Gangadhara B

• PhD
• Principal Scientist at Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture

We investigated the effect of various carbon sources on the production performance of critically endangered Hypselobarbus pulchellus in biofloc system. The experimental setup comprised four biofloc treatment groups with various carbon sources (jaggery, tapioca, rice and corn flour) and a control group. Healthy early fry (0.0068 g) was randomly stoc...

The present study was conducted with the objective of elucidating the optimum dietary incorporation level of moringa leaf meal in the feed for Hypselobarbus pulchellus, a critically endangered peninsular carp. Two growth studies were conducted in out-door, soil-based cement tanks for 90 days, with diets having graded levels of moringa leaf meal (ML...

Though there are several reports of estimation of apparent nutrient digestibility values using different markers in fish nutritional studies, no study is available wherein the same nutrient digestibility was estimated using two or more markers. The study aimed at comparing the apparent Digestibility Coefficient (ADC) of nutrients, estimated using t...

Background: Biofloc technology relies on adding a carbon source to maintain optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio for transforming the waste into microbial biomass that aquatic animals can use. In the present study, the growth performance of the critically endangered Hypselobarbus pulchellus in biofloc-based seed rearing with different Carbon to Nitroge...

A 90-day trial was conducted to determine the optimal stocking density for raising fingerlings of Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849). The fish were reared in cement tanks of 24 m 2 at stocking densities of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 m-2. Initially, cow dung was applied at a basal rate of 3 t ha-1 in the experimental rearing tanks. After a...

An experiment was conducted for 90 days in outdoor, circular, 1000 L, cement cisterns with soil base for evaluating the effect of nutrient supplemen-tation on planktonic quality and quantity. All the cisterns were manured with cow dung (400 g), Urea (1 g) and single super phosphate (1.5 g) at fortnightly intervals. Water-soluble forms of Magnesium...

An experiment was conducted for 90 days in outdoor, circular, 1000 L, cement cisterns with soil base for evaluating the effect of nutrient supplemen-tation on planktonic quality and quantity. All the cisterns were manured with cow dung (400 g), Urea (1 g) and single super phosphate (1.5 g) at fortnightly intervals. Water-soluble forms of Magnesium...

Effect of different broodstock diets on breeding performance of the critically endangered peninsular carp Hypselobarbus pulchellus (Day, 1870) was evaluated. Male and female fish were reared in earthen ponds and fed one of the following diets viz. (i) Control-Fishmeal based feed (crude protein, CP 35%); (ii) Control feed supplemented at 2% with a c...

Deccan mahseer, Tor khudree (Sykes, 1849) is the most popular mahseer species of the Western Ghats. However, information on optimising stocking density for fingerling rearing is not available for T. khudree. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of stocking density on the growth and survival of the blue-fin mahseer, Tor khudree in fry to fi...

A 90-day experiment with 2 × 2 factorial design—2 levels of substrate (with and without) and 2 levels of feeding (with and without)—was carried out in 16-m² outdoor cement tanks having 5-cm soil base, to evaluate the performance of Labeo fimbriatus in polyculture with Catla catla in periphyton-based culture system with sugarcane bagasse as the subs...

A 60 days growth trial was conducted with fry of Hypselobarbus pulchellus for evaluating the effect of incorporation of two aquatic plants Azolla microphylla and Vallisneria spiralis at 30, 60 and 90% levels in the diet on growth and survival. The fry (average weight 23.07 ± 0.96 mg and average length 1.57 ± 0.24 cm) were stocked at 12 numbers per...

The dietary protein requirement of the peninsular carp, Hypselobarbus pulchellus was investigated through a feeding trial conducted in aerated plastic tanks (50 L) with five isocaloric diets formulated to contain crude protein levels ranging from 20 to 40% (CP20, CP25, CP30, CP35 and CP40) using pure ingredients with casein and gelatin as the prote...

The effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth, digestive enzymes activity, innate immunity and disease resistance in the Indian minor carp Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849) was evaluated over a period of 90 days in soil based cement tanks. B. carnaticus recorded higher weight gain after feeding MOS incorporated diets, with no differ...

Dry matter and nutrient digestibility of dried azolla powder incorporated in the traditional feed was evaluated in advanced fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) reared in aerated indoor plastic tanks. The fish were fed nearly isocaloric diets formulated to contain azolla powder, replacing the main ingredients, groundnut cake and rice bran o...

