Ganjineh Asnad

• National Library and Archive of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Purpose: The application of materials with lasting and durability physical properties is one of the main criteria for preservation of paper works. In this study we examined physical/thermal function of NFC and BCN cellulose nanofibers into the polymer matrix of Klucel-G, as a modified polymeric material in terms of Glass Transition temperature (Tg)...

Purpose: Investigates the reasons of differences between President Banisadr and the Parliament following 1979 Islamic Rrevolution with regard to the nomination of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Members. Method and Research Design: Archival records and library material was consulted to gater data. Findings and Conclusion: Differences were political...

Purpose: The objective has been to assess the impact of the legislation on modernizing national administrative system. Method and Research Design: Data presented as the basis of analysis is gathered from archival documents and library materials Findings and conclusion: Reform in recruitment procedures the Qajar era; although the first national empl...

Purpose: This paper investigates the different tchniqueses employed by the Russians to implement their policy of annexing Iranian territory on the southeast of the Caspian Sea following in the late 19th Century until the October Revolution of 1917. Method and Research Design: This study is based on archival and published documents. Findings and Co...

Purpose: To report the performance and the failure of the Commission for the Implementation of Remittances as an early attempt by the Parliament after the 1906 Constitutional Revolution for monitoring public expenditures. Method and Research Design: Data presented is based on Archival records of the Ministry of Economics and Finance held at the Nat...

Purpose: Exploring required components for creating a participatory archive for Tehran metropolitan area archival centers based on web2 technology. Method and Research Design: Based on extensive interview with a number of experts, we arrived at a number of categories. The Categories were used to develop a questionnaire and circulated among all the...

Purpose: This paper has carefully examined the ways social media contents are managed in high ranking universities around the world, in order to propose an appropriate model for Iranian universities. Methods and Research Design: Data about social media records management policy of seven universities was collected by reviewing the websites of 100 to...

Purpose: To investigate the factors affecting the selection and retrieval of images in news networks for faster and more accurate retrieval of images in the News Archive of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. Methodology & Design Research: The research method is documentary and library research and data is collected and analyzed from archiva...

Purpose: Bandar Gaz a small town at the southeast end of the Caspian Sea turned to trade center with Russia when Russian merchnts established their business there in mid-nineteenth century. However, after the construction of the Trans-Caspian Railway the focus of Russians moved to Khorasan. Then prominent Iranian merchants, Amin al-Zarb brothers an...

Purpose: Reza Shah's reign was a new stage in the advancement of women's status in Iran. The new government implemented a number of programs in line with the modernization and secularization, one being the establishment of teacher taining colleges (Daaneshsara) to provide training female teachers. Such initiatives played a significant role in promo...

Purpose: Reports the role of the International Labor Office (ILO) in enacting and formulating the first labor law in Iran in the late Qajarid and early Pahlavi years Method and Research Design: Archival records and library materials were examined to collect data. Findings & Conclusion: Reza Shah (1925-`941) was not interested in regulating employer...

Purpose: Purpose: Discusses the importance of the construction and maintenance of the Mashhad-Ashghabad road in the latest years of Qajars (bet. 1887 – 1924). . Method and Research Design: this article has been written relying on the archival sources in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Malik National Museum of Iran. The method of the research is...

Abstract Purpose: Suggesting a framework for describing archival material titles according to the rules of ISAD-G (ICA, 1999), RAD Canadian Archivists Association, (2008), MAD (Procter&cook, 2016), DACS (American Archivists Association, 2013) and RDA (Pazuki and Fatahi Translation, 1396). Method and Research Design: After classifying and matching d...

Purpose: Examining the posibiliy of setting up an archive for preserving Tehran Metorpolitan area Municiparly records. Method and Research Design: Views of 65 stakeholders, including Tehran Metropolitan Area Councilors, expert members of the Arts and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality (ACOTM), as well as professional archivists of the Nat...

Purpose: Variations of retouch on black and white glass plate negatives, including collodion and gelatin glass plates was a common practice in 19th and early 20th century. This paper, inspired by a larger research project, reports an examination of glass plate negatives held at Golestan Palace Photo Archive in Tehran to identify techniques and mate...

Purpose: This paper is an assessment of the political consequences of Iran-Iraq war within the framework of "target-result" theory. The paper also tests the theory of "war without a win". Methodology and Research Design: Data for this study has come from archival records, library resources, and interview with war commanders. Theoretical framework o...

