Garima Singh

• Medical Doctor at Maulana Azad Medical College

Introduction Risk management includes identifying various risks, assessing the probability of occurrence, and evaluating the severity of their consequences. As clinical laboratories are integrally involved in patient care, risks in the laboratories could present grave consequences in some instances. This study aimed to utilize simple techniques for...

The present checklist deals with the association of aphids with the plants belonging to the four orders of nitrogen-fixing clade of fabids eudicot angiosperms, i.e. Cucurbitales, Fabales, Fagales and Rosales recorded in India. Total 294 species of plants of these orders belonging to 124 genera and 13 families are associated with 239 species of aphi...

An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders in three union territories of India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep Islands and Puducherry) is presented herewith. The biodiversity of spider is maximum in Andaman & Nicobar Islands (141 species, 93 genera, 28 families) followed by Puducherry (100 species, 76 genera, 26 families), a...

In this review, an updated checklist of spider diversity in Rajasthan, India is presented. A total of 173 spider species from 90 genera belonging to 25 families are listed with records/descriptions originating from only 20 out of 33 districts of Rajasthan. A total of 74 taxa recorded from various districts of Rajasthan were identified only up to ge...

An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders, in two norther states of India, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand is presented herewith. A total of 520 species of spiders described under 236 genera belonging to 50 families were recorded in both the states of north India. The biodiversity of spiders is more in Uttar Pradesh (284 species, 146...

An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders in three north and northwest Indian states (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab) and two union territories (Chandigarh, Delhi) is presented herewith. A total of 242 species of spiders described under 127 genera belonging to 31 families were recorded in above mentioned states/union territories...

An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders in all eight states of northeast India is presented herewith. A total of 956 species of spiders described under 225 genera belonging to 43 families were recorded in all eight states of northeast India. The biodiversity of spiders is maximum in Assam (266 species, 136 genera, 27 families) fo...

Objectives The recent Covid-19 pandemic has burdened the healthcare facilities, especially in the presence of limited infrastructure. We aimed at applying a queuing model to the Covid-19 screening area so as to optimize the screening services and ensuring that no patient is refused the service. Methods The mean arrival time of patients, number of...

Background: In the wake of the novel coronavirus pandemic, the closure of educational institutions has imposed a situation of potential gap in learning. Since training of medical and paramedical students is vital in creation of our army of these frontline health-care workers, this study was aimed at comparing the asynchronous and synchronous metho...

The number of cases of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in India has been increasing since March 2020. However, a significant interstate heterogeneity is evident. The present study was aimed at analysing the various factors that could correlate with this heterogeneity. This analytical cross-sectional study included the COVID-19 related data of var...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity and distribution of one of the spider family Pholcidae (Araneae: Arachnida), commonly known as cellar spiders, daddy long-legs spiders, carpenter spiders, vibrating spiders, etc., in different Indian states and union territories and provides an update checklist based on the literature published up...

Objectives Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the salivary gland lesions has diverse and sometimes overlapping features that pose a diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologists. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) has been introduced to bring uniformity in the reporting of salivary gland FNAC and improve the...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of six families of spiders, viz. Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Anyphaenidae, Arkyidae, Cithaeronidae and Corinnidae (Araneae: Arachnida) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from following Indian states: Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana,...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of spitting spiders (Scytodidae: Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) in different Indian states and union territories and provides an up-to-date checklist of these spiders based on the literature published up to February 5, 2021. It includes 14 species of spiders described under 2 genera in 20 stat...

Background: Tuberculous mastitis (TM) is a rare extrapulmonary presentation of tuberculosisaccounting for less than 1% of all diseases of the breast in the industrialized world. GranulomatousMastitis (GM) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease of the breast that almost always mimicscancer in young individuals, so it can be a diagnostic dilemma...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of eleven families of spiders, viz. Palpimanidae, Pimoidae, Psechridae, Psilodercidae, Segestriidae, Selenopidae, Sicariidae, Stenochilidae, Symphytognathidae, Tetrablemmidae and Theridiosomatidae (Araneae: Arachnida) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of the spiders belonging to the family Oonopidae. In India, the Oonopidae is represented by 52 species in 15 genera in 15 states and 2 union territories and out of them 34 species are endemic. In India, Triaeris Simon, 1890 is the largest genus consisting of 7 species. Maximum 13 species of these...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of five families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Titanoecidae, Trachelidae, Trochanteriidae, Uloboridae, and Zodariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Bihar, Daman & Diu and Dadar & Nagar Haveli, De...

Distribution of jumping spiders (Salticidae: Araneae: Arachnida) in different states of India and union territories is presented herewith. A total of 352 species under 116 genera of Salticidae were recorded in all states and union territories of India except Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Maximum number of species were recorded from West...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of four families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae and Filistatidae (Araneae: Arachnida) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, and northeast India (Arunchal Pr...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of one of the spider family Philodromidae (Araneae: Arachnida), commonly known as philodromid crab spiders or running crab spiders or house crab spiders in different Indian states and union territories and provides an update checklist based on the literature published up to January 15, 2021. It in...

