Gary Adams

• Ph.D.
• Professor at Marquette University

Family‐to‐work conflict (FWC) bias captures an erroneous assumption that women have more FWC than men. Existing research has relied on a “lack of fit” perspective (i.e., women have less person–job and person–organization fit compared with men) to explain why this bias detracts from women's work outcomes. Building on this, we propose a novel social...

Purpose The goal of this study was to help explain the underrepresentation of lesbian women and gay men (LG) in senior leadership positions by examining bias in the allocation of developmental opportunities (sponsorship/coaching and challenging work assignments). It further sought to test stigma-by-association as one reason for the biased allocatio...

Purpose The authors incorporated leadership and gender theories with research on trust to propose a model relating interpersonal emotion management (IEM, a type of relational leadership) and task-oriented (T-O) leadership to follower adaptive performance. The authors also examine the indirect effect of IEM and T-O on adaptive performance via trust...

The purpose of this study was to meta-analytically test a novel theoretical model examining a dual stressor and dual process model relating demands in the work domain to outcomes in the nonwork domain. The foundation for this model rested upon the challenge-hindrance framework and the role depletion and role enhancement perspectives derived from ro...

We build and empirically test an integrative model of gender, workplace politics, and stress by integrating social role theory and prescriptive gender stereotypes with the transactional theory of stress. To examine the effect of gender on the relation between exposure to non-sanctioned political influence tactics (NPITs; e.g., self-serving and soci...

The past decade has witnessed a rise in the visibility of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. This has resulted in some organizational researchers focusing their attention on workplace issues facing LGBT employees. While empirical research has been appropriately focused on examining the impact of workplace factors on the w...

Two studies examined follower reactions to disclosure of concealable stigma (i.e., transgender identity) by a leader. Using 109 employed participants, Study 1 showed followers rated leaders disclosing a stigma less likable and effective. This effect was both direct and indirect through relational identification with the leader. Using 206 employed p...

The phrase “retirement attitudes” refers to an evaluative assessment that may be based on or expressed as thoughts, feelings, and behavioral intentions about the topic of retirement. Retirement is a broad term that is sometimes used to refer to the event or point in time when one changes from working to being retired. It can also be used to refer t...

We propose the Challenge-Hindrance (C-H) framework of occupational stress (Cavanaugh, Bowell, Roehling, & Boudreau, 2000) as a novel theoretical lens for explaining the relationships between job demands, work interfering with family (WIF) and work enriching family (WEF). In so doing we extend the C-H framework to off-job constructs, help explain ho...

Despite significant improvement in women’s career outcomes, the continued gender gap makes it clear that barriers remain. One such barrier explored here is the impact of political behavior in organizations. This research proposes and tests a theoretically derived model of the immediate consequences of daily negative political experiences on employe...

A series of well-established demographic trends such as increased life expectancies and changing patterns of birthrates are bringing about an aging of the world's population (Kin-sella & He, 2009). One of the key issues stemming from population aging is the aging of the workforce and older people's continued participation in paid work. Continued wo...

The Oxford Handbook of Retirement offers comprehensive, up-to-date, and forward-thinking summaries of contemporary knowledge on retirement, especially the important progress that has been made in the field over the past two decades. The approach taken spans human resource management, organizational psychology, development psychology, gerontology, s...

Theory and research from the emotional labour literature focusing on mistreatment of employees by customers were used to examine interpersonal mistreatment by customers, coworkers, and supervisors. Specifically, we examined the relationships between all three of these sources of interpersonal mistreatment and psychological distress. We also examine...

In this article we note that in the coming years, a larger number of people will be experiencing retirement for a longer period of time than ever before and that despite this fact, many will find themselves unprepared for this stage of their lives. We review the literature on retirement preparation, structuring our review around the key questions t...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a measure of occupational embeddedness. Design/methodology/approach The construct of occupational embeddedness was defined in terms of the forces that bind people to their occupation. Then a four‐part study was conducted to develop a measure of it. Findings In Part 1, items were developed and judgme...

This study examined the relationships of social stressors arising from interactions with civilians and suspects (outsiders) and coworkers and supervisors (insiders) with turnover intention, psychological distress, and emotional exhaustion. It also examined surface acting—a way of faking appropriate emotions—as a mediator of these relationships. Usi...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine organizational context variables as moderators of the relationship between preferred work status and job performance. The moderators were perceived organizational support (POS) and psychological contract fulfillment. Design/Methodology/Approach Survey data was collected from 164 participants working...

The vast majority of master's level students in industrial and organizational psychology programs go on to become practitioners in a wide variety of applied settings including consulting firms, private sector corporations, and government agencies. As a result, it is critical that students in terminal master's programs be exposed to a wide and diver...

Adopting M. Segal’s framework, we focused on examining four military lifestyle demands—(1) risk of service member injury or death, (2) frequent relocations, (3) periodic separations, and (4) foreign residence—and their relationships to psychological and physical well-being, satisfaction with the Army, and marital satisfaction. Questionnaire results...

This research examined the impact of three organizational policies on applicant attraction of 120 older workers with an interest in bridge employment (i.e., work after formal retirement). Using a mock newspaper ad to manipulate policies, scheduling flexibility, and a targeted equal employment opportunity (EEO) statement positively influenced older...

Although the Baby Boomers are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population and they are quickly approaching retirement age, research has widely neglected to look at the reasons as to why many of them intend on opting for bridge employment as opposed to completely retiring. This study examined the relationships among four reasons for working (...