Purpose: This paper examines and compares compliance of seven software, namely Calm for Archives Version 9.3, Collective Access Version 1.7, Archives Space Version 2.4.1, Archivematica Version 1.8, Adlib XPlus Version 2, Cuadra Star Single version and Eloquent Archives Single version with the existing archival standards. Methodology and Research D...

Purpose: To investigate the process of establishment and early development of the National Library of Iran Methodology and Research Design: Data was collected from archival documents and library resources Findings and Conclusions: Expansion of relations with the West in the later Qajarid period inspired Iranians to adopt European nations’ culturarl...

Purpose: Bazaaries (Persian: بازاری ), the traditional wealthy merchants of bazaars were not favorured by the economic policies of the government, especially in the later years of Shah reign. This paper discusses such policies and their impact on turning away from supporting the regime. Method and Research Design: Data has been collected from arch...

Purpose: This paper has examined the structure of the openings of the Qajarid domestic and forign correspondence. Method and Research Design. Archival records and library resources were examined to collect data for this paper. Findings and Conclusion: The structure of the introduction consisted of three parts: addressing, titles and prayers. Since...

Purpose: To examine five accounting sheets in Arabic issued in the early years of the 12th century and held at the Astan Quds Razavi Library & Documentation Center Methodology and Research Design: Paleographical analysis and symbols decoding was carried out to determine the authenticity if records. Findings and Conclusions: Examination revealed tha...

Purpose: To examine the structure and contents of a number of holy shrines custodianship decrees with controversial source of issuance. Method and Research Design: Documentary method was employed for analysis. Findings and Conclusion: Due to the monarchy's inferior status within the Shiite jurisprudence, Qajar monarchies were able to enforce they j...

Purpose: This paper reports Iran-Ottoman disputes over the region of Baghsaee, owned by Iran since the Safavid time, and its final anexion to the Ottoman Empire in 1914. Methodology and Research Design: Archival records and library resources were examined for gathering data. Findings and Conclusion: Security concerns of the Ottomans were due to the...

Purpose: Reports the role of Alliance School in the cultural development of the Jewish community in Kermanshah. Methodology and Research Design: Archival records and library resources were consulted to collect data. Findings and Conclusion: The School was instrumental in promoting literacy and culture among the members of the community. It was a pi...

Purpose: This paper reports the Baluch population of Iran resistance to the law of national identity card in the 1930s. Method and Research Design: Data for this research eas collected fromarchival and library resources as well as interview with informants. Findings and Conclusion: Implementation took place in two stages. In the first satges some p...

Purpose: The mid-western region of Eraagh in Iran now: Ostaan-e Markazi) experienced an extraordinary short period of the governance of Mustafa Gholikhan Farrashbashi, a pioneer reformist. This paper discusses his initiatives and the reasons for his quick dismissal. Method and Research Design: Data was gathered from archival and library resources....

Purpose: This study examines archival literacy among the users of archives in Tehran. Method and Research Design: 80 users completed a researcher designed questionnaire the components of which were extracted from the literature. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.881 using Cronbach's alpha. The SPSS 21 statistical software was employed for...

Purpose: This study addresses the problem of using synthetic adhesives for paper restoration. It suggests the use of traditional adhesives instead. The paper discusses the wide range of the use of serish (eremurus paste) in Iran, including for applying on paper. The study provides methods to increase the viscosity and viscidity of serish. method an...

Purpose: Answers the question whether the reform in the justice system changed the relation between the two types of courts, or changed the overall judiciary system. Method and Research Design: Data for this study was gathered from two collections of archival documents belong to the Adliyee Azam (circa. 1904). Findings and Conclusion: Reform implem...

Purpose: The strategy adopted by the 3rd Development Plan for providing employment for rural migrants and its failure are discussed in this article. Method and Research Design: Data for this paper is gathered from archival records and library resources. Findings and Conclusion: Following the land reform of 1963, massive migration from rural areas...

Purpose: This article reports the consequences of the implementation of a law that passed the Iranian parliament in 1929 to end the chronic imbalance of the nation’s foreign trade by granting the government the exclusive right of doing foreign trade. Method and Research Design: Data for this study was collected from the records held at the National...