The article deals with the faunal diversity of the crab spiders (Thomisidae: Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) in different states of India and the union territories. A total of 210 species belonging to 44 genera of Thomisidae was recorded in all states and the union territories of India except for Nagaland and Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu...

Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a distinctly higher incidence in certain demographic groups and areas. Chronic cholecystitis and epithelial changes such as metaplasia/dysplasia are associated with a higher incidence of gallbladder carcinoma. Progression from chronic cholecystitis to metaplasia/dysplasia to carcinoma is multifactorial. Ki-67...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of five families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Clubionidae, Ctenidae, Cybaeidae, Deinopidae and Desidae (Araneae: Arachnida) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Haryana, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Telangana and Tripura. Two fami...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of the spiders belonging to the family Linyphiidae. In India, the Linyphiidae is represented by 94 species in 39 genera in 19 states and 3 union territories and 48 species are endemic. In India, Oedothorax Bertkau, 1883 is the largest genus consisting 17 species. Maximum 32 species of these spider...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of three families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Hahniidae, Hersiliidae and Homalonychidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Arunchal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Mizoram, and Nagaland. Among th...

The diversity of 4 tribes (Ballini, Dendryphantini, Chrysillini and Hasariini) of subfamily Salticinae in Indian states and union territories is reported. The tribe Ballini (3 genera, 9 species) is reported only from Goa, Gujarat, Karnatka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand while Dendryphantini (9 genera, 47 species) is widely distr...

Distribution of spiders belonging to 4 tribes of clade Simonida (Salticinae: Salticidae: Araneae) reported in India is dealt. The tribe Aelurillini (7 genera, 27 species) is represented in 16 states and in 2 union territories, Euophryini (10 genera, 16 species) in 14 states and in 4 union territories, Leptorchestini (2 genera, 3 species) only in 2...

The present article deals with the distribution of one of the spider family Cheiracanthiidae (Araneae: Arachnida), commonly known as yellow sac spiders, in different Indian states and union territories and also provides an update checklist based on the literature published up to September 30, 2020. It includes total 38 species of yellow sac spiders...

The present article deals with the faunal diversity of five families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Liocranidae, Mimetidae, Miturgidae, Nesticidae, and Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Assam, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Ladakh, Lakshd...

Distribution of 6 subfamilies, viz. Asemoneinae, Eupoinae, Hisponinae, Lyssomaninae, Onomastinae, and Spartaeinae out of 7 subfamilies of Salticidae, in different states and union territories of India is presented herewith. Out of 28 states and 8 union territories in India, these spiders were recorded only from 14 states and 2 union territories. Ou...

A total of 56 species under 14 genera were recorded in most of the states and union territories of India except Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Daman & Du and Dadra & Nagar Haveli, and Lakshadweep. Out of them, 27 species are endemic. The Amycoida is represented by only 2 species of a single genus (tribe Sitticini), one...

The aphids are tiny sap sucking plant lice that not only infest agricultural and horticultural crops but also spread several viral diseases. They are very fascinating insects as these are thelytokous parthenogenetic viviparous, having short generation time and telescopic generation with polymorphism. Many species of aphids display complex life cycl...

Background: The aphids (Aphididae: Hemiptera) are sucking insects and by feeding they devitalized plants and hence considered as one of the major pests of crops, vegetables and fruit trees. The food plant catalogue of Indian aphids dates back almost four decades ago. The researches on aphid taxonomy as well as their host plants is continued with th...

The Aphidini is one of the 2 tribes of the subfamily Aphidinae (Aphididae: Hemiptera) containing about 830 species/subspecies assigned to 33 genera. Out of these, only 9 genera and 70 species/subspecies were recorded from India infesting 940 plant species belonging to 138 families, out of which only 19 families are monocot. Indian Aphidini are reco...

Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch is a polyphagous aphid and is a major pest of legume crops. The diversity of its host range in India includes plants belonging to over 200 species/subspecies under 46 plant families. Plants belonging to following families are highly infested: Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae.

Endometriosis of the abdominal wall scar is rare, reported incidence being 1.08% for mid-trimester abortion and 0.03–0.4% following caesarean sections. Incisional endometriosis is a relatively rare entity and is often misdiagnosed as stitch granuloma, abscess, incisional hernia, lipoma, hematoma, desmoid tumor, sarcoma, lymphoma, or primary and met...

The articles provides updated checklist of Indian aphids (Aphididae: Hemiptera) belonging to the subfamily Eriosomatinae and their food plants. Out of 470 valid species of world Eriosomatinae assigned to 53 genera, in India only 64 species assigned to 19 genera were recorded so far, out of which 22 species are endemic. Some of them are pestiferous....