The purpose of this article was to integrate 2 models linking work and family. The first model, coming primarily from the military literature, suggested that working conditions are directly related to outcomes. The second model, found primarily in the civilian literature, suggested that in addition to being directly related, working conditions are...

Using a sample of recent retirees, the study described here sought to test the general propositions of the Wanberg, Watt, and Rumsey (1996) model by (a) including specific variables that are likely to be relevant to older adults seeking work after retirement (bridge employment) and (b) integrating more recent variable groups (e.g., situational cons...

Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine associations among trauma-related contextual factors, initial psychological reactions, social support, and subsequent disclosure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of World War II (WWII) veterans exposed to mustard gas (N = 305). A structural model suggested that initi...

The posttraumatic sequelae of contaminant exposure are a contemporary international concern due to the threats posed to military personnel and civilians by war and bioterrorism. The role of PTSD symptoms as a mediator between potentially traumatic toxin exposure and physical health outcomes was examined with structural equation modeling in a probab...

The posttraumatic sequelae of contaminant exposure are a contemporary international concern due to the threats posed to military personnel and civilians by war and bioterrorism. The role of PTSD symptoms as a mediator between potentially traumatic toxin exposure and physical health outcomes was examined with structural equation modeling in a probab...

This study investigated relations between 3 work-related stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict, and organizational constraints) and altruistic behavior in the workplace. It was predicted that each stressor would be negatively related to altruism and that these relations would be moderated by affective commitment (AC). Data from 144 incumbent-sup...

This study examined two components (achievement strivings and impatience-irritability) of the Type A Behavior Pattern as moderators of job stressors and job complexity on health and job satisfaction. It was predicted that achievement strivings would moderate the impact of job stressors and impatience-irritability would impact responses to job compl...

This study examined the relationships between work-role attachment variables (job involvement, affective organizational commitment, and career identification) and intention to retire. Results indicated that organizational commitment was negatively related to retirement intent. Contrary to expectations, job involvement displayed a positive relations...

This chapter explores and issue that has largely been ignored in the extant negative affectivity literature, namely whether the impact of negative affectivity depends on gender. The authors begin by providing an overview of the literature on the role of negative affectivity in occupational stress research. Following this, they describe gender-based...

Two studies were conducted to develop and provide evidence supporting the construct validity of scores on a scale to measure two aspects of workplace friendship: friendship prevalence and friendship opportunities. In the first study, data collected from 200 part-time graduate students supported the internal consistency and proposed dimensionality o...

The relationships among three career-related variables, career commitment, career growth opportunity, and occupational goal attainment, and planned retirement age were examined separately and relative to personal and work-related predictors of retirement using a sample of 172 working adults age 45 years and older. Hierarchical regression analysis i...

This article incorporates recent research regarding time management into a model of work-family conflict. The authors hypothesized that 3 types of time management behavior would have both direct and indirect (through perceived control of time) relationships, with work interfering with family and family interfering with work. It was also hypothesize...

This study sought to demonstrate that turnover and retirement intentions were distinct forms of organizational withdrawal and to empirically examine the similarities and differences between their antecedents. In a sample of 375 (126 men and 247 women) working adults, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the contention that items measuring turno...

Structural equation modeling procedures were used to examine relationships among several war zone stressor dimensions, resilience-recovery factors, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in a national sample of 1,632 Vietnam veterans (26% women and 74% men). A 9-factor measurement model was specified on a mixed-gender subsample of the data and...

Structural equation modeling procedures were used to examine relationships among several war zone stressor dimensions, resilience–recovery factors, and post–traumatic stress disorder symptoms in a national sample of 1,632 Vietnam veterans (26% women and 74% men). A 9-factor measurement model was specified on a mixed-gender subsample of the data and...

Occupational stress researchers have often questioned whether scale measures of work-related stressors accurately reflect the day-to-day experiences of employees. As an alternative to such measures, some have suggested the use of qualitative measures. Unfortunately, however, there have been no direct comparisons of these two measurement methods. In...

This study reports the results of a confirmatory factor analysis of the 1990 Time Management Behavior scale of Macan, Shahani, Dipboye, and Phillips. The results support the hypothesized factor structure of the scale.

A model of the relationship between work and family that incorporates variables from both the work-family conflict and social support literatures was developed and empirically tested. This model related bidirectional work-family conflict, family instrumental and emotional social support, and job and family involvement to job and life satisfaction....

A model of the relationship between work and family that incorporates variables from both the work–family conflict and social support literatures was developed and empirically tested. This model related bidirectional work–family conflict, family instrumental and emotional social support, and job and family involvement to job and life satisfaction....

The Attitudes Toward Diversity scale (ATDS) was developed to measure the construct of attitudes toward diversity. It consists of 10 items representing each of three domains: attitudes toward diversity with regard to (a) coworkers, (b) supervisors, and (c) hiring and promotion decisions. To determine psychometric characteristics of scale scores, 349...

A measure of family social support for workers was developed, and initial investigations of its psychometric characteristics were conducted. Data from several samples endorse the internal consistency of the support dimensions of emotional sustenance and instrumental assistance, and confirmatory factor analysis findings reinforce the bidimensional s...

Argues that the employment interview continues to be used because it serves organizational functions other than the prediction of job performance. A review of research on the interview suggests that it is used by organizations as a form of sociometric selection; 3 features of the traditional interview give it a sociometric quality. The use of socio...