In the present study, innate immune parameters of peninsular carps Hypselobarbus pulchellus and Barbodes carnaticus were studied and compared with Indian major carps Catla catla and Labeo rohita. A total of30 fingerlings of each species were used in the study. The blood samples collected from fish were used for Nitroblue tetrazolium assay (NBT) to...

An experiment was conducted in out-door, circular cement tanks (1000 L) with soil base for one year to estimate the plankton productivity and microbial characteristics in relation to seasons and inputs. Effect of three locally available manures - Cow dung (CD), poultry manure (PM) and goat manure (GM), on plank.tonic quality and quantity was evalua...

Advanced fingerlings of Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) were reared in aerated indoor plastic tanks to elucidate the dry matter and nutrient digestibility of cottonseed meal (CSM) in the feed. The fish were fed isocaloric formulated diets containing CSM replacing the main ingredients – groundnut cake and rice bran of the control diet at 10, 20, 30 a...

An on-farm study with periphyton based culture systems was conducted for 90 days in 16 m² soil-based and fertilized out-door cement tanks. The objective was to evaluate the effect of provision of feed and orientation of substrate on the water quality and taxonomic composition and biomass of periphyton and free plankton. Fertilization of tanks was d...

A growth trial was conducted for 60 days in 4 × 4 m outdoor cement tanks with soil base to evaluate growth, feed conversion efficiency, carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity of rohu, Labeo rohita, fed diets incorporated with guar meal replacing fish meal. The isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets used were—a fish meal based diet (Control)...

The effect of substrate orientation on the growth of Labeo fimbriatus in periphyton-based culture system was evaluated through an on-farm growth trial conducted for 90 days in 4x4x1.2 m soil-based, fertilized outdoor cement tanks. The treatments consisted of triplicate tanks receiving no feed (NF), receiving feed (F), and those receiving sugarcane...

A study was conducted with non‐conventional ingredients to test their efficacy as fishmeal (FM) replacers in the diet of fringe‐ lipped carp. Labeo fimbriatus first feeding larvae and fry were reared for 30 and 60 days in indoor, 50 L, aerated, circular plastic tanks at 100 and 30 numbers tank−1, respectively. In the first feeding larvae to fry rea...

This article gives an overview of breeding and seed production technology developed by ICAR�CIFA for H. kolus collected from wild and subsequently raised under culture conditions.

The chapter explains in detail about the induced breeding technique of the Cauvery carp, Puntius carnaticus, an endemic and threatened fish of the Western Ghats.

This chapter explains in detail about the induced breeding technique of the endemic fish seen in the peninsular rivers, which is presently included in the list of critically endangered species, Hypselobarbus pulchellus

The present study was undertaken to generate first time information on the optimal stocking density for fry to fingerling rearing of Hypselobarbus pulchellus. Rearing was carried out for 90 days at stocking densities of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 fish/m² in 24 m² cement tanks. While the length of fish at harvest ranged from 3.42 cm in 120/...

Induced breeding procedure for farm-bred and pond-raised critically endangered peninsular carp, Hypselobarbus pulchellus

It is about breeding technology of the Peninsular carp Barbodes carnaticus

The article is about the breeding technology of the farm raised, critically endangered peninsular carp, Hypselobarbus pulchellus

Introduction and Aim: Periphyton is the aggregation of micro-floral communities on the surface of submerged objects in the aquatic system. It is an excellent source of nutrients, including functional food carotenoids. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of carotenoids obtained from sustainable aquatic resource per...

Fingerlings of Barbodes carnaticus (average size: 9.25 ± 0.43 cm; 7.39 ± 1.18 g) were reared for 60 days in aerated plastic tubs (40 l) providing 5 iso-nitrogenous diets formulated to contain crude NFE (nitrogen free extract) levels ranging from 35 to 50% using pure ingredients. The fish were fed ad libitum and were allowed to feed for 6 h and ther...

Isolation of bioactive compounds relies greatly upon proper extraction strategy. Sustainable aquatic resource periphyton was exploited to extract carotenoids by means of acetone-petroleum ether and ethanol and identified through the paper chromatographic approach. Carotenoid extracts were studied for their antioxidant potential. The result showed t...

