Garret Hall

Florida State University | FSU · Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems

Reading and math are related due to many codeveloping skills. Historically, theorizing in these two areas has progressed separately, despite well-documented empirical evidence for a range of shared underlying developmental processes subserving these learning domains. The purpose of this paper is to describe the links between the Triple Code Model,...

Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) have a long history in clinical and educational disciplines. One underdeveloped area in advancing SCED design and analysis is understanding the process of how internal validity threats and operational concerns are avoided or mitigated. Two strategies to ameliorate such issues in SCED involve replication and...

Introduction The primary objective of this study was to identify variables that significantly influence the implementation of math Response to Intervention (RTI) at the school level, utilizing the ECLS-K: 2011 dataset. Methods Due to missing values in the original dataset, a Random Forest algorithm was employed for data imputation, generating a to...

Different types of math interventions and outcomes naturally yield quantitatively and qualitatively different impacts: some interventions may produce rapid change whereas others may promote the gradual accumulation of skills. These elements of single-case math intervention analysis necessitate greater continuity in visual and quantitative analysis...

Multitiered systems of support (MTSS) are composed of tiered prevention and intervention in multiple domains. MTSS is often referred to as an umbrella framework that includes both a multi-tiered approach to proactive school-wide behavior (e.g., Schoolwide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports) and academic supports in reading, writing, and/o...

Using data from students in grades 3-8 in school years 2018-19 (n = 1,871) and 2021-22 (n = 1,740), we examined the strength of fall math screening using Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) for predicting end-of-year state math assessment performance levels and whether this prediction varied across English language proficiency (ELP). In addition, w...

School context can shape relative intervention response in myriad ways due to factors, such as instructional quality, resource allocation, peer effects, and correlations between the school context and characteristics of enrolled students (e.g., higher-poverty students attending higher-poverty schools). In the current study, we used data from 16,000...

We used triannual reading curriculum-based measurement of oral reading fluency data from 11,834 students in Grades 2 and 3 enrolled in an evidence-based Tier 2 reading intervention program (Reading Corps) to investigate the extent to which family involvement in the intervention might buffer against a negative effect of lower intervention dosage. Th...

We used Bayesian ordinal regression methods to examine the sensitivity of reading and math screening accuracy before and following learning disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a Bayesian updating procedure in which model estimates from previous years are used as Bayesian priors in following years, we find that reading and math scree...

Forthcoming in Journal of School Psychology: Longitudinal data can provide inferences at both the between-person and within-person levels of analysis, but only to the extent that the statistical models chosen for data analysis are specified to adequately capture these distinct sources of association. The present work focuses on auto-regressive cros...

Early adolescence is a pivotal time for academic development; however, the vast majority of research on reading and math development within a multi-tiered system of support has been conducted among elementary students. Using triannual (Fall, Winter, Spring) academic screening data, we examined the transactional development of reading and math skill...

We examined whether English language proficiency (ELP) related to interim reading and math performance differently when academic assessments were administered to students in either English or Spanish. We also tested these effects with Spanish language proficiency (SLP) as well as jointly with ELP and SLP. Students from a midwestern suburban school...

Current methods of calculating risk probability in universal screening do not fully account for sources of uncertainty in risk estimation. Bayesian ordinal regression models (BORMs) have promise in advancing recent research on post-test probabilities using interval likelihood ratios (Klingbeil et al., 2019; 2021) in the context of universal screeni...

Structural equation models (SEM) are a method of latent variable analysis that offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of modeling methods for applied research questions. Recent advancements associated with longitudinal SEM have unlocked innovative ways to decompose variance and to estimate mean trends over time (e.g., Allison et al., 2017; Ber...

Links between reading and math are ubiquitous, but few studies examine causal mechanisms between reading and math. Using open randomized reading intervention data (Connor et al., 2013; van Dijk et al., 2022), we examined a reading intervention’s impact on calculation fluency and problem-solving growth as well as the mechanisms of reading interventi...

