every standard is not feasible. An analytical challenge in the field is the prediction of the fragmentation patterns of...

Polyester-polyurethane lacquer, used to cover the inner surface of metallic food contact materials, may transfer non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) to the food. The identification of such a diversity of compounds, considered as migrating substances, requires taking advantage of complementary analytical platforms. Therefore, four types of gas...

In recent years, the commercialization of hybrid ion mobility-mass spectrometers and their integration in traditional LC-MS workflows provide new opportunities to extend the current boundaries of targeted and non-targeted analyses. When coupled to LC-MS, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) provides a novel characterization parameter, the so-called aver...

In the present work, we address the issue of non-targeted screening of organohalogenated chemicals in complex matrices. A global strategy aiming to seek halogenated signatures in full scan high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) fingerprints was developed. The resulting all-in-one user-friendly application, HaloSeeker 1.0, was developed to promote...

In the context of human and veterinary drugs identification, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) may provide a relevant complementary piece of information to mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), the so-called collision-cross-section (CCS). Up to now, however, the application of CCS as identification parameter has not b...

Even if there is no clear evidence that organic food products are healthier than conventional ones, the presumed absence of chemical contaminants is reported as main driver for organic consumers.. To provide occurrence data in a context of chronic exposure, samples of liver and meat (psoas major muscle) were collected in 2014 in six French slaughte...

Consumers generally considered organic products to be healthier and safer but data regarding the contamination of organic products are scarce. This study evaluated the impact of the farming system on the levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the tissues of French pigs (muscle and liver) reared following three different types of production (organic, Label...

Within the particular context of controlling chemical residues in food, an alternative to targeted approaches has emerged; it consists in the characterization of physiological perturbations induced upon exposure of animals to a given chemical substance/class of substances to highlight suitable biomarkers addressing safety and/or regulatory issues....

This study assesses the impact of the farming system on the levels of copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in pig tissues from three types of production (Organic (n = 28), Label Rouge (n = 12) and Conventional (n = 30)) randomly sampled in different slaughterhouses. All the concentrations were below regulatory limits. In muscles, Cu, Zn...

A steroidomics workflow has been developed in the objective of monitoring a wide range (n >150) of steroids in urine. The proposed workflow relies on the optimization of an adequate SPE extraction step followed by an UHPLC-HRMS/MS simultaneous analysis of both free and conjugated forms of C18, C19 and C21 steroid hormones. On the basis of 44 select...

Dechlorane related compounds (DRCs), including Dechlorane Plus (syn-DP and anti-DP), Dechlorane-601, -602, -603 and Chlordene Plus (CP), constitute a group of polychlorinated flame retardants (FRs) that are still of industrial use. In particular, DRCs have been detected in various environmental matrices and in different aquatic and terrestrial biot...

Determination of the occurrence levels of legacy and novel BFRs is today required to better understand the trends of BFRs contamination in food consecutive to the EU PBDEs restrictions and to proceed to a recent human food exposure in parallel. Therefore, concentrations of a large set of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) (n = 27) including PBDEs,...

Introduction Although it is still at a very early stage compared to its mass spectrometry (MS) counterpart, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lipidomics is worth being investigated as an original and complementary solution for lipidomics. Dedicated sample preparation protocols and adapted data acquisition methods have to be developed to set u...