Digestibility of dry matter and nutrients by Catla catla was investigated from three feed ingredients - Azolla, soybean and silkworm pupa incorporated at levels ranging from 0-40% incorporated into a diet consisting equal amounts of rice bran and groundnut oil cake. Total dry matter digestibility (DMD) and protein digestibility of Azolla diets were...

An on-farm experiment was conducted in 0.15 ha earthen ponds for a period of nine months from August 2014 to April 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of mixture of cattle urine and dung as a source of nutrients for plankton production in the polyculture of Indian and exotic carps. The ponds were stocked @ 6000 ha-1 with catla, rohu, mrigal, grass carp a...

Fingerlings of Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon 1849) (6.40±0.267 cm, 2.46±0.39 g) were reared in aerated plastic tubs (40 l) with five iso-energetic diets formulated to contain crude protein levels ranging from 25 to 45% using pure ingredients. Initially, the diet was fed at @5% of the biomass and gradually adjusted based on daily feed consumption. The...

Periphyton was cultured and its phytoplankton communities were identified based on morphological features. This included 24 genera belonging to the 6 classes. Highest number of genera was found in Bacillariophyceae followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Whereas a single genus was documented from class Euglenophyceae, Ulvophyceae and Xanthophyc...

This study was conducted in indoor, aerated plastic tubs to estimate the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients by the carps, Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) and Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, from three feed ingredients viz., azolla, soybean meal and silkworm pupa incorporated at levels ranging from 0-40% in a diet comprising equal amounts of r...

Digestibility of feed ingredients in the compounded diet is an important factor affecting the growth of fish. A study was conducted in indoor plastic tubs to estimate the in vivo digestibility of dry matter and nutrients by a minor carp Labeo calbasu for a non-conventional feed ingredient – azolla, incorporated at levels ranging from 0-40% using cr...

An experiment of 60 days duration was carried out to compare dry matter and protein digestibility of periphyton grown on sugarcane bagasse bundles and a pelleted feed in Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795). Advanced fingerlings maintained in glass aquaria were allowed to feed on fresh periphyton or pelleted feed (20% crude protein) daily morning, the fe...

A 90 day experiment was conducted in outdoor , soil-based (10 cm), cement tanks to evaluate the effect of three manures viz. cattle dung, poultry manure and press mud provided at iso-nitrogenous levels, on the growth and nutrient composition of periphyton grown on sugarcane bagasse. Water quality analysis revealed that tanks applied with cattle dun...

The carcass quality traits of an endemic carp, Hypselobarbus pulchellus, were assessed to determine its flesh yield and quality. Fish were stocked at 5000 no. ha-1 in 0.1 ha earthen composite aquaculture ponds with a mean temperature of 24.6°C and given supplementary feed once daily. Fish weighing between 1.8-2.5 kg were assessed for carcass and of...

Low fishmeal diets (10%) with varied levels of maize (40-31%) and sardine oil (0-9%) were fed for 120 days to triplicate groups of catla (Catla catla Hamilton,1822) fingerlings (average weight 1.84-1.90 g) stocked @ 1 fish per m2 in cement tanks with soil base fertilised with poultry manure. Fish fed on diet containing 6% oil and 34% maize (T2) sho...

Variations in the activities of some digestive enzymes were studied in the different size groups of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Regional distribution of digestive enzymes was also investigated from four intestinal segments of adult fish. The activities of amylase, trypsin, total protease and chymotrypsin increased along with increase in length...

Periphyton grown on sugarcane bundles was analyzed for major digestive enzymes in order to quantify their possible exogenous digestive enzyme contribution to the grazing fish. The proximate and taxonomic composition of constituent planktonic organisms of periphyton was compared with that of free plankton. Further, the activity of major digestive en...

Nursery rearing of Labeo fimbriatus was undertaken in outdoor cement tanks with soil base, where periphyton growth was enhanced by providing sugarcane bagasse as substrate. The growth parameters in terms of final weight of fish, weight gain and biomass were the highest under Substrate + Feed treatment. Growth of fish under Substrate only treatment...

A review of literature was conducted to bring together information available on the indigenous practices followed by aqua farmers in various parts of the world. The information was grouped under the different steps of aquaculture starting from site selection for pond construction to fish health management. In addition, aquaculture practices based o...