Purpose: This article discusses the promotional and recruitment activities carried out in the high schools of Khorasan by the Provincial Committee of the Tudeh Party between 1941-1956. Method and Research Design: Data was collected from archival records, supplemented by library resources. Findings and Conclusion: Because of the heavily religious...

Purpose: Problems of Iranian women in the 1920s, as discussed in two women’s magazines published by prominent Iranian women, are identified. Method and Research Design: Apart from the data collected from the contents of the magazine, records of the National Archives of Iran was consulted for supporting data. Findings and Conclusion: Zabaan-e Zanaa...

Purpose: This paper discusses legal requirements for online publication of oral history interviews. Method and Research Design: Issues relating to the publication of oral history interviews were identified from library resources. Then the websites of the Miller Archival Center, National Archives of Singapore, University of Harvard, NASA Oral Histo...

Purpose: Seeks the views of experts about applicability of METS to OAIS for Persian digital records Method and Research Design: For data collection a questionnaire with 145 items, extracted as METS components, was sent to 30 digital preservation experts in Iran and abroad. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professionals in the fie...

Purpose: This paper aims to the explorer social and economic status of the brides and grooms in the indicated time period, based on the content and the form of marriage contracts. Method and Research Design: Data extracted from marriage contracts held at the National Archives of Iran was categorized and added into tables. Inferences were made base...

Purpose: To analyze the content of four important monsha’ats [منشآت] (collections of writings, in particular official letters) of the time of Sultan Hussein Bāyqarā (1438-1506), the Timurid prince. A newly found manuscript of Mansha ol-Enshaá is examined against three other copies of the work. Method and Research Design: Contents of the four manus...

Purpose: A high liquidity deficit in its treasury prevented Iran from entering into the world of trade. The Shah’s short-term solution was to have more gold and silver and precious stones. Throughout his fifty years of reign, he made several attempts to find new gold mines. This paper reports such efforts. Method and Research Design: Data for this...

Purpose: This paper discusses the importance of Mazandaran roads during the times of the Safavids and Qajarids. It then explores the reasons behind the failure of the Qa-jarid government in keeping the roads in the region in good condition. Method and Research Design: Data was extracted from the contract document for repair and maintenance of a roa...

Purpose: To explore predictability of growth rate of alternaria alternata in paper by ANFIS to control the bio-deterioration. Mathematical modeling by adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has proved to be a valuable tool in predicting fungal growth rate in the fields of microbiology and food industry. This method is an alternative way to...

Purpose: To discuss how the assassination of the government official in charge of implementing the land reform in the region led to a national crisis and had consequences for the government. Method and Research Design: Data was obtained from archival records held at the National Archives of Iran and private documents owned by the son of the assass...

Purpose: Carrying out a feasibility study for setting up an archive in the Office of Air Accidents of the Iranian Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Method and Research Design: For data gathering, observations and interviews were carried out. For developing a checklist and a questionnaire we consulted ISO/IEC and 10443 INSO standards as well as l...

Purpose: This paper explores the social, cultural, and economic rank of the position of seal-holder in the shrine of the 8th Shia Imam (=Astan-e Quds-e Razavi) in Mashad during from 16th to early 20th century. Method and Research Design: Data for this paper was collected from archive documents and library sources. Findings and Conclusion: The pos...

Purpose: The establishment of the so-called Justice Box (Persian =sanduq-i adalat) by Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar (1831 –1896) is discussed as an ingenious device in line with the Iranian tradition of a benevolent tyrant. The king’s concern for justice in the absence of a justice system led him revive the classic image of a just king for himself. The i...

Following the mass import of European goods to Iran in the second half of the 19th centry, the trade balance of the nation turned negative. When the export of raw silk failed due to the spread of silk worm disease in the 1860s, Iranian merchants began to produce and export goods like cotton, rice, opium and Persian carpets to generate income for co...

Purpose: Public diplomacy is based on soft power, i.e. by influencing public opinion, and in particular, the elite of the hosting country, which complements formal diplomacy. Since the early 1960s, due to its strategic location, the energy resources of Iran, common borders with former Soviet Union, and increasing dissatisfaction among the Iranian e...

Purpose: To examine whether the Description Archives: Content Standard (DACS) could be used for electronic records. Method and Research Design: A checklist designed based on the DACS was used to collect data for this descriptive survey. The population included all types of electronic records such as Economic Information Systems, Geographic Informat...