The Macrosiphini is one of the 2 tribes of the subfamily Aphidinae (Aphididae: Hemiptera) containing about 2166 species/subspecies assigned to 242 genera. Out of these, only 96 genera and 374 species are recorded from India infesting hundreds of plant species belonging to several families. The food plants of Indian Macrosiphini is catalogued alphab...

The subfamily Aiceoninae contains only one genus Aiceona of which 8 species are recorded from India on about 10 species of plants belonging to 5 families. The subfamily Anoeciinae contains only two genera Anoecia Koch, 1857 that contains 29 species/subspecies and a monotypic genus Krikoanoecia Zhang and Qiao, 1996 out of which only 6 species are re...

Background: The praying mantids (Mantodea: Dictyoptera) are predatory insects they play a very vital role in management of insect population in nature. Familywise distribution pattern of mantids of the world is not compiled so far. The work will help to solve some needs pertaining to studies on world mantids of these families, such as synonymic han...

Aphis spiraecola Patch is a polyphagous aphid and is a major pest of citrus apple and Mexican aster. The diversity of its host range in India includes plants belonging to 278 species/subspecies under 68 plant families. Plants belonging to following families are highly infested: Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae...

Biocontrol is generally regarded as most effective in stable ecosystems (e.g., forests, orchards, range lands). However, the studies conducted and reports available demonstrate that it can still be effective in agroecosystems where the environment is continually disrupted and diversity is minimal. It implies, therefore, that although the biocontrol...

The praying mantids (Order Mantodea, Class Insecta) are a group of over 2500 carnivorous polyneopteran insects distributed in tropical and subtropical habitats of the world, from the rainforest to the desert ground. The order Mantodea comprises over 20 fam Hymenopodidae, commonly known as flower mantids or orchid mantids is the most attractive with...

Inverted Papilloma (IP) is an uncommon and locally aggressive benign tumour of sinonasal region, which tends to recur after surgical resection. Most tumours are confined to the lateral nasal wall and sinuses, with maxillary sinus being most commonly affected and a male preponderance. It has a known association with in situ and invasive carcinomas w...

Primary well differentiated keratinising Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gall bladder malignancy accounting for 3.3% of all gall bladder carcinomas. Here we present a case of a 70-year-old female with complaints of dyspepsia and right upper quadrant pain for 3 months. Ultrasonography showed gall stones along with thickened and irregular gal...

Leiomyomas are benign and most common smooth muscle neoplasms that can occur in any organ, most commonly in uterus, small bowel and esophagus. Leiomyomas may have unusual presentations either in form of location or various secondary changes like hyaline, myxoid, red degeneration, chondroid metaplasia, sarcomatous change, etc. We present two unusual...

Granulomas exclusively involving the myometrium are rare pathological finding and those presenting with atonic post-partum hemorrhage have never been reported. Here we present a case of myometrial granulomas presenting with atonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) with no evidence of granulomatous inflammation elsewhere in the body. There was also no his...

The angiospermic family Fabaceae or Leguminosae is the second largest family in the world. Out of about 1200 species described, only 122 species were found to be attacked by one or other aphid (Insecta : Homoptera : Aphididae) species. On record, 73 aphid species colonise the legumes in India, among which Aphis craccivora is the dominating species...

The praying mantiss are a group of over 2500 predatory insects (Order Mantodea: Superorder Dictyoptera) distributed in tropical and subtropical habitats of the world, from the rainforest to the desert ground. Currently, the order Mantodea comprises over 20 families, out of which the global distribution of 2 families: Liturgusidae and Thespidae is p...

Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) was described as Aphidius rapae by McIntosh in 1855. In 1960, Starý described a new genus Diaeretiella and put the species under it. A number of synonymy of D. rapae is listed herein. D. rapae is a polyphagous and exclusive aphid parasitoid. It parasitises about 98 species of the a...

Among the flowering plants, the family Asteraceae or Compositae is the largest family in the world, but in India, it occupies seventh place. Few members of this family provide edible oils, lettuce, chicory, artichokes, yacón, sweetening agents, coffee substitutes, and herbal teas and other beverages. Several species are grown as ornamental plants f...

Among the flowering plants, the family Poaceae or Graminae is one of the most speciose family in the world. Species in this family have been cultivated for staple food crops (rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, oat, barley, sugarcane, etc.), fodder for animals (cattle, sheep, goats, etc.), biofuel, building materials (bamboos), paper, garden design and la...

Aphidiine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are exclusively aphid parasitoids. Mostly they are arrhenotokous, i.e., there is a haplo-diploid sex-determination system that enables the mothers to regulate progeny sex ratio, as males develop parthenogenetically from haploid eggs and females develop zygogenetically from fertilized (diploid) eggs. In inse...

Aphis gossypii Glover is highly polyphagous and is now considered to consist of distinct phenotypes and genotypes, both holocyclic and anholocyclic, that vary with respect to their ability to reproduce and food preferences on different host plants. The diversity of its host range in India includes plants belonging to 569 species under 103 plant fam...