Influences of two types of substrates, natural (macrophyte, Pistia stratiotes) and artificial (plastic screen) were evaluated at 3 differrent densities (10, 20, 30%) on periphyton development, water quality and growth performance of jaraqui (Semaprochilodus insignis). Fish of average initial weight 1.46-1.69 g and length 4.15-4.26 cm stocked at 1/m...

Puntius pulchellus, a medium carp is evaluated for its potential as a candidate species for species diversification in freshwater aquaculture. Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate its performance with other Indian major carps,Catla catla and Labeo rohita in poly culture conducted in outdoor stone pithed un-manured ponds. In the first trial,...

The carcass quality traits of an endemic carp, Hypselobarbus pulchellus, were assessed to determine its flesh yield and quality. Fish were stocked at 5000 no. ha-1 in 0.1 ha earthen composite aquaculture ponds with a mean temperature of 24.6°C and given supplementary feed once daily. Fish weighing between 1.8-2.5 kg were assessed for carcass and of...

An experiment of 75 days duration was conducted in fertilized outdoor circular cement tanks (1,000 L) with soil base for evaluating the growth and survival of Labeo fimbriatus fry fed with pelleted feed containing varied levels of dried azolla (Azolla pinnata). The Control feed contained 45% groundnut oilcake plus 45% rice bran and 10% finger mille...

The effect of two substrates and four fish stocking densities on the growth and production of rohu (Labeo rohita) was investigated through a 70-day 2 x 2 factorial design experiment carried out in mud-bottomed outdoor 25 m2 cement tanks. Bamboo and sugarcane bagasse were employed as substrates. Both the substrates affected (P<0.05) fish growth and...

A 90 days experiment was conducted in outdoor circular cement tanks to evaluate the growth and survival of Labeo fimbriatus fry when provided with sugarcane bagasse as a periphyton substrate. In all, there were six treatments viz., feed (T1), substrate (T2), substrate + feed (T3), substrate in tank bottom + feed (T4) and substrate + feed + double s...

An equal mixture of soybean and horse gram flour was added to the An equal mixture of soybean and horse gram flour was added to theAn equal mixture of soybean and horse gram flour was added to the An equal mixture of soybean and horse gram flour was added to theAn equal mixture of soybean and horse gram flour was added to theAn equal mixture of soy...

The effect of two substrates and four fish stocking densities on the growth and production of rohu (Labeo rohita) was investigated through a 70-day 2 x 2 factorial design experiment carried out in mud-bottomed outdoor 25 m2 cement tanks. Bamboo and sugarcane bagasse were employed as substrates. Both the substrates affected (P<0.05) fish growth and...

The effect of feed vs. feed plus two substrates, a macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes) and plastic screen, on the performance of jaraqui (Semaprochilodus insignis) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) was evaluated under polyculture. Jaraqui of 14.84-18.05 g and tambaqui of 4.32-4.60 g initial average weight were stocked in triplicate at 1 fish per m 2 i...

Spoilage or freshness indices are extensively used in fish processing industry and research. Although frequently employed, the index total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) in freshwater fish does not correlate well with storage. Rohu (Labeo rohita) steaks treated with chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) and chill-stored in ice for 14 days were extracted with di...

This experiment of 50 days duration aimed at evaluating the growth and survival of rohu, Labeo rohita fry to dietary salt (NaCl) was carried out in six outdoor, 25 m(3) (5mx5mx1m), unfertilised cement tanks with soil base (5 cm), stocking rohu fry @ 1.5 lakh ha(-1). Powdered mixture (1:1) of rice bran and groundnut oil cake was provided in dough fo...

This experiment of 75 days duration was conducted in out-door circular cement tanks (1000 l) with added soil bottom. Growth and survival of Cirrhinus mrigala fry, fed with pelleted feed containing varied levels of dried azolla was evaluated. Tanks were fertilized initially with cow dung at 4 t ha-1 followed by 0.5 t ha-1 fortnightly. Additionally,...

This experiment of 50 days duration aimed at evaluating the growth and survival of rohu, Labeo rohita fry to dietary salt (NaCl) was carried out in six outdoor, 25 m (5mx5mx1m), unfertilised cement tanks with soil base (5 cm), stocking rohu fry @ 1.5 lakh ha -1 3 . Powdered mixture (1:1) of rice bran and groundnut oil cake was provided in dough for...