Purpose: To examine material the effect of microorganisms responsible for the biodegradation process of old paper. Method and Research Design: The effect of temperature (5–40 °C), water activity (aw; 0•80-0.99) on Munktel paper 393 (100% cellose) with pH values of 3 to 9 in 168 hour and their interactions with the temporal rates of germination and...

Purpose: To examine the relationship between thinking styles with value orientation and the way that individuals archive their personal digital documents. Method and Research Design: This is an applied research in terms of its aim, and descriptive-correlative in terms of its nature. Data was collected by circulating one researcher-constructed ques...

Purpose: Trade relations between the two countries during Qajar period until the end of the last years of Mozaffar al-Din Shah (1896-1907) are studied to explore the impact of imports on the economy of Iran. Method and Research Design: Data was collected and analyzed from library resources and archival records of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Af...

Purpose: The role of Ahmadvand nomads in the western borders of Iran in the later part of the 19th century, and how they were expelled from the country is reviewed in this paper. Method and Research Design: Archival records and library resources were consulted to collect data. Findings and Conclusion: Ahmadvands were Ottoman Empire subjects; howe...

Purpose: This paper explores the policies and purposes of half a century of cultural and social activities of Americans in Iran, from around 1925 to 1979. Methodology and Research Design: A descriptive-analysis research method was used based on documents, library, press resources and interviews. Findings and Conclusion: Activities were driven by t...

Purpose: This paper explains what factors impact preservation and access to materials in audiovisual archives, including those of radio and television; where and when access contributes to preservation and where it endangers them due to such acts as manipulation, distortion, censorship or destruction. The paper proposes strategies for maintaining a...

Purpose: To examine the effect of yellow color tonality of safflower based on old Iranian dye making instructions. Color resistance and stability of colored papers against light was tested to identify advantages and disadvantages of the dyeing method. Methodology and Research Design: Instructions for making yellow tonality with safflower were extr...

Purpose: To study social, economic, and cultural life of the people of the region though the contents of marriage certificates. Method and Research Design: Data was collected and analyzed from marriage certificates held at the Central Archives of Astan Quds Razavi. Marriage certificates were divided into three groups: Mohammad Shah and early Naser...

Purpose: To gain an insight into the political, social, and cultural development in Iran by identifying the themes and aesthetics of postal stamps issued since 1979. Method and Research Design: 93 frames of stamps were analyzed from the point of view of subject, theme, and design. Findings and Conclusion: Politics and religion are dominant subjec...

Purpose: The instructions issued for diplomatic missionaries differed in content and appearance and this independent research considers the types and components of these documents. This paper explores the varying characteristics of the Qajar Foreign Affairs Ministry Instructions. Method and Research Design: Archival and library materials were exam...

Purpose: To conduct an SWOT analysis for the National Archives of Iran, evaluate its strategic position, and to provide suggestions for further improvements. Method and Research Design: A questionnaire was designed to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by seven archive experts....

Purpose: To secure their political and economic interests, Russians sought to build roads leading into the North and northwest parts of Iran. This paper looks in historical records to see where these plans led to. Method and Research Design: Archival records and library materials were examined to collect data. Findings and Conclusion: Russian mil...

Purpose: Aims to investigate water resource management in the City of Qom during the Qajarid Period (1798-1925). After the invasion of Afghans which led to the fall of Safavids, Qom was hit hard. The city faced destruction and loss of population. After that, until the rise of the Qajarids, the city suffered many civil conflicts. With the establishm...

Purpose: To investigate the event of taking sanctuary in the British Consulate by Iranian merchants; and the actions taken by Iranian Ulama residing in (Karbala and Najaf) to support them. Method and Research Design: Data gathered from library materials and archival records kept in the Iranian Foreign Affairs Ministry. Findings and Conclusion: Ir...

Purpose: Traditional coffeehouse paintings are usually kept in public venues; therefore, they are exposed to all kinds of damage. To ensure appropriate repair in case of damage, knowledge of the ingredients and techniques used in them is essential. This paper reports on the examination of a single such painting created by Abolghasem Isfahani, a Qaj...

Purpose: Reports types of sewing of manuscripts for the purpose of preserving originality of the manuscripts when repair is needed. Method and Research Design: Among the Six hundred manuscripts kept in the collections of the Document Center and National Library of Fars, the ones which had a date on them were picked. They were examined with a Canon...