Determining how individuals learn, what practices promote that learning, and what kinds of policies support those practices is the primary goal of most education research. These questions of “what works” rely on rigorous research designs that clearly articulate causal questions. In the education realm, many different kinds of studies can help addre...

Bayesian latent change score modeling (LCSM) was used to compare models of triannual (fall, winter, spring) change on elementary math computation and concepts/applications curriculum‐based measures. Data were collected from elementary students in Grades 2–5, approximately 700 to 850 students in each grade (47%–54% female; 78%–79% White, 10%–11% Bla...

The Opportunity-Propensity Model (OPM) specifies that antecedents (demographics that predict opportunities and propensities occurring before formal schooling), opportunities (exposure to experiences afforded in the home, community, and school), and propensities (pre-existing skills that help children take advantage of opportunities) work in concert...

Using kindergarten up to fourth-grade data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (2010-2011 cohort), we investigated systematic variability in English language learners' (ELLs; n = 303) mathematics growth as well as relations of kindergarten language growth and working memory (WM) to ELLs' mathematics growth. Using growth mixture modeling, on...

The current study examined the validity of curriculum-based measures (CBM) in mathematics computation (M-COMP) and oral reading fluency (R-CBM) in predicting spring mathematics and reading performance level and performance risk (>1 SD below the national mean) among students classified as English Learners (ELs). Additionally, the current study asses...

Structural equation models (SEM) are a method of latent variable analysis that offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of modeling methods for applied research questions. Recent advancements of longitudinal SEM have unlocked innovative ways to decompose variance and to estimate mean trends over time (e.g., Allison et al., 2017; Berry & Willough...

We examined whether English language proficiency (ELP) related to interim reading and math performance differently when academic assessments were administered to students in either English or Spanish. We also tested these effects with Spanish language proficiency (SLP) as well as jointly with ELP and SLP. Students from a midwestern suburban school...

The Opportunity-Propensity Model (OPM) specifies that antecedents (demographics that predict opportunities and propensities occurring before formal schooling), opportunities (exposure to experiences afforded in the home, community, and school), and propensities (pre- existing skills that help children take advantage of opportunities) work in concer...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether seventh-grade positive peer affiliation and conduct problems mediated the relationship between sixth-grade parental monitoring of behavior and eighth-grade school participation and grades among students with elevated behavior ratings (EBR; n = 821) and students with unelevated behavior ratings (UBR;...

Math computation is a foundational skill for students developing higher-level mathematics problem-solving skills and represents a primary deficit for students struggling in mathematics. Students with mathematics difficulties also tend to have difficulties with other executive functions. One domain that is systematically part of most mathematical co...

Responsive school mental health services require proactive family engagement at the outset of prevention and early intervention, particularly across key transition periods such as kindergarten. Universal screening for mental health is one important process within a school mental health framework to proactively engage families in a collaborative dat...

Determining the effectiveness of core mathematics curricula is foundational to evidence-based practice. Examining effectiveness heterogeneity is also crucial to better understanding mathematics achievement among English language learners (ELLs). In this study, we used a quasi-experimental design (difference-in-differences) to examine the impact of...

Educational Impact and Implications Statement Students of color routinely confront bias and negative stereotypes about their ability to succeed academically in secondary schools. Such “threats in the air” have been shown to cause a variety of negative responses among African American and Latino students, including decreased psychological well-being...

The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Family Involvement Questionnaire–Elementary Version with families in Belize. Participants were 185 primary caregivers of children in primary education settings in Belize. Caregivers were given the Family Involvement Questionnaire–Elementary Version to measure their educational inv...

Interventions that prompt learners to generate their own ideas about how material is valuable are promising for inspiring engagement. Drawing from research on the availability bias, we investigated how the learners’ subjective experience of generating ideas about the value of a domain (i.e., ease of coming up with ideas) affects perceptions of the...