Efficacy of feeding with different live feeds as well as artificial feed on growth performance of black-spot barb Puntius filamentosus fry was evaluated by conducting a feeding experiment for a period of 45 days. The fishes (average weight - 121.93 mg; average length - 28.8 mm) were fed under four treatments viz., artificial feed, Tubifex worm, Art...

Effi cacy of feeding with different live feeds as well as artifi cial feed on growth performance of black-spot barb Puntius fi lamentosus fry was evaluated by conducting a feeding experiment for a period of 45 days. The fi shes (average weight - 121.93 mg; average length - 28.8 mm) were fed under four treatments viz., artifi cial feed, Tubifex wor...

Effi cacy of feeding with different live feeds as well as artifi cial feed on growth performance of black-spot barb Puntius fi lamentosus fry was evaluated by conducting a feeding experiment for a period of 45 days. The fi shes (average weight - 121.93 mg; average length - 28.8 mm) were fed under four treatments viz., artifi cial feed, Tubifex wor...

Provision of biodegradable substrates in culture systems results in the production of biofilm/periphyton which serves as an additional natural food source for cultured fish. The effect of sugarcane bagasse on water quality, growth performance and production of the Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita) was investigated through a 180 days experiment...

Four locally available biodegradable substrates—sugarcane (Saccharum officinales) bagasse, palm (Borasus flabellifera) leaf, coconut (Cocos nucifera) leaf, and bamboo (Bambusa bambos) mat—were evaluated for the production of periphyton and a polyculture of rohu (Labeo rohita) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in poultry-manured ponds. Chlorophyll-a...

Provision of biodegradable substrates in culture systems results in the production of biofilm/periphyton which serves as an additional natural food source for cultured fish. The effect of sugarcane bagasse on water quality, growth performance and production of the Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita) was investigated through a 180 days experiment...

Two field experiments, each of 98-day duration, were conducted in outdoor mud- bottomed cement tanks, employing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry and fingerlings, with a view to study the effect of nutrient inputs (feed, manure and their combination) on different life stages of the fish. The treatments consisted of control (C), only feed (F), only...

Background. In Indian carp culture, a 1 : 1 mixture of rice bran and oil cake is traditionally used as feed in powder form; it is nutritionally inadequate and also a large part of it goes unutilized as the fish cannot feed on the powder effectively. With a view to improve its nutritional quality and reduce the wastage, the mixture was supplemented...

Supplying much of the required energy through carbohydrates and/or lipids helps in avoiding protein utilization as an energy source. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of fish meal free diets, formulated with high levels of maize and supplemented with sardine oil, on growth, carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity of...

Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles (av. wt. 1.11 g) were reared for 120 days in 25 m cement tanks on pelleted diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% sodium chloride (NaCl). The final weight gain of prawn fed 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% NaCl incorporated diets was significantly higher than that of the control and 0.5% NaCl treatment; the highest w...

This study was undertaken to examine the level to which dietary fish meal could be reduced, replacing it with maize, a locally available, cheap carbohydrate source and to study the protein sparing effect of carbohydrate in catla (Catla ca tla), grown in manured tanks. Twelve mud bottomed cement tanks of 18 m 2 (6m x 3m x 1m) each, fertilized initi...

Ten locally available substrates, five biodegradable and five non-degradable, were evaluated for their potential to harbor periphyton in cement tanks fertilized with poultry manure. The tanks were fertilized regularly and the periphyton was allowed to grow for 70 days. Weekly samples of periphyton and plankton were collected for enumeration and bio...

The effectiveness of pressmud, a sugarcane by-product, was tested as a manure in the production of natural food and carp, by conducting two experiments. The first experiment, of 5 weeks duration, examined the effect of pressmud addition on water quality and natural food production. This study was carried out in fibreglass tubs (1.54 m3) with a 5 cm...

A total of 102 induced breeding trials were carried out at Harangi, Karnataka between 1993 and 1997, with a view to standardize hatchery technology for pond-raised mahseer, Tor khudree. The initial seeds for raising the broodstock were brought from Lonavla, Maharashtra in 1990 and reared in mud-bottomed masonry ponds. Male and female brood fish wer...

This book contains 18 chapters and provides an international review of periphyton ecology, exploitation and management. The ecological aspect focuses on periphyton structure and function in natural systems while the exploitation aspect covers its nutritive qualities and utilization by organisms, particularly in agriculture. The management aspect co...

Rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings (av. wt. 1.6 g) were fed pelleted diets supplemented with 0,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0% sodium chloride (NaCl) for 120 days in 25-m cement tanks. The final weight gain of fish fed 0.5 and 1.0% NaCl-incorporated diets was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control (0% NaCl). Net protein retention and carcass pr...

Periphyton development on bamboo substrate was quantified over six weeks in fertilized mud-bottomed cement tanks. Dry matter, ash and pigment content of periphyton were analyzed at weekly intervals. On a dry matter basis, periphyton production reached the maximum on the 21st day and showed a decline thereafter. Periphyton was scraped and fed ad lib...

Periphyton growing on artificial substrates can increase the production of herbivorous fish in aquaculture ponds. Periphyton may be an alternative or a complement for supplemental feed in fingerling production. Growth and production of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus×Oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated in twelve 5×5×1-m3 concrete mud-...

Breeding performance of catla, (Catla catla) was assessed through feeding trial for three months. Test diets with 30% protein (diet B) and 35% protein (diet C) were developed using a combination of rice bran, groundnut cake and fish meal. The proportion of these ingredients was reduced in diet D and replaced with horse gram, black gram, broken cake...

In order to study the influence of sodium chloride (common salt) on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activity of carps and prawns, we carried out four separate experiments of 120-day duration each in 25m3 (5x5x1m) outdoor cement tanks without soil base. We used the commonly cultured species-rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigai...

manure. The growth of fish was the highest (P < 0.05) with the diet containing 6% fish oil, followed by 3, 9, and 0%. Food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio improved with increasing dietary lipid level. Dietary lipid had a positive impact on carcass lipid level (P < 0.05). Moisture and crude protein did not vary (P > 0.05) from that of...

A growth trial was conducted on common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) fry in cement tanks for 100 days in order to test the efficacy of mixed feeding schedules. The diets tested were a fishmeal-based diet (diet D with 30.9% protein) and three Colocasia esculenta-based diets (diet A with 16.7% protein, diet B with 19.7% protein and diet C with 25.8% prot...

Two experiments were conducted, one with the herbivorous mahseer Tor khudree and another with the fringe-lipped carp Labeo fimbriatus to study the effect of feeding and periphyton on their growth and production. Twelve tanks (25 m2) with mud bottoms and 0 (control), 98 (low density) or 196 (high density) bamboo poles tank−1 were used. Mahseer (init...

Four diets (T0–T3) were formulated reducing the fishmeal (Indian) component by 100 g kg–1 from 300 to 0 g kg–1 and including proportionately increasing quantities of maize. Diets were fed for 120 days at 50 g kg–1 body weight to triplicate groups of common carp (av. wt. 2.11–2.18 g) stocked at 1 m–2 in mud bottomed cement tanks (18 m2), fertilized...

Supplementation of pelleted feeds (30% crude protein) consisting of practical ingredients with 250, 375 and 500 mg Cholymbi/kg diet resulted significantly improved the growth of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Highest final average weight was recorded with diet containing 500 mg Cholymbi/kg. Feeding Cholymbi to fish showed increased carcass protein a...

Supplementation of a fishmeal based pelleted diet (30% protein) containing Livol, a herbal growth promoter at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% levels increased the nutrient (Protein, Fat, NFE) digestibility and decreased hepatosomatic indices. These parameters were the best at 0.5% level of dietary Livol. No effect on viscerosomatic indices and organoleptic quali...

The influence of Spirulina platensis meal on the growth and carcass composition of two Indian major carps, catla, Catla catla and rohu, Labeo rohita was investigated in a 90-day culture trial. Four experimental diets were used and Spirulina replaced fish meal protein from the standard diet at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels. There was no significant...

Two trials were conducted in mud-bottomed concrete tanks to assess the potential of using artificial substrates to enhance fish production in ponds. Three substrate types were tested: bamboo poles, PVC pipes and sugarcane bagasse bundles. In one trial, periphyton was grown on the substrates in the absence of fish. In the second trial, masheer (Tor...

A growth trial was conducted on fingerlings of common carp fed with four levels of Livol (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) incorporated pelleted feeds (30% protein). Fingerlings provided with dietary Livol at 1% level recorded the highest weight gain, food conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, nutrient digestibility and muscle protein content. Organo...